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Stanza 3.20.1
अ॒ग्निमु॒षस॑म॒श्विना॑ दधि॒क्रां व्यु॑ष्टिषु हवते॒ वह्नि॑रु॒क्थैः | सु॒ज्योति॑षो नः शृण्वन्तु दे॒वाः स॒जोष॑सो अध्व॒रं वा॑वशा॒नाः ||
agním uṣásam aśvínā dadhikrā́ṁ vyùṣṭiṣu havate váhnir ukthaíḥ sujyótiṣo naḥ śr̥ṇvantu devā́ḥ sajóṣaso adhvaráṁ vāvaśānā́ḥ
At dawn, the priest calls out with hymns to Agni, the Dawn, the Ashvins, and Dadhikra. May the shining gods, united in purpose and eager to taste the sacrifice, hear us!
The priest is calling out to powerful deities like Agni (fire god), Ushas (dawn), the twin Ashvins (divine physicians), and Dadhikra (a divine horse) at the break of day. He's doing this with hymns and prayers, hoping the gods, who are radiant and united, will hear him and accept his offering, especially since they seem eager to partake in the sacrifice.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अग्नि उषसम् अश्विना दधिक्राम् agním uṣásam aśvínā dadhikrā́m (11 syllables)
- B. व्युष्टिषु हुवते वह्निः उक्थैः vyùṣṭiṣu havate váhniḥ ukthaíḥ (11 syllables)
- C. सुज्योतिषः नः शृण्वन्तु देवाः sujyótiṣaḥ naḥ śr̥ṇvantu devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. सजोषसः अध्वरं वावशानाः sajóṣasaḥ adhvarám vāvaśānā́ḥ (11 syllables)
अग्नि (agním)
Agni, the fire god
उषसम् (uṣásam)
Ushas, the goddess of dawn
अश्विना (aśvínā)
The twin Ashvins, divine horsemen and physicians
दधिक्राम् (dadhikrā́m)
Dadhikra, a divine horse symbolizing power and speed
व्युष्टिषु (vyùṣṭiṣu)
at the break of day, at dawn
हुवते (havate)
calls upon, invokes
वह्निः (váhniḥ)
the carrier, the one who carries (the offerings)
उक्थैः (ukthaíḥ)
with hymns, with praises
सुज्योतिषः (sujyótiṣaḥ)
having brilliant light, radiant
नः (naḥ)
us
शृण्वन्तु (śr̥ṇvantu)
may they hear
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
the gods
सजोषसः (sajóṣasaḥ)
in harmony, united, of one mind
अध्वरं (adhvarám)
the sacrifice, the ritual
वावशानाः (vāvaśānā́ḥ)
eagerly desiring, longing
Stanza 3.20.2
अग्ने॒ त्री ते॒ वाजि॑ना॒ त्री ष॒धस्था॑ ति॒स्रस्ते॑ जि॒ह्वा ऋ॑तजात पू॒र्वीः | ति॒स्र उ॑ ते त॒न्वो॑ दे॒ववा॑ता॒स्ताभि॑र्नः पाहि॒ गिरो॒ अप्र॑युच्छन् ||
ágne trī́ te vā́jinā trī́ ṣadhásthā tisrás te jihvā́ r̥tajāta pūrvī́ḥ tisrá u te tanvò devávātās tā́bhir naḥ pāhi gíro áprayuchan
O Agni, you have three strengths, three dwelling places, and three tongues, born of the cosmic order. You also have three divine forms. With these, protect our hymns unceasingly!
The stanza addresses Agni, highlighting his multifaceted nature. It speaks of his three powers, three dwelling places, and three tongues (representing his different functions or aspects), all of which are born from cosmic order (Rta). It also mentions his three divine bodies, favored by the gods. The prayer asks Agni to protect their hymns with these divine attributes, without fail.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अग्ने त्री ते वाजिना त्री सधस्था ágne trī́ te vā́jinā trī́ sadhásthā (11 syllables)
- B. तिस्रः ते जिह्वाः ऋतजात पूर्वींः tisráḥ te jihvā́ḥ r̥tajāta pūrvī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तिस्रः उ ते तन्वः देववाताः tisráḥ u te tanvàḥ devávātāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. ताभिः नः प पाहि गिरः अप्रयुच्छन् tā́bhiḥ naḥ pāhi gíraḥ áprayuchan (11 syllables)
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
त्री (trī́)
three
ते (te)
your
वाजिना (vā́jinā)
powers, energies, strengths
त्री (trī́)
three
सधस्था (sadhásthā)
dwelling places, abodes
तिस्रः (tisráḥ)
three
ते (te)
your
जिह्वाः (jihvā́ḥ)
tongues (of flame, representing his functions)
ऋतजात (r̥tajāta)
born of Rta (cosmic order), O righteous one
पूर्वींः (pūrvī́ḥ)
many, abundant
तिस्रः (tisráḥ)
three
उ (u)
indeed, also (a particle)
ते (te)
your
तन्वः (tanvàḥ)
bodies, forms
देववाताः (devávātāḥ)
cherished by the gods, divinely protected
ताभिः (tā́bhiḥ)
with those (bodies/forms)
नः (naḥ)
us
प पाहि (pāhi)
protect
गिरः (gíraḥ)
hymns, praises, songs
अप्रयुच्छन् (áprayuchan)
unfailing, unremitting, constantly
Stanza 3.20.3
अग्ने॒ भूरी॑णि॒ तव॑ जातवेदो॒ देव॑ स्वधावो॒ऽमृत॑स्य॒ नाम॑ | याश्च॑ मा॒या मा॒यिनां॑ विश्वमिन्व॒ त्वे पू॒र्वीः सं॑द॒धुः पृ॑ष्टबन्धो ||
ágne bhū́rīṇi táva jātavedo déva svadhāvo 'mŕ̥tasya nā́ma yā́ś ca māyā́ māyínāṁ viśvaminva tvé pūrvī́ḥ saṁdadhúḥ pr̥ṣṭabandho
O Agni, Knower of all, God with self-sustaining power, immortal! Many are your names. Whatever magical powers exist, belonging to those who wield magic, O you who pervade all, they have been placed within you. O you whose bond is cherished!
This verse directly addresses Agni, acknowledging his many names and divine qualities. It calls him 'Jatavedas' (knower of all beings), a god who sustains himself ('svadhavaḥ'), and is immortal. The stanza then points out that even the 'maya' or magical powers of those who practice illusion ('mayinam') are placed within Agni. He is described as the one who fills everything ('vishvaminva') and is asked to gather these powers within himself, being the 'prishthabandhu' (one whose bond is cherished).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अग्ने भूरीणि तव जातवेदो ágne bhū́rīṇi táva jātavedaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. देव स्वधावो अमृतस्य नाम déva svadhāvaḥ amŕ̥tasya nā́ma (11 syllables)
- C. याः च मायाः मायिनां विश्वमिन्व yā́ḥ ca māyā́ḥ māyínām viśvaminva (11 syllables)
- D. त्वे पूर्वींः संदधुः पृष्टबन्धो tvé pūrvī́ḥ saṃdadhúḥ pr̥ṣṭabandho (11 syllables)
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
भूरीणि (bhū́rīṇi)
many, abundant
तव (táva)
your
जातवेदो (jātavedaḥ)
O Jatavedas (knower of all beings/treasures)
देव (déva)
O God
स्वधावो (svadhāvaḥ)
O self-sustaining one, O powerful one
अमृतस्य (amŕ̥tasya)
of the immortal
नाम (nā́ma)
names
याः (yā́ḥ)
which
च (ca)
and
मायाः (māyā́ḥ)
magical powers, illusions
मायिनां (māyínām)
of the magicians, of those who wield magic
विश्वमिन्व (viśvaminva)
O you who pervade all, O all-inspirer
त्वे (tvé)
in you
पूर्वींः (pūrvī́ḥ)
many
संदधुः (saṃdadhúḥ)
have joined together, have placed
पृष्टबन्धो (pr̥ṣṭabandho)
O you whose bond is cherished, O dear friend
Stanza 3.20.4
अ॒ग्निर्ने॒ता भग॑ इव क्षिती॒नां दैवी॑नां दे॒व ऋ॑तु॒पा ऋ॒तावा॑ | स वृ॑त्र॒हा स॒नयो॑ वि॒श्ववे॑दाः॒ पर्ष॒द्विश्वाति॑ दुरि॒ता गृ॒णन्त॑म् ||
agnír netā́ bhága iva kṣitīnā́ṁ daívīnāṁ devá r̥tupā́ r̥tā́vā sá vr̥trahā́ sanáyo viśvávedāḥ párṣad víśvā́ti duritā́ gr̥ṇántam
Agni is the divine leader of the people, like Bhaga, the protector of seasons and upholder of order. He is the ancient, all-knowing slayer of Vritra. May he carry the singer safely through all difficulties!
Agni is praised as the divine leader of communities, much like the god Bhaga. He is the guardian of seasons and upholds cosmic order (Rta). The verse identifies him as the vanquisher of Vritra (a serpent demon symbolizing drought/obstruction), ancient, and all-knowing. The prayer asks Agni to help the devotee, who is praising him, overcome all troubles and difficulties.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अग्निः नेता भगः इव क्षितीनां agníḥ netā́ bhágaḥ iva kṣitīnā́m (11 syllables)
- B. दैवीनां देव ऋतुपाः ऋतावा daívīnām deváḥ r̥tupā́ḥ r̥tā́vā (11 syllables)
- C. स वृत्रहा सनयः विश्ववेदाः sá vr̥trahā́ sanáyaḥ viśvávedāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. पर्षत् विश्वा अति दुरिता गृणन्तम् párṣat víśvā áti duritā́ gr̥ṇántam (11 syllables)
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
नेता (netā́)
leader, guide
भगः (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (a solar deity, god of fortune)
इव (iva)
like, as
क्षितीनां (kṣitīnā́m)
of the peoples, of the inhabitants
दैवीनां (daívīnām)
of the divine ones, of the gods
देव (deváḥ)
divine, god
ऋतुपाः (r̥tupā́ḥ)
protector of seasons, guardian of order
ऋतावा (r̥tā́vā)
upholder of Rta (cosmic order), truthful
स (sá)
he
वृत्रहा (vr̥trahā́)
slayer of Vritra (a demon of drought/obstruction)
सनयः (sanáyaḥ)
ancient
विश्ववेदाः (viśvávedāḥ)
all-knowing, possessor of all knowledge
पर्षत् (párṣat)
may he carry over, may he deliver
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
अति (áti)
across, beyond
दुरिता (duritā́)
hardships, evils, difficulties
गृणन्तम् (gr̥ṇántam)
the one who praises, the singer
Stanza 3.20.5
द॒धि॒क्राम॒ग्निमु॒षसं॑ च दे॒वीं बृह॒स्पतिं॑ सवि॒तारं॑ च दे॒वम् | अ॒श्विना॑ मि॒त्रावरु॑णा॒ भगं॑ च॒ वसू॑न्रु॒द्राँ आ॑दि॒त्याँ इ॒ह हु॑वे ||
dadhikrā́m agním uṣásaṁ ca devī́m bŕ̥haspátiṁ savitā́raṁ ca devám aśvínā mitrā́váruṇā bhágaṁ ca vásūn rudrā́m̐ ādityā́m̐ ihá huve
I invite here Dadhikra, Agni, and the goddess Dawn, Brihaspati and the god Savitr, the Ashvins, Mitra-Varuna, and Bhaga, the Vasus, Rudras, and Adityas!
The speaker is invoking a multitude of divine beings for help and presence. They call upon Dadhikra, Agni, the goddess Ushas, Brihaspati (lord of prayer), Savitr (the sun god), the Ashvins, the paired deities Mitra and Varuna, Bhaga (god of fortune), and even the celestial classes of Vasus, Rudras, and Adityas, inviting them all to be present for the ritual.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दधिक्राम् अग्निम् उषसम् च देवीम् dadhikrā́m agním uṣásam ca devī́m (11 syllables)
- B. बृहस्पतिं सवितारं च देवं bŕ̥haspátim savitā́ram ca devám (11 syllables)
- C. अश्विना मित्रावरुणा भगं च aśvínā mitrā́váruṇā bhágam ca (11 syllables)
- D. वसून् रुद्रान् आदित्यान् इह हुवे vásūn rudrā́n ādityā́n ihá huve (11 syllables)
दधिक्राम् (dadhikrā́m)
Dadhikra (a divine horse)
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni (the fire god)
उषसम् (uṣásam)
Ushas (the goddess of dawn)
च (ca)
and
देवीम् (devī́m)
goddess
बृहस्पतिं (bŕ̥haspátim)
Brihaspati (lord of prayer and hymns)
सवितारं (savitā́ram)
Savitr (the sun god, initiator)
च (ca)
and
देवं (devám)
god
अश्विना (aśvínā)
the twin Ashvins
मित्रावरुणा (mitrā́váruṇā)
Mitra and Varuna (a divine pair)
भगं (bhágam)
Bhaga (god of fortune)
च (ca)
and
वसून् (vásūn)
the Vasus (a group of eight deities)
रुद्रान् (rudrā́n)
the Rudras (a group of fierce deities)
आदित्यान् (ādityā́n)
the Adityas (a group of solar deities)
इह (ihá)
here, in this place
हुवे (huve)
I call, I invite