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Stanza 3.49.1
शंसा॑ म॒हामिन्द्रं॒ यस्मि॒न्विश्वा॒ आ कृ॒ष्टयः॑ सोम॒पाः काम॒मव्य॑न् | यं सु॒क्रतुं॑ धि॒षणे॑ विभ्वत॒ष्टं घ॒नं वृ॒त्राणां॑ ज॒नय॑न्त दे॒वाः ||
śáṁsā mahā́m índraṁ yásmin víśvā ā́ kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ somapā́ḥ kā́mam ávyan yáṁ sukrátuṁ dhiṣáṇe vibhvataṣṭáṁ ghanáṁ vr̥trā́ṇāṁ janáyanta devā́ḥ
Let's sing praises to the great Indra! In him, all communities that drink Soma find their desires met. The gods, with their divine skills, crafted him, so wise and powerful, to crush the Vritras.
This verse is a powerful invocation to Indra, the king of the gods. It highlights his greatness, stating that all human communities who drink Soma (a sacred ritual drink) find their desires fulfilled through him. Indra is described as incredibly wise and skillfully crafted by the gods themselves, destined to defeat powerful enemies, the Vritras, who symbolize obstacles and darkness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शंसा महामिन्द्रं इन्द्रं यस्मिन् विश्वा śáṃsa + mahā́m índram yásmin víśvāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. आ कृष्टयः सोमपाः काममव्यन् अव्यन् ā́ kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ somapā́ḥ kā́mam ávyan (11 syllables)
- C. यं सुक्रतुं धिषणे विभ्वतष्टं yám sukrátum dhiṣáṇe vibhvataṣṭám (11 syllables)
- D. घनं वृत्राणां जनयन्त देवाः ghanám vr̥trā́ṇām janáyanta devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
शंसा (śáṃsa +)
Sing, praise, declare
महामिन्द्रं (mahā́m)
Great
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra (king of gods, god of thunder and rain)
यस्मिन् (yásmin)
In whom
विश्वा (víśvāḥ)
All
आ (ā́)
Towards, to
कृष्टयः (kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ)
People, communities, mankind
सोमपाः (somapā́ḥ)
Soma-drinkers
काममव्यन् (kā́mam)
Desire, longing
अव्यन् (ávyan)
Fulfilled, reached
यं (yám)
Whom
सुक्रतुं (sukrátum)
Wise, skillful, intelligent
धिषणे (dhiṣáṇe)
By wisdom, by intellect (often refers to Saraswati or divine intelligence)
विभ्वतष्टं (vibhvataṣṭám)
Skillfully fashioned, artfully made
घनं (ghanám)
Crusher, smasher
वृत्राणां (vr̥trā́ṇām)
Of the Vritras (demons of drought and obstruction)
जनयन्त (janáyanta)
Giving birth to, creating, engendering
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
Gods
Stanza 3.49.2
यं नु नकिः॒ पृत॑नासु स्व॒राजं॑ द्वि॒ता तर॑ति॒ नृत॑मं हरि॒ष्ठाम् | इ॒नत॑मः॒ सत्व॑भि॒र्यो ह॑ शू॒षैः पृ॑थु॒ज्रया॑ अमिना॒दायु॒र्दस्योः॑ ||
yáṁ nú nákiḥ pŕ̥tanāsu svarā́jaṁ dvitā́ tárati nŕ̥tamaṁ hariṣṭhā́m inátamaḥ sátvabhir yó ha śūṣaíḥ pr̥thujráyā aminād ā́yur dásyoḥ
Truly, no one can defeat him in battles when he's in his full, self-ruling glory! He's the most heroic, reaching far, and with his powerful warriors, he shortens the lives of the Dasyus.
This stanza praises Indra's might in battle. It emphasizes that no one can overcome him when he is in his self-ruling power during conflicts. He is described as the most heroic, swift, and powerful, capable of shortening the lives of his enemies, the Dasyus (often interpreted as indigenous people or enemies of the Vedic people), with his brave warriors.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यं नु नकिः पृतनासु स्वराजं yám nú nákiḥ pŕ̥tanāsu svarā́jam (11 syllables)
- B. द्विता तरति नृतमं हरिष्ठाम् dvitā́ tárati nŕ̥tamam hariṣṭhā́m (11 syllables)
- C. इणततमः सत्वभिः यः ह शूषैः inátamaḥ sátvabhiḥ yáḥ ha śūṣaíḥ (11 syllables)
- D. पृ्थुज्रयाः अमिनादायु आयुः दस्योः pr̥thujráyāḥ amināt ā́yuḥ dásyoḥ (11 syllables)
यं (yám)
Whom
नु (nú)
Indeed, now
नकिः (nákiḥ)
No one
पृतनासु (pŕ̥tanāsu)
In battles, in fights
स्वराजं (svarā́jam)
Self-ruling, sovereign
द्विता (dvitā́)
In two ways, verily
तरति (tárati)
Crosses over, overcomes, surpasses
नृतमं (nŕ̥tamam)
Most heroic, bravest
हरिष्ठाम् (hariṣṭhā́m)
Borne by tawny horses (referring to Indra's steeds)
इणततमः (inátamaḥ)
Most vigorous, most powerful, reaching furthest
सत्वभिः (sátvabhiḥ)
With heroes, with warriors
यः (yáḥ)
Who
ह (ha)
Indeed, certainly
शूषैः (śūṣaíḥ)
With strength, with power
पृ्थुज्रयाः (pr̥thujráyāḥ)
With broad or extensive power/command
अमिनादायु (amināt)
Destroyed, crushed, rendered powerless
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
Life, lifespan
दस्योः (dásyoḥ)
Of the Dasyu (an enemy, often representing non-Vedic people or forces of darkness)
Stanza 3.49.3
स॒हावा॑ पृ॒त्सु त॒रणि॒र्नार्वा॑ व्यान॒शी रोद॑सी मे॒हना॑वान् | भगो॒ न का॒रे हव्यो॑ मती॒नां पि॒तेव॒ चारुः॑ सु॒हवो॑ वयो॒धाः ||
sahā́vā pr̥tsú taráṇir nā́rvā vyānaśī́ ródasī mehánāvān bhágo ná kāré hávyo matīnā́m pitéva cā́ruḥ suhávo vayodhā́ḥ
He is a victor in battles, moving fast like a swift horse, and his influence spans the sky and earth. He showers blessings! Like the god Bhaga, he is called upon in conflict. He's the father of hymns, beautiful, easy to invoke, and a giver of strength.
This verse continues to laud Indra, describing him as a powerful victor in battles who moves swiftly like a swift horse. He is pervasive, reaching across both heaven and earth, and is a bestower of blessings. He is invoked in times of conflict, comparable to the god Bhaga (god of fortune), and is seen as a father of hymns and a source of strength, always ready to grant requests.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सहावा पृत्सु तऱणिः न अर्वा sahā́vā pr̥tsú taráṇiḥ ná árvā (11 syllables)
- B. व्यानशी रोदसी मेहनवान् vyānaśíḥ ródasī mehánāvān (11 syllables)
- C. भगो न कारे हव्यो मतीनां bhágaḥ ná kāré hávyaḥ matīnā́m (11 syllables)
- D. पितेव इव चारुः सुहवो वयोधाः pitā́ iva cā́ruḥ suhávaḥ vayodhā́ḥ (11 syllables)
सहावा (sahā́vā)
All-sustaining, powerful companion
पृत्सु (pr̥tsú)
In battles, in fights
तऱणिः (taráṇiḥ)
Swift, moving quickly, overcoming
न (ná)
Like, as
अर्वा (árvā)
Swift horse, racer
व्यानशी (vyānaśíḥ)
Pervading, spreading through
रोदसी (ródasī)
The two worlds (heaven and earth)
मेहनवान् (mehánāvān)
Bestowing abundantly, rainer down (of blessings)
भगो (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (god of fortune and distribution)
न (ná)
Like, as
कारे (kāré)
In the act, in the doing
हव्यो (hávyaḥ)
To be invoked, worthy of invocation
मतीनां (matīnā́m)
Of praises, of thoughts, of hymns
पितेव (pitā́)
Father
इव (iva)
Like, as
चारुः (cā́ruḥ)
Beautiful, fair, lovely
सुहवो (suhávaḥ)
Easy to invoke, readily accessible
वयोधाः (vayodhā́ḥ)
Giver of strength, bestower of vigor
Stanza 3.49.4
ध॒र्ता दि॒वो रज॑सस्पृ॒ष्ट ऊ॒र्ध्वो रथो॒ न वा॒युर्वसु॑भिर्नि॒युत्वा॑न् | क्ष॒पां व॒स्ता ज॑नि॒ता सूर्य॑स्य॒ विभ॑क्ता भा॒गं धि॒षणे॑व॒ वाज॑म् ||
dhartā́ divó rájasas pr̥ṣṭá ūrdhvó rátho ná vāyúr vásubhir niyútvān kṣapā́ṁ vastā́ janitā́ sū́ryasya víbhaktā bhāgáṁ dhiṣáṇeva vā́jam
He supports the sky and the atmosphere, standing tall! His chariot is like the wind, pulled by the Vasus. He lights up the nights and creates the sun. Just like a wise distributor, he shares out wealth and energy.
Indra is depicted here as the sustainer of the sky and the atmosphere, standing firm and high. His chariot is compared to the wind, yoked with the Vasus (a class of deities). He is the illuminator of the nights and the creator of the sun. Like a wise distributor (Dhiṣaṇā), he shares out wealth and sustenance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. धर्ता दिवो रजसस्पृष्ट पृष्ट ऊर्ध्वो dhartā́ diváḥ rájasaḥ pr̥ṣṭáḥ ūrdhváḥ (11 syllables)
- B. रथो न वायुर्वसुभिर् वसुभिः नियुत्वान् ráthaḥ ná vāyúḥ vásubhiḥ niyútvān (11 syllables)
- C. क्षपां वस्ता जनिता सूर्यस्य kṣapā́m vastā́ janitā́ sū́ryasya (11 syllables)
- D. विभक्ता भागं धिषणेव इव वाजं víbhaktā bhāgám dhiṣáṇā iva vā́jam (11 syllables)
धर्ता (dhartā́)
Supporter, sustainer
दिवो (diváḥ)
Of the sky, of heaven
रजसस्पृष्ट (rájasaḥ)
Of the atmosphere, of the sky-region
पृष्ट (pr̥ṣṭáḥ)
Touched, reached, supported (here implies supported by)
ऊर्ध्वो (ūrdhváḥ)
High, elevated, upright
रथो (ráthaḥ)
Chariot
न (ná)
Like, as
वायुर्वसुभिर् (vāyúḥ)
Wind, air
वसुभिः (vásubhiḥ)
With the Vasus (a class of deities)
नियुत्वान् (niyútvān)
Yoked, harnessed (with teams)
क्षपां (kṣapā́m)
Of the nights
वस्ता (vastā́)
Clother, illuminator
जनिता (janitā́)
Creator, begetter
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
Of the sun
विभक्ता (víbhaktā)
Divider, distributor
भागं (bhāgám)
Portion, share, wealth
धिषणेव (dhiṣáṇā)
Dhiṣaṇā (goddess of speech, wisdom, or a wise distributor)
इव (iva)
Like, as
वाजं (vā́jam)
Food, sustenance, strength, prize
Stanza 3.49.5
शु॒नं हु॑वेम म॒घवा॑न॒मिन्द्र॑म॒स्मिन्भरे॒ नृत॑मं॒ वाज॑सातौ | शृ॒ण्वन्त॑मु॒ग्रमू॒तये॑ स॒मत्सु॒ घ्नन्तं॑ वृ॒त्राणि॑ सं॒जितं॒ धना॑नाम् ||
śunáṁ huvema maghávānam índram asmín bháre nŕ̥tamaṁ vā́jasātau śr̥ṇvántam ugrám ūtáye samátsu ghnántaṁ vr̥trā́ṇi saṁjítaṁ dhánānām
Let's call upon the wealthy Indra for good fortune! He's the greatest hero when we're fighting for riches. We call upon the mighty Indra for help, the one who listens, protects in battles, defeats the Vritras, and wins all treasures.
This verse is a direct call to invoke Indra, wishing for auspiciousness and prosperity. He is identified as 'Maghavan' (the wealthy one), the best hero in the crucial moment of gaining riches. Indra is described as powerful ('ugra'), attentive to prayers, and a protector who aids in battles. He is the one who defeats the Vritras, conquers enemies, and accumulates wealth.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शुणं हुवेम मघवानमिन्द्रं इन्द्रं śunám huvema maghávānam índram (11 syllables)
- B. अस्मिन् भरे नृतमं वाजसातौ asmín bháre nŕ̥tamam vā́jasātau (11 syllables)
- C. शृण्वन्तं उग्रमूितये ऊतये समत्सु śr̥ṇvántam ugrám ūtáye samátsu (11 syllables)
- D. घ्नन्तं वृत्राणि संजितं धनानां ghnántam vr̥trā́ṇi saṃjítam dhánānām (11 syllables)
शुणं (śunám)
Auspicious, fortunate, beneficial
हुवेम (huvema)
Let us call, let us invoke
मघवानमिन्द्रं (maghávānam)
The wealthy, the bountiful (epithet of Indra)
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
अस्मिन् (asmín)
In this
भरे (bháre)
In the fight, in the struggle, in battle
नृतमं (nŕ̥tamam)
Most heroic, best hero
वाजसातौ (vā́jasātau)
In gaining wealth, in the acquisition of riches
शृण्वन्तं (śr̥ṇvántam)
Hearing, listening
उग्रमूितये (ugrám)
Mighty, powerful, fierce
ऊतये (ūtáye)
For aid, for help, for protection
समत्सु (samátsu)
In battles, in assemblies, in conflicts
घ्नन्तं (ghnántam)
Slaying, killing
वृत्राणि (vr̥trā́ṇi)
The Vritras (obstacles, demons of drought)
संजितं (saṃjítam)
Conquering, victorious
धनानां (dhánānām)
Of treasures, of riches, of wealth