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Stanza 3.59.1
मि॒त्रो जना॑न्यातयति ब्रुवा॒णो मि॒त्रो दा॑धार पृथि॒वीमु॒त द्याम् | मि॒त्रः कृ॒ष्टीरनि॑मिषा॒भि च॑ष्टे मि॒त्राय॑ ह॒व्यं घृ॒तव॑ज्जुहोत ||
mitró jánān yātayati bruvāṇó mitró dādhāra pr̥thivī́m utá dyā́m mitráḥ kr̥ṣṭī́r ánimiṣābhí caṣṭe mitrā́ya havyáṁ ghr̥távaj juhota
Mitra, speaking, calls people to action. Mitra holds up the Earth and the sky. Mitra watches over all people with unwavering attention. So, offer him oblations mixed with ghee!
This verse introduces Mitra, the divine being who inspires people to action through his words. Mitra is depicted as the sustainer of both the Earth and the sky, and he watches over humanity with unblinking attention. The stanza calls upon people to offer him oblations, specifically clarified butter, highlighting Mitra's role as a guiding and supportive force.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मि॒त्रः जना॑न यातयति ब्रुवा॒णः mitráḥ jánān yātayati bruvāṇáḥ (11 syllables)
- B. मि॒त्रः दा॑धार पृथि॒वीमु उत द्याम् mitráḥ dādhāra pr̥thivī́m utá dyā́m (11 syllables)
- C. मि॒त्रः कृ॒ष्टीः अनि॑मिषा अभि चष्टे mitráḥ kr̥ṣṭī́ḥ ánimiṣā abhí caṣṭe (11 syllables)
- D. मि॒त्राय हव्यं घृ॒तव॑त् जुहोत mitrā́ya havyám ghr̥távat juhota (11 syllables)
मि॒त्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra
जना॑न (jánān)
people, human beings
यातयति (yātayati)
causes to move, impels, urges
ब्रुवा॒णः (bruvāṇáḥ)
speaking, saying
मि॒त्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra
दा॑धार (dādhāra)
supported, sustained, upheld
पृथि॒वीमु (pr̥thivī́m)
the Earth
उत (utá)
and
द्याम् (dyā́m)
the sky, heaven
मि॒त्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra
कृ॒ष्टीः (kr̥ṣṭī́ḥ)
people, communities, mankind
अनि॑मिषा (ánimiṣā)
without blinking, sleeplessly
अभि (abhí)
towards, upon
चष्टे (caṣṭe)
sees, beholds
मि॒त्राय (mitrā́ya)
to Mitra
हव्यं (havyám)
offering, oblation
घृ॒तव॑त् (ghr̥távat)
mixed with ghee, clarified butter
जुहोत (juhota)
offer, sacrifice (imperative, plural)
Stanza 3.59.2
प्र स मि॑त्र॒ मर्तो॑ अस्तु॒ प्रय॑स्वा॒न्यस्त॑ आदित्य॒ शिक्ष॑ति व्र॒तेन॑ | न ह॑न्यते॒ न जी॑यते॒ त्वोतो॒ नैन॒मंहो॑ अश्नो॒त्यन्ति॑तो॒ न दू॒रात् ||
prá sá mitra márto astu práyasvān yás ta āditya śíkṣati vraténa ná hanyate ná jīyate tvóto naínam áṁho aśnoty ántito ná dūrā́t
Let that person be the foremost, O Mitra, who brings you sustenance and strives to follow your law. O Āditya, one who follows your command. Protected by you, they are never defeated or overcome. No trouble reaches them, whether from near or far.
This verse describes the ideal follower of Mitra, stating that anyone who brings offerings to Mitra and diligently follows his divine law (vratam) will be foremost and blessed. Such a person, protected by Mitra (as an Āditya), will never be defeated or harmed, remaining safe from any trouble, whether near or far.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र स मि॒त्र मर्तः अस्तु प्रय॑स्वान prá sá mitra mártaḥ astu práyasvān (11 syllables)
- B. यः ते आ॒दि॒त्य शिक्षति व्र॒तेन॑ yáḥ te āditya śíkṣati vraténa (11 syllables)
- C. न हन्यते न जीयते त्वोतो ná hanyate ná jīyate tvótaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. न एनं अंहः अश्नोति अन्ति॑त न दूरात् ná enam áṃhaḥ aśnoti ántitas ná dūrā́t (12 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth, forward
स (sá)
he
मि॒त्र (mitra)
O Mitra
मर्तः (mártaḥ)
person, mortal
अस्तु (astu)
let be, may exist
प्रय॑स्वान (práyasvān)
one who provides food, liberal
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
ते (te)
to you
आ॒दि॒त्य (āditya)
O Āditya (a celestial deity, often referring to Mitra)
शिक्षति (śíkṣati)
strives for, desires, obeys
व्र॒तेन॑ (vraténa)
by vow, by sacred law, by observance
न (ná)
nor
हन्यते (hanyate)
is killed, is slain
न (ná)
nor
जीयते (jīyate)
is conquered, is overcome
त्वोतो (tvótaḥ)
protected by you
न (ná)
nor
एनं (enam)
him
अंहः (áṃhaḥ)
distress, misfortune, trouble
अश्नोति (aśnoti)
reaches, attains
अन्ति॑त (ántitas)
nearby, from close by
न (ná)
nor
दूरात् (dūrā́t)
from afar, from a distance
Stanza 3.59.3
अ॒न॒मी॒वास॒ इळ॑या॒ मद॑न्तो मि॒तज्ञ॑वो॒ वरि॑म॒न्ना पृ॑थि॒व्याः | आ॒दि॒त्यस्य॑ व्र॒तमु॑पक्षि॒यन्तो॑ व॒यं मि॒त्रस्य॑ सुम॒तौ स्या॑म ||
anamīvā́sa íḷayā mádanto mitájñavo várimann ā́ pr̥thivyā́ḥ ādityásya vratám upakṣiyánto vayám mitrásya sumataú syāma
Healthy and joyful with sacred food, celebrating, with knees firmly planted on the vastness of the Earth, diligently following the Āditya's rule. May we live in Mitra's good grace.
This verse describes devotees who are healthy and joyful, celebrating with sacred food ('ila'). They maintain a steady posture on the earth and diligently follow the ordinances of the Āditya (Mitra). The stanza expresses a collective wish to remain in Mitra's good favor and grace.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अनामी॑वा॒सः इ॒लया मद॑न्तः anamīvā́saḥ íḷayā mádantaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. मि॒तज्ञ॑वः वरि॒मन आ पृथि॒व्याः mitájñavaḥ váriman ā́ pr̥thivyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. आ॒दि॒त्यस्य व्र॒तमु उपक्षि॒यन्तः ādityásya vratám upakṣiyántaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. व॒यं मि॒त्रस्य सु॒म॒तौ स्या॑म vayám mitrásya sumataú syāma (11 syllables)
अनामी॑वा॒सः (anamīvā́saḥ)
free from illness, healthy
इ॒लया (íḷayā)
with sacred food, with sustenance
मद॑न्तः (mádantaḥ)
rejoicing, celebrating
मि॒तज्ञ॑वः (mitájñavaḥ)
keeping within limits, restrained (referring to posture or conduct)
वरि॒मन (váriman)
expanse, breadth
आ (ā́)
on, upon
पृथि॒व्याः (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the Earth
आ॒दि॒त्यस्य (ādityásya)
of the Āditya (Mitra)
व्र॒तमु (vratám)
rule, observance, law
उपक्षि॒यन्तः (upakṣiyántaḥ)
dwelling near, closely following
व॒यं (vayám)
we
मि॒त्रस्य (mitrásya)
of Mitra
सु॒म॒तौ (sumataú)
in good thought, in good will
स्या॑म (syāma)
may we be
Stanza 3.59.4
अ॒यं मि॒त्रो न॑म॒स्यः॑ सु॒शेवो॒ राजा॑ सुक्ष॒त्रो अ॑जनिष्ट वे॒धाः | तस्य॑ व॒यं सु॑म॒तौ य॒ज्ञिय॒स्यापि॑ भ॒द्रे सौ॑मन॒से स्या॑म ||
ayám mitró namasyàḥ suśévo rā́jā sukṣatró ajaniṣṭa vedhā́ḥ tásya vayáṁ sumataú yajñíyasyā́pi bhadré saumanasé syāma
This Mitra, to be honored, benevolent, a king with great power, was born as the arranger. May we be in his good favor, and in his blessed, kind disposition.
This verse introduces Mitra as a divine king who is worthy of worship, benevolent, and possesses excellent dominion. He is described as a 'Veda,' implying one who knows or arranges. The stanza expresses a desire to reside in his favorable disposition and good graces.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अयं मि॒त्रः नम॒स्यः सु॒शेवः ayám mitráḥ namasyàḥ suśévaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. राजा सुक्ष॒त्रः अजनिष्ट वे॒धाः rā́jā sukṣatráḥ ajaniṣṭa vedhā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तस्य व॒यं सु॒म॒तौ य॒ज्ञिय॒स्य tásya vayám sumataú yajñíyasya (11 syllables)
- D. अपि भ॒द्रे सौमन॒से स्या॑म ápi bhadré saumanasé syāma (11 syllables)
अयं (ayám)
this
मि॒त्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra
नम॒स्यः (namasyàḥ)
worthy of worship, to be revered
सु॒शेवः (suśévaḥ)
very gracious, benevolent, helpful
राजा (rā́jā)
king
सुक्ष॒त्रः (sukṣatráḥ)
having good dominion, powerful
अजनिष्ट (ajaniṣṭa)
was born, was created
वे॒धाः (vedhā́ḥ)
arranger, disposer, creator (related to knowledge)
तस्य (tásya)
his
व॒यं (vayám)
we
सु॒म॒तौ (sumataú)
in good thought, in good will
य॒ज्ञिय॒स्य (yajñíyasya)
worthy of worship, divine
अपि (ápi)
even, also
भ॒द्रे (bhadré)
in auspiciousness, in good fortune
सौमन॒से (saumanasé)
in good disposition, in happiness
स्या॑म (syāma)
may we be
Stanza 3.59.5
म॒हाँ आ॑दि॒त्यो नम॑सोप॒सद्यो॑ यात॒यज्ज॑नो गृण॒ते सु॒शेवः॑ | तस्मा॑ ए॒तत्पन्य॑तमाय॒ जुष्ट॑म॒ग्नौ मि॒त्राय॑ ह॒विरा जु॑होत ||
mahā́m̐ ādityó námasopasádyo yātayájjano gr̥ṇaté suśévaḥ tásmā etát pányatamāya júṣṭam agnaú mitrā́ya havír ā́ juhota
The great Āditya, to be approached with reverence, who energizes people and is gracious to the praiser. To him, the most praiseworthy Mitra, offer this pleasing oblation in the fire.
This verse extols Mitra as the great Āditya, who is approached with reverence and who invigorates people. He is particularly gracious to those who praise him. The stanza instructs the listeners to offer him, the most praiseworthy Mitra, a pleasing oblation in the fire.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. म॒हाँ आ॒दि॒त्यो नम॒सा उप॒सद्यो mahā́n ādityáḥ námasā upasádyaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यात॒यज्ज॑नः गृ॒ण॒ते सु॒शेवः yātayájjanaḥ gr̥ṇaté suśévaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तस्मा ए॒तत् प॒न्य॒तमाय जु॒ष्टं tásmai etát pányatamāya júṣṭam (11 syllables)
- D. अ॒ग्नौ मि॒त्राय ह॒विः आ जुहोत agnaú mitrā́ya havíḥ ā́ juhota (11 syllables)
म॒हाँ (mahā́n)
great
आ॒दि॒त्यो (ādityáḥ)
the Āditya (a celestial being, often Mitra)
नम॒सा (námasā)
with reverence, with salutation
उप॒सद्यो (upasádyaḥ)
to be approached, to be attended
यात॒यज्ज॑नः (yātayájjanaḥ)
one who stirs up people, impeller of mankind
गृ॒ण॒ते (gr̥ṇaté)
to the singer, to the one who praises
सु॒शेवः (suśévaḥ)
very gracious, benevolent
तस्मा (tásmai)
to him
ए॒तत् (etát)
this
प॒न्य॒तमाय (pányatamāya)
to the most praiseworthy, to the most excellent
जु॒ष्टं (júṣṭam)
pleasing, acceptable
अ॒ग्नौ (agnaú)
in the fire
मि॒त्राय (mitrā́ya)
to Mitra
ह॒विः (havíḥ)
oblation, offering
आ (ā́)
towards, into
जुहोत (juhota)
offer, sacrifice (imperative, plural)
Stanza 3.59.6
मि॒त्रस्य॑ चर्षणी॒धृतोऽवो॑ दे॒वस्य॑ सान॒सि | द्यु॒म्नं चि॒त्रश्र॑वस्तमम् ||
mitrásya carṣaṇīdhŕ̥tó 'vo devásya sānasí dyumnáṁ citráśravastamam
The grace of Mitra, the divine supporter of mankind, brings wealth and the most brilliant splendor and fame.
This verse highlights Mitra's beneficial grace, describing him as the divine supporter of humanity. This grace brings prosperity and unparalleled fame and splendor, emphasizing Mitra's powerful and beneficent influence.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. मि॒त्रस्य चर्षणी॒धृतो mitrásya carṣaṇīdhŕ̥taḥ (8 syllables)
- B. अवः दे॒वस्य सान॒सि ávaḥ devásya sānasí (8 syllables)
- C. द्यु॒म्नं चि॒त्रश्र॑वस्तमम् dyumnám citráśravastamam (8 syllables)
मि॒त्रस्य (mitrásya)
of Mitra
चर्षणी॒धृतो (carṣaṇīdhŕ̥taḥ)
supporter of mankind, sustainer of people
अवः (ávaḥ)
grace, protection, favor
दे॒वस्य (devásya)
of the divine being
सान॒सि (sānasí)
bringing gain, productive
द्यु॒म्नं (dyumnám)
splendor, glory, power
चि॒त्रश्र॑वस्तमम् (citráśravastamam)
having the most wonderful fame, most glorious
Stanza 3.59.7
अ॒भि यो म॑हि॒ना दिवं॑ मि॒त्रो ब॒भूव॑ स॒प्रथाः॑ | अ॒भि श्रवो॑भिः पृथि॒वीम् ||
abhí yó mahinā́ dívam mitró babhū́va sapráthāḥ abhí śrávobhiḥ pr̥thivī́m
Mitra, by his greatness, has become widespread. He surpasses the sky in greatness and the Earth in fame.
This verse describes Mitra's immense greatness, stating that his glory extends everywhere. He surpasses the heavens in his magnificence and the earth in his renown, portraying him as a deity of cosmic scale and influence.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अभि यः महि॒ना दिवं abhí yáḥ mahinā́ dívam (8 syllables)
- B. मि॒त्रः ब॒भूव स॒प्रथाः mitráḥ babhū́va sapráthāḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अभि श्रवो॑भिः पृथि॒वीम् abhí śrávobhiḥ pr̥thivī́m (8 syllables)
अभि (abhí)
exceeding, surpassing
यः (yáḥ)
who
महि॒ना (mahinā́)
by greatness, by might
दिवं (dívam)
the sky, heaven
मि॒त्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra
ब॒भूव (babhū́va)
has become, has been
स॒प्रथाः (sapráthāḥ)
widespread, far-reaching
अभि (abhí)
exceeding, surpassing
श्रवो॑भिः (śrávobhiḥ)
by renown, by fame
पृथि॒वीम् (pr̥thivī́m)
the Earth
Stanza 3.59.8
मि॒त्राय॒ पञ्च॑ येमिरे॒ जना॑ अ॒भिष्टि॑शवसे | स दे॒वान्विश्वा॑न्बिभर्ति ||
mitrā́ya páñca yemire jánā abhíṣṭiśavase sá devā́n víśvān bibharti
The five peoples have submitted to Mitra, who is ever-strong to aid. He indeed sustains all the gods.
This verse states that all five classes of people ('jana') have submitted to Mitra, who is ever-powerful and ready to assist. It emphasizes Mitra's role in sustaining all the gods, highlighting his supreme importance in the cosmic order.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. मि॒त्राय पञ्च येमिरे mitrā́ya páñca yemire (8 syllables)
- B. जना॑ अभि॑ष्टि॒शवसे jánāḥ abhíṣṭiśavase (8 syllables)
- C. स दे॒वान् विश्वा॑न बिभर्ति sá devā́n víśvān bibharti (8 syllables)
मि॒त्राय (mitrā́ya)
to Mitra
पञ्च (páñca)
five
येमिरे (yemire)
submitted, yielded, resorted to
जना॑ (jánāḥ)
people, communities
अभि॑ष्टि॒शवसे (abhíṣṭiśavase)
to the one who aids with strength, to the strong helper
स (sá)
he
दे॒वान् (devā́n)
the gods
विश्वा॑न (víśvān)
all
बिभर्ति (bibharti)
sustains, supports, carries
Stanza 3.59.9
मि॒त्रो दे॒वेष्वा॒युषु॒ जना॑य वृ॒क्तब॑र्हिषे | इष॑ इ॒ष्टव्र॑ता अकः ||
mitró devéṣv āyúṣu jánāya vr̥ktábarhiṣe íṣa iṣṭávratā akaḥ
Mitra provides food for the gods, for people, and for him who arranges the sacred grass, fulfilling firm vows.
This verse explains Mitra's function: he provides sustenance ('isha') and fulfills vows ('ishtavrata') for the gods, for living beings, and specifically for those who prepare the sacrificial altar ('vrkta-barhis'). This highlights Mitra's role as a provider and a keeper of sacred order.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. मि॒त्रः दे॒वेष्वा आ॒युषु mitráḥ devéṣu āyúṣu (8 syllables)
- B. जना॑य वृ॒क्तब॑र्हिषे jánāya vr̥ktábarhiṣe (8 syllables)
- C. इष इ॒ष्टव्र॑ताः अकः íṣaḥ iṣṭávratāḥ akar (8 syllables)
मि॒त्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra
दे॒वेष्वा (devéṣu)
among the gods
आ॒युषु (āyúṣu)
among living beings, in lives
जना॑य (jánāya)
for the people
वृ॒क्तब॑र्हिषे (vr̥ktábarhiṣe)
for him who strews the sacrificial grass
इष (íṣaḥ)
food, nourishment
इ॒ष्टव्र॑ताः (iṣṭávratāḥ)
with fulfilled vows, with fixed observances
अकः (akar)
made, did, provided