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Stanza 3.29.1
अस्ती॒दम॑धि॒मन्थ॑न॒मस्ति॑ प्र॒जन॑नं कृ॒तम् | ए॒तां वि॒श्पत्नी॒मा भ॑रा॒ग्निं म॑न्थाम पू॒र्वथा॑ ||
ástīdám adhimánthanam ásti prajánanaṁ kr̥tám etā́ṁ viśpátnīm ā́ bharāgním manthāma pūrváthā
Hey, check it out! Here's the stuff for making fire, the kindling's all set. Bring on the lady of the house, and let's get Agni going, just like they always did!
This verse is like setting up the stage for a ritual! It talks about the tools needed to create fire – the friction wood and the tinder. The speaker is calling to bring the "matron" (likely referring to the fire-drill holder or the hearth itself) so they can start the fire-making process, the ancient way, to awaken Agni.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. अस्ति इदम् अधिमन्थनम् ásti idám adhimánthanam (8 syllables)
- B. अस्ति प्रजननम् कृतम् ásti prajánanam kr̥tám (8 syllables)
- C. एताम् विश्पत्नीम् आ भर etā́m viśpátnīm ā́ bhara (8 syllables)
- D. अग्निम् मन्थाम पूर्वथा agním manthāma pūrváthā (8 syllables)
अस्ति (ásti)
is
इदम् (idám)
this
अधिमन्थनम् (adhimánthanam)
the friction-gear
अस्ति (ásti)
is
प्रजननम् (prajánanam)
the creative organ/the preparation
कृतम् (kr̥tám)
prepared
एताम् (etā́m)
this
विश्पत्नीम् (viśpátnīm)
the mistress of the house/the matron
आ (ā́)
here
भर (bhara)
bring
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni (fire god)
मन्थाम (manthāma)
let us churn/rub
पूर्वथा (pūrváthā)
in the old way
Stanza 3.29.2
अ॒रण्यो॒र्निहि॑तो जा॒तवे॑दा॒ गर्भ॑ इव॒ सुधि॑तो ग॒र्भिणी॑षु | दि॒वेदि॑व॒ ईड्यो॑ जागृ॒वद्भि॑र्ह॒विष्म॑द्भिर्मनु॒ष्ये॑भिर॒ग्निः ||
aráṇyor níhito jātávedā gárbha iva súdhito garbhíṇīṣu divé-diva ī́ḍyo jāgr̥vádbhir havíṣmadbhir manuṣyèbhir agníḥ
Agni, the knower of all births, rests within the two fire-sticks, like a safely kept embryo in a pregnant woman. He's meant to be praised every single day by watchful folks who bring him offerings!
This verse describes Agni, the fire god, residing within the fire sticks, much like a hidden embryo within a pregnant woman. It emphasizes that Agni, also known as Jâtavedas (he who knows all births), is to be constantly praised and invoked daily by vigilant people who offer him oblations. It highlights the divine presence in the act of fire-making.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अरण्योः निहितः जातवेदाः aráṇyoḥ níhitaḥ jātávedāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. गर्भः इव सुधितः गर्भिणीषु gárbhaḥ iva súdhitaḥ garbhíṇīṣu (11 syllables)
- C. दिवेदिव ईड्यः जागृद्भिः divé-dive ī́ḍyaḥ jāgr̥vádbhiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. हविष्मद्भिः मनुष्येभिः अग्निः havíṣmadbhiḥ manuṣyèbhiḥ agníḥ (11 syllables)
अरण्योः (aráṇyoḥ)
in the two fire-sticks
निहितः (níhitaḥ)
placed/residing
जातवेदाः (jātávedāḥ)
Jâtavedas (Agni)
गर्भः (gárbhaḥ)
embryo/germ
इव (iva)
like
सुधितः (súdhitaḥ)
well-placed/kept safe
गर्भिणीषु (garbhíṇīṣu)
in pregnant women
दिवेदिव (divé-dive)
day by day
ईड्यः (ī́ḍyaḥ)
worthy of praise/worship
जागृद्भिः (jāgr̥vádbhiḥ)
by the watchful
हविष्मद्भिः (havíṣmadbhiḥ)
by the offering-bringers
मनुष्येभिः (manuṣyèbhiḥ)
by humans
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
Stanza 3.29.3
उ॒त्ता॒नाया॒मव॑ भरा चिकि॒त्वान्त्स॒द्यः प्रवी॑ता॒ वृष॑णं जजान | अ॒रु॒षस्तू॑पो॒ रुश॑दस्य॒ पाज॒ इळा॑यास्पु॒त्रो व॒युने॑ऽजनिष्ट ||
uttānā́yām áva bharā cikitvā́n sadyáḥ právītā vŕ̥ṣaṇaṁ jajāna aruṣástūpo rúśad asya pā́ja íḷāyās putró vayúne 'janiṣṭa
Place it carefully on the prepared surface! Quickly, she has given birth to a strong, male force. Its red top is brilliant; the son of Ilâ is born in the right way!
This verse is a vivid description of the fire-making process, personifying it as a birth. The fire (Agni) is to be placed carefully into the waiting 'mother' (the fire board). It's described as a powerful 'steer' or 'manly one' being born quickly. His 'red summit' signifies his radiant heat and light, and he's called the 'son of Ilâ' (a goddess associated with speech and earth), born through skillful effort.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उत्तानायाम् अव भर चिकित्वा uttānā́yām áva bhara + cikitvā́n (11 syllables)
- B. सद्यः प्रवीता वृषणम् जजान sadyás právītā vŕ̥ṣaṇam jajāna (11 syllables)
- C. अरुषस्तूपाः रुशत् अस्य पाजः aruṣástūpaḥ rúśat asya pā́jaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. इळायाः पुत्रः वयुने अजनिष्ट íḷāyāḥ putráḥ vayúne ajaniṣṭa (11 syllables)
उत्तानायाम् (uttānā́yām)
on the one lying extended (fire board)
अव (áva)
down
भर (bhara +)
place/put
चिकित्वा (cikitvā́n)
the knowing one
सद्यः (sadyás)
quickly/at once
प्रवीता (právītā)
having conceived
वृषणम् (vŕ̥ṣaṇam)
the strong male one
जजान (jajāna)
he bore/produced
अरुषस्तूपाः (aruṣástūpaḥ)
he whose summit is red
रुशत् (rúśat)
shining/bright
अस्य (asya)
his
पाजः (pā́jaḥ)
splendor/power
इळायाः (íḷāyāḥ)
of Ilâ (earth goddess)
पुत्रः (putráḥ)
son
वयुने (vayúne)
in the skillful way/effort
अजनिष्ट (ajaniṣṭa)
was born
Stanza 3.29.4
इळा॑यास्त्वा प॒दे व॒यं नाभा॑ पृथि॒व्या अधि॑ | जात॑वेदो॒ नि धी॑म॒ह्यग्ने॑ ह॒व्याय॒ वोळ्ह॑वे ||
íḷāyās tvā padé vayáṁ nā́bhā pr̥thivyā́ ádhi jā́tavedo ní dhīmahy ágne havyā́ya vóḷhave
We'll place you, Agni Jâtavedas, in the sacred spot of Ilâ, right at the center of the earth. This is so you can carry our offerings to the gods!
This verse is a prayer to Agni, welcoming him to his designated place. It speaks of placing him in 'Ilâ's place' (a sacred spot associated with earth and speech) and at the 'navel of the earth' (a central, important location). The purpose is for Agni, Jâtavedas, to carry the offerings to the gods, emphasizing his role as the divine messenger.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. इळायाः त्वा पदे वयं íḷāyāḥ tvā padé vayám (8 syllables)
- B. नाभा पृथिव्याः अधि nā́bhā pr̥thivyā́ḥ ádhi (8 syllables)
- C. जातवेदो नि धीमहि jā́tavedaḥ ní dhīmahi (8 syllables)
- D. अग्ने हव्याय वोळ्हवे ágne havyā́ya vóḷhave (8 syllables)
इळायाः (íḷāyāḥ)
of Ilâ
त्वा (tvā)
you
पदे (padé)
in the place
वयं (vayám)
we
नाभा (nā́bhā)
in the navel
पृथिव्याः (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
अधि (ádhi)
upon/above
जातवेदो (jā́tavedaḥ)
O Jâtavedas (Agni)
नि (ní)
down
धीमहि (dhīmahi)
let us place
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
हव्याय (havyā́ya)
for the offerings
वोळ्हवे (vóḷhave)
for carrying
Stanza 3.29.5
मन्थ॑ता नरः क॒विमद्व॑यन्तं॒ प्रचे॑तसम॒मृतं॑ सु॒प्रती॑कम् | य॒ज्ञस्य॑ के॒तुं प्र॑थ॒मं पु॒रस्ता॑द॒ग्निं न॑रो जनयता सु॒शेव॑म् ||
mánthatā naraḥ kavím ádvayantam prácetasam amŕ̥taṁ suprátīkam yajñásya ketúm prathamám purástād agníṁ naro janayatā suśévam
Come on, everyone, get Agni going! Bring forth the wise, immortal, and beautiful Agni, the first banner of the sacrifice. Make him shine with your efforts!
This verse is a direct call to action for the ritual practitioners. They are urged to "rub into life" the wise, immortal, and good-looking Agni, who is described as the first banner of the sacrifice. The emphasis is on bringing forth this divine presence with skill and devotion, highlighting Agni's importance and radiant nature.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मन्थत नरः कविम् अद्वयन्तम् mánthata + naraḥ kavím ádvayantam (11 syllables)
- B. प्रचेतसम् अमृतम् सुप्रतीकम् prácetasam amŕ̥tam suprátīkam (11 syllables)
- C. यज्ञस्य केतुम् प्रथमम् पुरस्तात् yajñásya ketúm prathamám purástāt (11 syllables)
- D. अग्निम् नरः जनयत सुशेवम् agním naraḥ janayata + suśévam (11 syllables)
मन्थत (mánthata +)
rub/churn
नरः (naraḥ)
O men
कविम् (kavím)
the wise one
अद्वयन्तम् (ádvayantam)
the guileless/straightforward one
प्रचेतसम् (prácetasam)
the wise/observant one
अमृतम् (amŕ̥tam)
the immortal one
सुप्रतीकम् (suprátīkam)
the beautiful-faced one
यज्ञस्य (yajñásya)
of the sacrifice
केतुम् (ketúm)
the banner/ensign
प्रथमम् (prathamám)
the first
पुरस्तात् (purástāt)
in front/eastward
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
नरः (naraḥ)
O men
जनयत (janayata +)
bring forth/generate
सुशेवम् (suśévam)
the gracious/propitious one
Stanza 3.29.6
यदी॒ मन्थ॑न्ति बा॒हुभि॒र्वि रो॑च॒तेऽश्वो॒ न वा॒ज्य॑रु॒षो वने॒ष्वा | चि॒त्रो न याम॑न्न॒श्विनो॒रनि॑वृतः॒ परि॑ वृण॒क्त्यश्म॑न॒स्तृणा॒ दह॑न् ||
yádī mánthanti bāhúbhir ví rocaté 'śvo ná vājy àruṣó váneṣv ā́ citró ná yā́mann aśvínor ánivr̥taḥ pári vr̥ṇakty áśmanas tŕ̥ṇā dáhan
When they rub him with their arms, he shines like a fast, red horse in the woods! Unstoppable and bright, he moves like the Ashwin twins, burning grass but carefully avoiding the stones.
This verse beautifully describes the moment Agni ignites. As people rub the fire sticks, he bursts forth with brilliance, compared to a powerful, red horse running freely in the forest. He's described as unrestrained and radiant, moving like the divine Ashwin twins, burning grass but sparing stones, showcasing his dynamic energy and selective power.
Meter: Jagati
- A. यदि मन्थन्ति बाहुभिः वि रोचते yádi + mánthanti bāhúbhiḥ ví rocate (12 syllables)
- B. अश्वः न वाजी अरुषः वनेषु आ áśvaḥ ná vājī́ aruṣáḥ váneṣu ā́ (12 syllables)
- C. चित्रः न यामन अश्विनोः अनिर्वृतः citráḥ ná yā́man aśvínoḥ ánivr̥taḥ (12 syllables)
- D. परि वृणक्ति अश्मनाः तृणा दहन् pári vr̥ṇakti áśmanaḥ tŕ̥ṇā dáhan (12 syllables)
यदि (yádi +)
when
मन्थन्ति (mánthanti)
they rub
बाहुभिः (bāhúbhiḥ)
with their arms
वि (ví)
forth/apart
रोचते (rocate)
he shines
अश्वः (áśvaḥ)
horse
न (ná)
like
वाजी (vājī́)
powerful/swift one
अरुषः (aruṣáḥ)
red
वनेषु (váneṣu)
in the woods/forests
आ (ā́)
away
चित्रः (citráḥ)
bright/radiant
न (ná)
like
यामन (yā́man)
in the path/course
अश्विनोः (aśvínoḥ)
of the Ashwin twins
अनिर्वृतः (ánivr̥taḥ)
unrestrained/unhindered
परि (pári)
around/past
वृणक्ति (vr̥ṇakti)
he moves/goes
अश्मनाः (áśmanaḥ)
stones
तृणा (tŕ̥ṇā)
grass
दहन् (dáhan)
burning
Stanza 3.29.7
जा॒तो अ॒ग्नी रो॑चते॒ चेकि॑तानो वा॒जी विप्रः॑ कविश॒स्तः सु॒दानुः॑ | यं दे॒वास॒ ईड्यं॑ विश्व॒विदं॑ हव्य॒वाह॒मद॑धुरध्व॒रेषु॑ ||
jātó agnī́ rocate cékitāno vājī́ vípraḥ kaviśastáḥ sudā́nuḥ yáṁ devā́sa ī́ḍyaṁ viśvavídaṁ havyavā́ham ádadhur adhvaréṣu
Born Agni shines, observant, mighty, wise, and generous, praised by sages. The gods placed this all-knowing offering-bearer in the rituals!
This verse celebrates the newly born Agni, describing his radiant appearance and divine qualities. He shines brightly, described as powerful ('vājī'), insightful ('vipra'), praised by sages ('kaviśasta'), and generous ('sudānu'). The gods themselves placed him in sacrifices as the all-knowing 'havyavāhana' (offering bearer), highlighting his crucial role in connecting the mortal and divine realms.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. जातः अग्निः रोचते चेकितानः jātáḥ agníḥ rocate cékitānaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. वाजी विप्रः कविशस्तः सुदानुः vājī́ vípraḥ kaviśastáḥ sudā́nuḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यं देवासः ईड्यम् विश्वविदम् yám devā́saḥ ī́ḍyam viśvavídam (11 syllables)
- D. हव्यवाहम् अदधुः अध्वरेषु havyavā́ham ádadhuḥ adhvaréṣu (11 syllables)
जातः (jātáḥ)
born
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
रोचते (rocate)
he shines
चेकितानः (cékitānaḥ)
observant/aware
वाजी (vājī́)
powerful/swift
विप्रः (vípraḥ)
insightful/eloquent
कविशस्तः (kaviśastáḥ)
praised by sages
सुदानुः (sudā́nuḥ)
generous giver
यं (yám)
whom
देवासः (devā́saḥ)
the gods
ईड्यम् (ī́ḍyam)
worthy of praise
विश्वविदम् (viśvavídam)
knowing all
हव्यवाहम् (havyavā́ham)
offering-bearer
अदधुः (ádadhuḥ)
they placed
अध्वरेषु (adhvaréṣu)
in the sacrifices/rituals
Stanza 3.29.8
सीद॑ होतः॒ स्व उ॑ लो॒के चि॑कि॒त्वान्त्सा॒दया॑ य॒ज्ञं सु॑कृ॒तस्य॒ योनौ॑ | दे॒वा॒वीर्दे॒वान्ह॒विषा॑ यजा॒स्यग्ने॑ बृ॒हद्यज॑माने॒ वयो॑ धाः ||
sī́da hotaḥ svá u loké cikitvā́n sādáyā yajñáṁ sukr̥tásya yónau devāvī́r devā́n havíṣā yajāsy ágne br̥hád yájamāne váyo dhāḥ
Sit down, O priest, in your rightful place, you who know things well. Establish the sacrifice in its proper home. May you, dear to the gods, worship them with offerings and grant strength to the sacrificer!
This verse is an invocation to Agni, asking him to settle into his rightful, sacred place. The 'Hotri' (invoker/priest) is addressed, told to sit in his own space and establish the sacrifice in its proper 'womb' or foundation. It's a plea for Agni, who is dear to the gods, to accept the offerings and bless the sacrificer with strength and well-being.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सीद हॊतर स्वे उलोके चिकित्वा sī́da hotar své uloké cikitvā́n (11 syllables)
- B. सादया यज्ञम् सुकृतस्य योनौ sādáya + yajñám sukr̥tásya yónau (11 syllables)
- C. देवावीः देवान् हविषा यजासि devāvī́ḥ devā́n havíṣā yajāsi (11 syllables)
- D. अग्ने बृहत् यजमाने वयः धाः ágne br̥hát yájamāne váyaḥ dhāḥ (11 syllables)
सीद (sī́da)
sit down
हॊतर (hotar)
O priest/invoker
स्वे (své)
your own
उलोके (uloké)
in your place/space
चिकित्वा (cikitvā́n)
the knowing one
सादया (sādáya +)
establish/cause to sit
यज्ञम् (yajñám)
the sacrifice
सुकृतस्य (sukr̥tásya)
of good deeds/works
योनौ (yónau)
in the womb/source/abode
देवावीः (devāvī́ḥ)
eagerly longing for the gods
देवान् (devā́n)
the gods
हविषा (havíṣā)
with the offering
यजासि (yajāsi)
you may worship
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
बृहत् (br̥hát)
great/mighty
यजमाने (yájamāne)
to the sacrificer
वयः (váyaḥ)
strength/vigor
धाः (dhāḥ)
grant/give
Stanza 3.29.9
कृ॒णोत॑ धू॒मं वृष॑णं सखा॒योऽस्रे॑धन्त इतन॒ वाज॒मच्छ॑ | अ॒यम॒ग्निः पृ॑तना॒षाट् सु॒वीरो॒ येन॑ दे॒वासो॒ अस॑हन्त॒ दस्यू॑न् ||
kr̥ṇóta dhūmáṁ vŕ̥ṣaṇaṁ sakhāyó 'sredhanta itana vā́jam ácha ayám agníḥ pr̥tanāṣā́ṭ suvī́ro yéna devā́so ásahanta dásyūn
Friends, let's create a mighty smoke! Let's move forward to strength without any obstacles. This Agni is a heroic winner of battles, the one through whom the gods conquered their enemies!
This verse is a call to action for collective effort in ritual. The practitioners are asked to generate a great smoke (signifying Agni's presence) and move forward towards prosperity ('vāja') without fail. Agni is praised as a powerful warrior who wins battles and is full of heroic strength, being the very force by which the gods defeated the 'Dasyus' (often interpreted as enemies or non-believers).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कृणोत धूमम् वृषणम् सखायः kr̥ṇóta dhūmám vŕ̥ṣaṇam sakhāyaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अस्रेधन्तः इतन वाजम् अच्छ ásredhantaḥ itana vā́jam ácha (11 syllables)
- C. अयम् अग्निः पृतनाषाट् सुवीरः ayám agníḥ pr̥tanāṣā́ṭ suvī́raḥ (11 syllables)
- D. येन देवासः असन्त दस्युन् yéna devā́saḥ ásahanta dásyūn (11 syllables)
कृणोत (kr̥ṇóta)
produce/make
धूमम् (dhūmám)
smoke
वृषणम् (vŕ̥ṣaṇam)
mighty/strong
सखायः (sakhāyaḥ)
O friends
अस्रेधन्तः (ásredhantaḥ)
unhindered/unstinting
इतन (itana)
go forward
वाजम् (vā́jam)
strength/wealth
अच्छ (ácha)
towards
अयम् (ayám)
this
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
पृतनाषाट् (pr̥tanāṣā́ṭ)
battle-winner
सुवीरः (suvī́raḥ)
heroic/with brave men
येन (yéna)
by whom
देवासः (devā́saḥ)
the gods
असन्त (ásahanta)
they overcame/conquered
दस्युन् (dásyūn)
Dasyus (enemies)
Stanza 3.29.10
अ॒यं ते॒ योनि॑र्ऋ॒त्वियो॒ यतो॑ जा॒तो अरो॑चथाः | तं जा॒नन्न॑ग्न॒ आ सी॒दाथा॑ नो वर्धया॒ गिरः॑ ||
ayáṁ te yónir r̥tvíyo yáto jātó árocathāḥ táṁ jānánn agna ā́ sīdā́thā no vardhayā gíraḥ
This is your proper place, from where you were born and shone brightly. Knowing this, Agni, please sit here and make our praises grow!
This verse directly addresses Agni, acknowledging his rightful place of origin and the moment he first shone forth. It's an invitation for Agni to settle into this familiar spot, knowing it well. The ultimate goal is to have Agni, residing there, enhance and uplift their hymns and prayers ('giraḥ'), signifying a harmonious relationship between the devotee and the divine.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. अयम् ते योनिर ऋत्वियः ayám te yóniḥ r̥tvíyaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. यतः जातः अरोचथाः yátas jātáḥ árocathāḥ (8 syllables)
- C. तं जानन् अग्ने आ सीदा tám jānán agne ā́ sīda (8 syllables)
- D. अथ नः वर्धया गिरः átha + naḥ vardhaya + gíraḥ (8 syllables)
अयम् (ayám)
this
ते (te)
your
योनिर (yóniḥ)
place/birthplace
ऋत्वियः (r̥tvíyaḥ)
in due time/orderly
यतः (yátas)
from where
जातः (jātáḥ)
born
अरोचथाः (árocathāḥ)
you shone
तं (tám)
that
जानन् (jānán)
knowing
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
आ (ā́)
here
सीदा (sīda)
sit
अथ (átha +)
and then
नः (naḥ)
our
वर्धया (vardhaya +)
make grow/prosper
गिरः (gíraḥ)
praises/songs
Stanza 3.29.11
तनू॒नपा॑दुच्यते॒ गर्भ॑ आसु॒रो नरा॒शंसो॑ भवति॒ यद्वि॒जाय॑ते | मा॒त॒रिश्वा॒ यदमि॑मीत मा॒तरि॒ वात॑स्य॒ सर्गो॑ अभव॒त्सरी॑मणि ||
tánūnápād ucyate gárbha āsuró nárāśáṁso bhavati yád vijā́yate mātaríśvā yád ámimīta mātári vā́tasya sárgo abhavat sárīmaṇi
He is called the body's offspring, the divine germ, and Narāśansa when born. He is Mātariśvan, shaped in the mother, and becomes the swift wind!
This verse describes Agni through various epithets and cosmic roles. He is 'Tanūnapāt' (offspring of the body), the 'germ of the Asura' (divine being), and 'Narāśansa' (praised by men) when born. He is 'Mātariśvan' (shaped in the mother) and becomes the swift movement of the wind. It poetically illustrates Agni's multifaceted nature and his connection to cosmic forces.
Meter: Jagati
- A. तनूनपात् उच्यते गर्भ आसुरः tánūnápāt ucyate gárbhaḥ āsuráḥ (12 syllables)
- B. नराशंसः भवति यत् विजायते nárāśáṃsaḥ bhavati yát vijā́yate (12 syllables)
- C. मातरिश्वा यत् अमीमीत मातरि mātaríśvā yát ámimīta mātári (12 syllables)
- D. वातस्य सर्गः अभवत् सरीमणि vā́tasya sárgaḥ abhavat sárīmaṇi (12 syllables)
तनूनपात् (tánūnápāt)
offspring of the body
उच्यते (ucyate)
is called
गर्भ (gárbhaḥ)
embryo/germ
आसुरः (āsuráḥ)
of the Asura (divine being)
नराशंसः (nárāśáṃsaḥ)
praised by men
भवति (bhavati)
he becomes
यत् (yát)
when
विजायते (vijā́yate)
he is born
मातरिश्वा (mātaríśvā)
Mātariśvan (the wind god)
यत् (yát)
when
अमीमीत (ámimīta)
he formed/shaped
मातरि (mātári)
in the mother
वातस्य (vā́tasya)
of the wind
सर्गः (sárgaḥ)
creation/flow
अभवत् (abhavat)
he became
सरीमणि (sárīmaṇi)
in swift course
Stanza 3.29.12
सु॒नि॒र्मथा॒ निर्म॑थितः सुनि॒धा निहि॑तः क॒विः | अग्ने॑ स्वध्व॒रा कृ॑णु दे॒वान्दे॑वय॒ते य॑ज ||
sunirmáthā nírmathitaḥ sunidhā́ níhitaḥ kavíḥ ágne svadhvarā́ kr̥ṇu devā́n devayaté yaja
You are skillfully produced and carefully established, O wise Agni! Make the sacrifices excellent, and bring the gods to those who worship!
This verse praises the skillful creation and establishment of Agni. He is described as being 'rubbed to life' with excellent effort ('sunirmatha') and 'established' with care ('sunidhā'). Addressed as a 'kavi' (sage), Agni is asked to ensure the sacrifices are well-performed ('svadhvara') and to bring the gods to those who worship devotedly.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सुनिर्मथा निर्मथितः sunirmáthā nírmathitaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. सुनिधा निहितः कविः sunidhā́ níhitaḥ kavíḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अग्ने स्वध antigo कृणु ágne svadhvarā́ kr̥ṇu (8 syllables)
- D. देवान् देवयते यज devā́n devayaté yaja (8 syllables)
सुनिर्मथा (sunirmáthā)
by excellent rubbing
निर्मथितः (nírmathitaḥ)
produced by rubbing
सुनिधा (sunidhā́)
by good placing/establishment
निहितः (níhitaḥ)
placed/established
कविः (kavíḥ)
sage/seer
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
स्वध antigo (svadhvarā́)
excellent sacrifices
कृणु (kr̥ṇu)
make/perform
देवान् (devā́n)
the gods
देवयते (devayaté)
to the one devoted to gods
यज (yaja)
sacrifice
Stanza 3.29.13
अजी॑जनन्न॒मृतं॒ मर्त्या॑सोऽस्रे॒माणं॑ त॒रणिं॑ वी॒ळुज॑म्भम् | दश॒ स्वसा॑रो अ॒ग्रुवः॑ समी॒चीः पुमां॑सं जा॒तम॒भि सं र॑भन्ते ||
ájījanann amŕ̥tam mártyāso 'sremā́ṇaṁ taráṇiṁ vīḷújambham dáśa svásāro agrúvaḥ samīcī́ḥ púmāṁsaṁ jātám abhí sáṁ rabhante
Mortals have brought forth the immortal one, the powerful one with strong jaws. Ten united sisters embrace the newly born!
This verse speaks of the birth of the divine Agni, generated by mortals. He is described as 'immortal' and possessing 'mighty jaws', suggesting his power and consuming nature. Ten 'unwedded sisters' (likely representing aspects of the divine feminine or ritual elements) are said to come together to embrace the newly born 'man' (Agni). It emphasizes the cooperative effort in bringing forth the divine fire.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अजीजनन् अमृतम् मर्त्यासः ájījanan amŕ̥tam mártyāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अस्रेमाणम् तरणिम् वीळुजम्भम् asremā́ṇam taráṇim vīḷújambham (11 syllables)
- C. दश स्वसारः अग्रुवः समीचीः dáśa svásāraḥ agrúvaḥ samīcī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. पुमांसम् जातम् अभि सम् रभन्ते púmāṃsam jātám abhí sám rabhante (11 syllables)
अजीजनन् (ájījanan)
they generated/brought forth
अमृतम् (amŕ̥tam)
the immortal one
मर्त्यासः (mártyāsaḥ)
mortals
अस्रेमाणम् (asremā́ṇam)
unfailing/unhindered
तरणिम् (taráṇim)
advancing/swift
वीळुजम्भम् (vīḷújambham)
with strong jaws
दश (dáśa)
ten
स्वसारः (svásāraḥ)
sisters
अग्रुवः (agrúvaḥ)
unwedded/virginal
समीचीः (samīcī́ḥ)
united/harmonious
पुमांसम् (púmāṃsam)
the man/male one
जातम् (jātám)
born
अभि (abhí)
towards/upon
सम् (sám)
together
रभन्ते (rabhante)
they grasp/embrace
Stanza 3.29.14
प्र स॒प्तहो॑ता सन॒काद॑रोचत मा॒तुरु॒पस्थे॒ यदशो॑च॒दूध॑नि | न नि मि॑षति सु॒रणो॑ दि॒वेदि॑वे॒ यदसु॑रस्य ज॒ठरा॒दजा॑यत ||
prá saptáhotā sanakā́d arocata mātúr upásthe yád áśocad ū́dhani ná ní miṣati suráṇo divé-dive yád ásurasya jaṭhárād ájāyata
Shining from ancient times, he glowed in his mother's lap, like the offering of the seven priests. Ever-watchful, he never closes his eyes, born from the divine belly!
This verse poetically describes Agni's emergence, shining from ancient times within his mother's womb and lap, associated with the 'Asura' (divine being). He is likened to the 'seven-priest' offering, glows intensely, and never closes his eyes, symbolizing his constant vigilance and presence. His birth from the divine 'belly' signifies his cosmic origin and perpetual radiance.
Meter: Jagati
- A. प्र सप्तहोता सनकात् अरोचत prá saptáhotā sanakā́t arocata (12 syllables)
- B. मातुः उपस्थे यत् अशोचत् ऊधनि mātúḥ upásthe yát áśocat ū́dhani (12 syllables)
- C. न नि मिषति सुरणः दिवेदिवे ná ní miṣati suráṇaḥ divé-dive (12 syllables)
- D. यत् असुरस्य जठरात् अजायत yát ásurasya jaṭhárāt ájāyata (12 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
सप्तहोता (saptáhotā)
the seven-priest offering
सनकात् (sanakā́t)
from of old/ancient times
अरोचत (arocata)
he shone
मातुः (mātúḥ)
of the mother
उपस्थे (upásthe)
in the lap/bosom
यत् (yát)
since/when
अशोचत् (áśocat)
he glowed/blazed
ऊधनि (ū́dhani)
at the udder/breast
न (ná)
not
नि (ní)
down/closing
मिषति (miṣati)
he closes eyes
सुरणः (suráṇaḥ)
joyful/delighting
दिवेदिवे (divé-dive)
day by day
यत् (yát)
since/when
असुरस्य (ásurasya)
of the Asura (divine being)
जठरात् (jaṭhárāt)
from the belly
अजायत (ájāyata)
he was born
Stanza 3.29.15
अ॒मि॒त्रा॒युधो॑ म॒रुता॑मिव प्र॒याः प्र॑थम॒जा ब्रह्म॑णो॒ विश्व॒मिद्वि॑दुः | द्यु॒म्नव॒द्ब्रह्म॑ कुशि॒कास॒ एरि॑र॒ एक॑एको॒ दमे॑ अ॒ग्निं समी॑धिरे ||
amitrāyúdho marútām iva prayā́ḥ prathamajā́ bráhmaṇo víśvam íd viduḥ dyumnávad bráhma kuśikā́sa érira éka-eko dáme agníṁ sám īdhire
His attacks on enemies are like the Maruts! He's the first-born of the sacred spell and knows everything. The Kuṣikas raised his glorious hymn and each one kindled Agni in their home!
This verse compares Agni's powerful attacks against his foes to the Maruts (storm gods). He is the 'first-born' of the sacred spell ('brahman') and possesses profound knowledge. The 'Kuṣika' family, known for their devotion, raised his glorious hymn and individually kindled Agni in their homes, highlighting Agni's dual nature as a powerful force and a cherished household deity.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अमित्रायुधः मरुताम् इव प्रयाः amitrāyúdhaḥ marútām iva prayā́ḥ (12 syllables)
- B. प्रथमजाः ब्रह्मणः विश्वम् इत् विदुः prathamajā́ḥ bráhmaṇaḥ víśvam ít viduḥ (12 syllables)
- C. द्युवद् ब्रह्म कुशिकासः आ ईरिर dyumnávat bráhma kuśikā́saḥ ā́ īrire (12 syllables)
- D. एकएकः दमे अग्निम् सम् ईधिरे éka-ekaḥ dáme agním sám īdhire (12 syllables)
अमित्रायुधः (amitrāyúdhaḥ)
attacks against enemies
मरुताम् (marútām)
of the Maruts (storm gods)
इव (iva)
like
प्रयाः (prayā́ḥ)
onsets/attacks
प्रथमजाः (prathamajā́ḥ)
first-born
ब्रह्मणः (bráhmaṇaḥ)
of the sacred spell/prayer
विश्वम् (víśvam)
everything/all
इत् (ít)
indeed
विदुः (viduḥ)
they know
द्युवद् (dyumnávat)
glorious/powerful
ब्रह्म (bráhma)
hymn/prayer
कुशिकासः (kuśikā́saḥ)
the Kuṣikas (a priestly family)
आ (ā́)
up
ईरिर (īrire)
they raised
एकएकः (éka-ekaḥ)
each one
दमे (dáme)
in the home
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
सम् (sám)
together
ईधिरे (īdhire)
they kindled
Stanza 3.29.16
यद॒द्य त्वा॑ प्रय॒ति य॒ज्ञे अ॒स्मिन्होत॑श्चिकि॒त्वोऽवृ॑णीमही॒ह | ध्रु॒वम॑या ध्रु॒वमु॒ताश॑मिष्ठाः प्रजा॒नन्वि॒द्वाँ उप॑ याहि॒ सोम॑म् ||
yád adyá tvā prayatí yajñé asmín hótaś cikitvó 'vr̥ṇīmahīhá dhruvám ayā dhruvám utā́śamiṣṭhāḥ prajānán vidvā́m̐ úpa yāhi sómam
Since we chose you today, O wise priest, for this sacrifice, you have surely sacrificed and worked hard! Come to the Soma, O knowing one!
This verse is a heartfelt invitation to Agni, recognizing his presence in the current sacrifice. The speaker acknowledges that they chose him, the observant 'Hotri' (priest), and expresses that he has 'firmly sacrificed' and 'firmly labored' in this ritual. The verse concludes by inviting Agni to partake in the Soma, acknowledging his wisdom and knowledge, implying a culmination of the ritual with divine communion.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यत् अद्य त्वा प्रयति यज्ञे अस्मिन् yát adyá tvā prayatí yajñé asmín (11 syllables)
- B. हॊत चिकित्वः अवृणीमहि इह hótar cikitvaḥ ávr̥ṇīmahi ihá (11 syllables)
- C. ध्रुवम् अयाः ध्रुवम् उता अशमिष्ठाः dhruvám ayāḥ dhruvám utá aśamiṣṭhāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. प्रजानन् विदवान् उप याहि सोमम् prajānán vidvā́n úpa yāhi sómam (11 syllables)
यत् (yát)
that/which
अद्य (adyá)
today
त्वा (tvā)
you
प्रयति (prayatí)
going forward/in the midst of
यज्ञे (yajñé)
in the sacrifice
अस्मिन् (asmín)
in this
हॊत (hótar)
O priest/invoker
चिकित्वः (cikitvaḥ)
O knowing one
अवृणीमहि (ávr̥ṇīmahi)
we chose
इह (ihá)
here
ध्रुवम् (dhruvám)
firmly/steadfastly
अयाः (ayāḥ)
you sacrificed
ध्रुवम् (dhruvám)
firmly/steadfastly
उता (utá)
and
अशमिष्ठाः (aśamiṣṭhāḥ)
you labored/toiled
प्रजानन् (prajānán)
knowing well
विदवान् (vidvā́n)
the knowing one
उप (úpa)
to/near
याहि (yāhi)
come
सोमम् (sómam)
Soma (the sacred drink)