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Stanza 3.39.1
इन्द्रं॑ म॒तिर्हृ॒द आ व॒च्यमा॒नाच्छा॒ पतिं॒ स्तोम॑तष्टा जिगाति | या जागृ॑विर्वि॒दथे॑ श॒स्यमा॒नेन्द्र॒ यत्ते॒ जाय॑ते वि॒द्धि तस्य॑ ||
índram matír hr̥dá ā́ vacyámānā́chā pátiṁ stómataṣṭā jigāti yā́ jā́gr̥vir vidáthe śasyámānéndra yát te jā́yate viddhí tásya
Our thoughts, reaching from our hearts, are speaking out to Indra, the Lord! Praises, built with devotion, fly towards him. This hymn, awake and sung in the assembly, recognizes whatever is born for you, O Indra.
This hymn begins with a heartfelt declaration, stating that thoughts and praises are directed towards Indra, the supreme Lord. It emphasizes that whatever arises for him, especially when he is awake and celebrated in gatherings, should be recognized and understood.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इन्द्रम् मतिः हृदात् आ वच्यमाना índram matíḥ hr̥dáḥ ā́ vacyámānā (11 syllables)
- B. अछ पतिम् स्तोमतष्टा जिगाति ácha + pátim stómataṣṭā jigāti (11 syllables)
- C. या जागृविः विदथे शस्यमाना yā́ jā́gr̥viḥ vidáthe śasyámānā (11 syllables)
- D. इन्द्र यत् ते जायते विद्धि तस्य índra yát te jā́yate viddhí tásya (11 syllables)
इन्द्रम् (índram)
Indra (the king of the gods)
मतिः (matíḥ)
thought, devotion
हृदात् (hr̥dáḥ)
from the heart
आ (ā́)
towards
वच्यमाना (vacyámānā)
being spoken, declared
अछ (ácha +)
towards
पतिम् (pátim)
lord, master
स्तोमतष्टा (stómataṣṭā)
praise-adorned, built with praise
जिगाति (jigāti)
goes, proceeds
या (yā́)
which
जागृविः (jā́gr̥viḥ)
awakening, vigilant
विदथे (vidáthe)
in the assembly, in the knowledge
शस्यमाना (śasyámānā)
being sung, proclaimed
इन्द्र (índra)
O Indra
यत् (yát)
what
ते (te)
for you
जायते (jā́yate)
is born, arises
विद्धि (viddhí)
know, understand
तस्य (tásya)
of that
Stanza 3.39.2
दि॒वश्चि॒दा पू॒र्व्या जाय॑माना॒ वि जागृ॑विर्वि॒दथे॑ श॒स्यमा॑ना | भ॒द्रा वस्त्रा॒ण्यर्जु॑ना॒ वसा॑ना॒ सेयम॒स्मे स॑न॒जा पित्र्या॒ धीः ||
diváś cid ā́ pūrvyā́ jā́yamānā ví jā́gr̥vir vidáthe śasyámānā bhadrā́ vástrāṇy árjunā vásānā séyám asmé sanajā́ pítryā dhī́ḥ
Born even from the sky in ancient times, this ancient wisdom awakens and resounds in the assembly, wearing beautiful, shining clothes. This is our ancestral understanding.
This verse speaks of something ancient and powerful, born even from the sky in early times. It's described as awakening and singing loudly in gatherings, beautifully adorned in bright clothes. This refers to the wisdom or tradition that belongs to our ancestors.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दिवः चिद् आ पूर्व्या जायमाना diváḥ cit ā́ pūrvyā́ jā́yamānā (11 syllables)
- B. वि जागृविः विदथे शस्यमाना ví jā́gr̥viḥ vidáthe śasyámānā (11 syllables)
- C. भद्रा वस्त्राणि अर्जुना वसाना bhadrā́ vástrāṇi árjunā vásānā (11 syllables)
- D. सा इयम् अस्मे सनजा पित्र्या धीः sā́ iyám asmé sanajā́ pítryā dhī́ḥ (11 syllables)
दिवः (diváḥ)
from the sky
चिद् (cit)
even
आ (ā́)
up
पूर्व्या (pūrvyā́)
ancient
जायमाना (jā́yamānā)
being born
वि (ví)
fully, clearly
जागृविः (jā́gr̥viḥ)
awakening
विदथे (vidáthe)
in the assembly, in knowledge
शस्यमाना (śasyámānā)
being sung, proclaimed
भद्रा (bhadrā́)
auspicious, beautiful
वस्त्राणि (vástrāṇi)
garments, clothes
अर्जुना (árjunā)
shining, white
वसाना (vásānā)
wearing
सा (sā́)
that
इयम् (iyám)
this
अस्मे (asmé)
for us
सनजा (sanajā́)
long-existing, ancient
पित्र्या (pítryā)
ancestral, of the fathers
धीः (dhī́ḥ)
thought, wisdom, hymn
Stanza 3.39.3
य॒मा चि॒दत्र॑ यम॒सूर॑सूत जि॒ह्वाया॒ अग्रं॒ पत॒दा ह्यस्था॑त् | वपूं॑षि जा॒ता मि॑थु॒ना स॑चेते तमो॒हना॒ तपु॑षो बु॒ध्न एता॑ ||
yamā́ cid átra yamasū́r asūta jihvā́yā ágram pátad ā́ hy ásthāt vápūṁṣi jātā́ mithunā́ sacete tamohánā tápuṣo budhná étā
The mother of the twins gave birth to them here. The tip of my tongue, stirred, fell silent. They, born as a pair, vanquish darkness and emerge beautifully from the source of light.
This verse describes the birth of twins, likely referring to the dawn and the sun, or possibly the divine twins (Ashvins). Their mother, who is associated with the sky or the heavens, gives birth to them. The poem suggests that even our speech or the tip of our tongue is involved, and these newly born entities, having dispelled darkness, shine brightly.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यमा चिद् अत्र यमसूः असूता yamā́ cit átra yamasū́ḥ asūta (11 syllables)
- B. जिह्वायाः अग्रं पतत् आ हि अस्थात् jihvā́yāḥ ágram pátat ā́ hí ásthāt (11 syllables)
- C. वपूंषि जाता मिथुना सचेते vápūṃṣi jātā́ mithunā́ sacete (11 syllables)
- D. तमोहना तपुषः बुध्न एता tamohánā tápuṣaḥ budhné étā (11 syllables)
यमा (yamā́)
twins
चिद् (cit)
even
अत्र (átra)
here
यमसूः (yamasū́ḥ)
mother of twins
असूता (asūta)
gave birth
जिह्वायाः (jihvā́yāḥ)
of the tongue
अग्रं (ágram)
tip
पतत् (pátat)
falling
आ (ā́)
up
हि (hí)
indeed
अस्थात् (ásthāt)
stood, rested
वपूंषि (vápūṃṣi)
bodies, forms
जाता (jātā́)
born
मिथुना (mithunā́)
as a pair, twin
सचेते (sacete)
join together, come together
तमोहना (tamohánā)
darkness-destroying
तपुषः (tápuṣaḥ)
of heat, of light
बुध्न (budhné)
at the base, on the foundation
एता (étā)
attaining, reaching
Stanza 3.39.4
नकि॑रेषां निन्दि॒ता मर्त्ये॑षु॒ ये अ॒स्माकं॑ पि॒तरो॒ गोषु॑ यो॒धाः | इन्द्र॑ एषां दृंहि॒ता माहि॑नावा॒नुद्गो॒त्राणि॑ ससृजे दं॒सना॑वान् ||
nákir eṣāṁ ninditā́ mártyeṣu yé asmā́kam pitáro góṣu yodhā́ḥ índra eṣāṁ dr̥ṁhitā́ mā́hināvān úd gotrā́ṇi sasr̥je daṁsánāvān
No mortal among us finds fault with these ancestors of ours, the warriors among the cows. Indra was their mighty supporter, the one who, with his powers, established their prosperity.
This verse praises Indra as the protector of a group of ancestors or forefathers who fought bravely, especially for cattle. It states that no mortal could find fault with them. Indra's strength and presence were their support, and he was the one who established their wealth and prosperity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. नकिः एषाम् निदिता मर्त्येषु nákiḥ eṣām ninditā́ mártyeṣu (11 syllables)
- B. ये अस्माकम् पितरः गोषु योधाः yé asmā́kam pitáraḥ góṣu yodhā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रः एषाम् दृंहिता माहिनावा índraḥ eṣām dr̥ṃhitā́ mā́hināvān (11 syllables)
- D. उत् गोत्राणि ससृजे दंसनावा út gotrā́ṇi sasr̥je daṃsánāvān (11 syllables)
नकिः (nákiḥ)
no one
एषाम् (eṣām)
of them
निदिता (ninditā́)
blamed, blamed one
मर्त्येषु (mártyeṣu)
among mortals
ये (yé)
who
अस्माकम् (asmā́kam)
of us
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
fathers, ancestors
गोषु (góṣu)
among cows, in the context of cattle
योधाः (yodhā́ḥ)
warriors, fighters
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
एषाम् (eṣām)
of them
दृंहिता (dr̥ṃhitā́)
strengthened, fortified
माहिनावा (mā́hināvān)
magnificent, great
उत् (út)
up
गोत्राणि (gotrā́ṇi)
herds, possessions (lit. cow-pens)
ससृजे (sasr̥je)
spread out, created
दंसनावा (daṃsánāvān)
wondrous, skillful
Stanza 3.39.5
सखा॑ ह॒ यत्र॒ सखि॑भि॒र्नव॑ग्वैरभि॒ज्ञ्वा सत्व॑भि॒र्गा अ॑नु॒ग्मन् | स॒त्यं तदिन्द्रो॑ द॒शभि॒र्दश॑ग्वैः॒ सूर्यं॑ विवेद॒ तम॑सि क्षि॒यन्त॑म् ||
sákhā ha yátra sákhibhir návagvair abhijñv ā́ sátvabhir gā́ anugmán satyáṁ tád índro daśábhir dáśagvaiḥ sū́ryaṁ viveda támasi kṣiyántam
When Indra, the friend, along with his friends, the Navagvas, searched for the cows with their strength. Then indeed, Indra, with the Daśagvas, found the Sun, dwelling in darkness.
This verse describes a scene where Indra, acting as a friend, along with his companions (the Navagvas and Daśagvas, possibly representing groups of people or divine beings), searched for the cows. It highlights that Indra, with great effort and skill, ultimately found the Sun hidden within the darkness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सखा ह यत्र सखिभिः नवगैः sákhā ha yátra sákhibhiḥ návagvaiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अभिज्ञू आ सत्वभिः गाः अनुग्मन् abhijñú ā́ sátvabhiḥ gā́ḥ anugmán (11 syllables)
- C. सत्यं तत् इन्द्रः दशभिः दशगैः satyám tát índraḥ daśábhiḥ dáśagvaiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. सूर्यम् विवेद तमसि क्षियन्तम् sū́ryam viveda támasi kṣiyántam (11 syllables)
सखा (sákhā)
friend
ह (ha)
indeed
यत्र (yátra)
where
सखिभिः (sákhibhiḥ)
with friends
नवगैः (návagvaiḥ)
with the Navagvas (a group)
अभिज्ञू (abhijñú)
with knowledge, skillfully
आ (ā́)
towards
सत्वभिः (sátvabhiḥ)
with strength, with heroes
गाः (gā́ḥ)
cows
अनुग्मन् (anugmán)
followed, searched
सत्यं (satyám)
truth
तत् (tát)
that
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
दशभिः (daśábhiḥ)
with ten
दशगैः (dáśagvaiḥ)
with the Daśagvas (a group)
सूर्यम् (sū́ryam)
the Sun
विवेद (viveda)
found, discovered
तमसि (támasi)
in darkness
क्षियन्तम् (kṣiyántam)
dwelling, residing
Stanza 3.39.6
इन्द्रो॒ मधु॒ सम्भृ॑तमु॒स्रिया॑यां प॒द्वद्वि॑वेद श॒फव॒न्नमे॒ गोः | गुहा॑ हि॒तं गुह्यं॑ गू॒ळ्हम॒प्सु हस्ते॑ दधे॒ दक्षि॑णे॒ दक्षि॑णावान् ||
índro mádhu sámbhr̥tam usríyāyām padvád viveda śaphávan náme góḥ gúhā hitáṁ gúhyaṁ gūḷhám apsú háste dadhe dákṣiṇe dákṣiṇāvān
Indra found the collected nectar in the dawn, by hoof and foot, within the cow's domain. Hidden in the waters, concealed and secret, he held it in his right hand, the bestower of blessings.
This verse describes Indra's discovery of a hidden treasure, likely symbolizing divine energy or knowledge, often associated with Soma or nectar. It was found in a place related to cows or the earth, concealed in water, and he then held it securely in his right hand, showcasing his role as a generous bestower.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इन्द्रः मधु सम्भृतम् उस्त्रियायाम् índraḥ mádhu sámbhr̥tam usríyāyām (11 syllables)
- B. पद्वत् विवेद शफवत् नमे गोः padvát viveda śaphávat náme góḥ (11 syllables)
- C. गुहा हितं गुह्यं गूल्हम् अप््सु gúhā hitám gúhyam gūḷhám apsú (11 syllables)
- D. हस्ते दधे दक्षिणे दक्षिणावा háste dadhe dákṣiṇe dákṣiṇāvān (11 syllables)
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
मधु (mádhu)
honey, nectar, mead
सम्भृतम् (sámbhr̥tam)
collected, brought together
उस्त्रियायाम् (usríyāyām)
in the dawn, in the cow's place
पद्वत् (padvát)
by foot
विवेद (viveda)
found, discovered
शफवत् (śaphávat)
by hoof
नमे (náme)
in the place, in the pasture
गोः (góḥ)
of the cow
गुहा (gúhā)
secretly
हितं (hitám)
placed, situated
गुह्यं (gúhyam)
hidden, secret
गूल्हम् (gūḷhám)
concealed
अप््सु (apsú)
in waters
हस्ते (háste)
in the hand
दधे (dadhe)
placed, held
दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe)
in the right
दक्षिणावा (dákṣiṇāvān)
possessing the right (hand), generous
Stanza 3.39.7
ज्योति॑र्वृणीत॒ तम॑सो विजा॒नन्ना॒रे स्या॑म दुरि॒ताद॒भीके॑ | इ॒मा गिरः॑ सोमपाः सोमवृद्ध जु॒षस्वे॑न्द्र पुरु॒तम॑स्य का॒रोः ||
jyótir vr̥ṇīta támaso vijānánn āré syāma duritā́d abhī́ke imā́ gíraḥ somapāḥ somavr̥ddha juṣásvendra purutámasya kāróḥ
He chose the light, knowing it from darkness. May we be far from troubles! O Indra, drinker of Soma, strengthened by Soma, accept these hymns from your devoted poet.
This verse is a prayer for divine favor. The speaker asks Indra to choose the light, distinguishing it from darkness, and expresses a desire to be kept far away from misfortune. The hymns are addressed to Indra, who drinks Soma and is praised by his devotee, asking him to accept these songs and be a protector.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ज्योतिः वृणीत तमसः विजानन् jyótiḥ vr̥ṇīta támasaḥ vijānán (11 syllables)
- B. आरे श्याम दुरितात् अभीके āré syāma duritā́t abhī́ke (11 syllables)
- C. इमाः गिरः सोमपाः सोमवृद्ध imā́ḥ gíraḥ somapāḥ somavr̥ddha (11 syllables)
- D. जुषस्व इन्द्र पुरुतमस्य कारोः juṣásva indra purutámasya kāróḥ (11 syllables)
ज्योतिः (jyótiḥ)
light
वृणीत (vr̥ṇīta)
chose, selected
तमसः (támasaḥ)
from darkness
विजानन् (vijānán)
knowing, discerning
आरे (āré)
far away
श्याम (syāma)
may we be
दुरितात् (duritā́t)
from misfortune, from evil
अभीके (abhī́ke)
in the vicinity, near
इमाः (imā́ḥ)
these
गिरः (gíraḥ)
hymns, praises
सोमपाः (somapāḥ)
O drinker of Soma
सोमवृद्ध (somavr̥ddha)
strengthened by Soma
जुषस्व (juṣásva)
favor, accept
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
पुरुतमस्य (purutámasya)
most abundant, most zealous
कारोः (kāróḥ)
of the poet, singer
Stanza 3.39.8
ज्योति॑र्य॒ज्ञाय॒ रोद॑सी॒ अनु॑ ष्यादा॒रे स्या॑म दुरि॒तस्य॒ भूरेः॑ | भूरि॑ चि॒द्धि तु॑ज॒तो मर्त्य॑स्य सुपा॒रासो॑ वसवो ब॒र्हणा॑वत् ||
jyótir yajñā́ya ródasī ánu ṣyād āré syāma duritásya bhū́reḥ bhū́ri cid dhí tujató mártyasya supārā́so vasavo barháṇāvat
Let light shine for worship in both worlds! May we be far from abundant evil! Though great evil comes from a hostile mortal, the Vasus are quick to rescue.
This verse calls for light and order for worship, extending across both heaven and earth. It prays to be kept away from overwhelming evil and acknowledges that great misfortune can arise from hostile beings. However, it expresses confidence that the divine beings (Vasus) are swift to rescue and help.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ज्योतिः यज्ञाय रोदसी अनु स्यात् jyótiḥ yajñā́ya ródasī ánu syāt (11 syllables)
- B. आरे श्याम दुरितस्य भूरिः āré syāma duritásya bhū́reḥ (11 syllables)
- C. भूरि चिद् हि तुजतः मर्त्यस्य bhū́ri cit hí tujatáḥ mártyasya (11 syllables)
- D. सुपारासः वसवः बर्हणावत् supārā́saḥ vasavaḥ barháṇāvat (11 syllables)
ज्योतिः (jyótiḥ)
light
यज्ञाय (yajñā́ya)
for sacrifice, for worship
रोदसी (ródasī)
both worlds (heaven and earth)
अनु (ánu)
following, throughout
स्यात् (syāt)
may it be
आरे (āré)
far away
श्याम (syāma)
may we be
दुरितस्य (duritásya)
of evil, of misfortune
भूरिः (bhū́reḥ)
of abundance, of greatness
भूरि (bhū́ri)
much, abundant
चिद् (cit)
even
हि (hí)
indeed
तुजतः (tujatáḥ)
assailing, attacking
मर्त्यस्य (mártyasya)
of a mortal
सुपारासः (supārā́saḥ)
easily crossing over, rescuing
वसवः (vasavaḥ)
O Vasus (divine beings)
बर्हणावत् (barháṇāvat)
strong, powerful
Stanza 3.39.9
शु॒नं हु॑वेम म॒घवा॑न॒मिन्द्र॑म॒स्मिन्भरे॒ नृत॑मं॒ वाज॑सातौ | शृ॒ण्वन्त॑मु॒ग्रमू॒तये॑ स॒मत्सु॒ घ्नन्तं॑ वृ॒त्राणि॑ सं॒जितं॒ धना॑नाम् ||
śunáṁ huvema maghávānam índram asmín bháre nŕ̥tamaṁ vā́jasātau śr̥ṇvántam ugrám ūtáye samátsu ghnántaṁ vr̥trā́ṇi saṁjítaṁ dhánānām
We should call upon auspicious Indra, the best hero in the fight for riches. We call the strong one who listens, who protects in battles, who destroys enemies and wins wealth.
This is a powerful invocation to Indra, asking for his auspicious presence and support in times of conflict and abundance. He is described as the most heroic leader in battles for wealth and sustenance, someone who listens to prayers, is formidable, offers protection, destroys enemies (like Vritra), and is a conqueror of riches.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शुन्नं हुवेम मघवानम् इन्द्रम् śunám huvema maghávānam índram (11 syllables)
- B. अस्मिन् भरे नृतमं वाजसाता asmín bháre nŕ̥tamam vā́jasātau (11 syllables)
- C. शृण्वन्तं उग्रं ऊतये समत्सु śr̥ṇvántam ugrám ūtáye samátsu (11 syllables)
- D. घ्नन्तं वृत्राणि संजितं धनानाम् ghnántam vr̥trā́ṇi saṃjítam dhánānām (11 syllables)
शुन्नं (śunám)
auspiciously, favorably
हुवेम (huvema)
let us call
मघवानम् (maghávānam)
bestower of gifts, wealthy
इन्द्रम् (índram)
Indra
अस्मिन् (asmín)
in this
भरे (bháre)
in battle, in a contest
नृतमं (nŕ̥tamam)
most heroic, best leader
वाजसाता (vā́jasātau)
in the winning of food/wealth
शृण्वन्तं (śr̥ṇvántam)
hearing, listening
उग्रं (ugrám)
strong, formidable
ऊतये (ūtáye)
for protection, for aid
समत्सु (samátsu)
in battles
घ्नन्तं (ghnántam)
striking, killing
वृत्राणि (vr̥trā́ṇi)
enemies (Vritras)
संजितं (saṃjítam)
conquering
धनानाम् (dhánānām)
of riches, of wealth