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Stanza 2.1.1
त्वम॑ग्ने॒ द्युभि॒स्त्वमा॑शुशु॒क्षणि॒स्त्वम॒द्भ्यस्त्वमश्म॑न॒स्परि॑ | त्वं वने॑भ्य॒स्त्वमोष॑धीभ्य॒स्त्वं नृ॒णां नृ॑पते जायसे॒ शुचिः॑ ||
tvám agne dyúbhis tvám āśuśukṣáṇis tvám adbhyás tvám áśmanas pári tváṁ vánebhyas tvám óṣadhībhyas tváṁ nr̥ṇā́ṁ nr̥pate jāyase śúciḥ
Oh Agni, you shine brightly with the days! You come forth from the waters, from the stones, from the forests, and from plants. You are born pure, O Lord of humankind!
This verse is a powerful invocation to Agni, the fire god, highlighting his diverse origins and his supreme nature. It declares that Agni is born from various elements like the sky (implied by 'dyúbhiḥ'), water, stone, wood, and plants, emphasizing his connection to all aspects of creation. He is addressed as the pure and radiant lord of humanity, signifying his vital role and presence in the world.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने द्युभिः त्वम आशुशुक्षणिः tvám agne dyúbhiḥ tvám āśuśukṣáṇiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. त्वम अद्भ्यः त्वम अश्मनः परि tvám adbhyáḥ tvám áśmanaḥ pári (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम वनेभ्यः त्वम औषधीभ्यः tvám vánebhyaḥ tvám óṣadhībhyaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम नृणाम नृपते जायसे शुचिः tvám nr̥ṇā́m nr̥pate jāyase śúciḥ (13 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
द्युभिः (dyúbhiḥ)
from the shining heavens/days
त्वम (tvám)
you
आशुशुक्षणिः (āśuśukṣáṇiḥ)
shining brightly
त्वम (tvám)
you
अद्भ्यः (adbhyáḥ)
from the waters
त्वम (tvám)
you
अश्मनः (áśmanaḥ)
from the stones
परि (pári)
around/from
त्वम (tvám)
you
वनेभ्यः (vánebhyaḥ)
from the forests
त्वम (tvám)
you
औषधीभ्यः (óṣadhībhyaḥ)
from the plants/herbs
त्वम (tvám)
you
नृणाम (nr̥ṇā́m)
of humans
नृपते (nr̥pate)
O Lord of men
जायसे (jāyase)
you are born
शुचिः (śúciḥ)
pure
Stanza 2.1.2
तवा॑ग्ने हो॒त्रं तव॑ पो॒त्रमृ॒त्वियं॒ तव॑ ने॒ष्ट्रं त्वम॒ग्निदृ॑ताय॒तः | तव॑ प्रशा॒स्त्रं त्वम॑ध्वरीयसि ब्र॒ह्मा चासि॑ गृ॒हप॑तिश्च नो॒ दमे॑ ||
távāgne hotráṁ táva potrám r̥tvíyaṁ táva neṣṭráṁ tvám agníd r̥tāyatáḥ táva praśāstráṁ tvám adhvarīyasi brahmā́ cā́si gr̥hápatiś ca no dáme
Your role as the Hotri is appointed at the right time. Your role as the Potri is appointed at the right time. Your role as the Neshtri is appointed at the right time. You are the Agnidha for the righteous path. Your role as the Prasastri is appointed at the right time. You perform the duties of the Adhvaryu. You are the Brahman and also the master of our home.
This stanza continues the praise of Agni by detailing his multifaceted roles in ritual and as a divine presence. It assigns various priestly functions to him – Hotri, Potri, Neshtri, Agnidha, Prasastri, Adhvaryu, and Brahman. Agni is depicted not just as a performer of duties but as the master of the house, overseeing and embodying the entire sacrificial process and domestic life.
Meter: Jagati
- A. तव अग्ने होत्रं तव पोत्रम् ऋत्वियं táva agne hotrám táva potrám r̥tvíyam (12 syllables)
- B. तव नेष्ट्रं त्वम अग्नीत् ऋतायतः táva neṣṭrám tvám agnít r̥tāyatáḥ (12 syllables)
- C. तव प्रशास्त्रं त्वम अध्वरीयसि táva praśāstrám tvám adhvarīyasi (12 syllables)
- D. ब्रह्मा च आसि गृहपतिः च नः दमे brahmā́ ca ási gr̥hápatiḥ ca naḥ dáme (12 syllables)
तव (táva)
yours
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
होत्रं (hotrám)
the function of the Hotri (priest)
तव (táva)
yours
पोत्रम् (potrám)
the function of the Potri (priest)
ऋत्वियं (r̥tvíyam)
seasonal/timely
तव (táva)
yours
नेष्ट्रं (neṣṭrám)
the function of the Neshtri (priest)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्नीत् (agnít)
the Agnidha (priest)
ऋतायतः (r̥tāyatáḥ)
of the one who upholds truth/order
तव (táva)
yours
प्रशास्त्रं (praśāstrám)
the function of the Prasastri (priest)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अध्वरीयसि (adhvarīyasi)
you act as the Adhvaryu (priest)
ब्रह्मा (brahmā́)
the Brahman (priest)
च (ca)
and
आसि (ási)
you are
गृहपतिः (gr̥hápatiḥ)
master of the house
च (ca)
and
नः (naḥ)
our
दमे (dáme)
in the house
Stanza 2.1.3
त्वम॑ग्न॒ इन्द्रो॑ वृष॒भः स॒ताम॑सि॒ त्वं विष्णु॑रुरुगा॒यो न॑म॒स्यः॑ | त्वं ब्र॒ह्मा र॑यि॒विद्ब्र॑ह्मणस्पते॒ त्वं वि॑धर्तः सचसे॒ पुरं॑ध्या ||
tvám agna índro vr̥ṣabháḥ satā́m asi tváṁ víṣṇur urugāyó namasyàḥ tvám brahmā́ rayivíd brahmaṇas pate tváṁ vidhartaḥ sacase púraṁdhyā
You, O Agni, are Indra, the powerful bull among beings. You are Vishnu, widely ranging and worthy of worship. You are the Brahman who finds wealth, O Lord of sacred speech. You, O Sustainer, are united with divine wisdom.
This verse continues to elevate Agni by identifying him with other major Vedic deities, showcasing his supreme and all-encompassing nature. Agni is addressed as Indra, the mighty king; Vishnu, who strides across the universe; and Brahmanaspati, the lord of sacred utterances who finds wealth. He is also called Vidhartar, the sustainer, implying his role in maintaining cosmic order and harmony.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने इन्द्रः वृषभः सताम असि tvám agne índraḥ vr̥ṣabháḥ satā́m asi (12 syllables)
- B. त्वम विष्णुः उरुगायो नमस्यः tvám víṣṇuḥ urugāyáḥ namasyàḥ (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम ब्रह्मा रयिवित् ब्रह्मणः पते tvám brahmā́ rayivít brahmaṇaḥ pate (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम विधर्तः सचसे पुरंध्या tvám vidhartar sacase púraṃdhyā (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
वृषभः (vr̥ṣabháḥ)
bull (powerful)
सताम (satā́m)
among beings
असि (asi)
you are
त्वम (tvám)
you
विष्णुः (víṣṇuḥ)
Vishnu
उरुगायो (urugāyáḥ)
wide-ranging/greatly praised
नमस्यः (namasyàḥ)
worthy of worship
त्वम (tvám)
you
ब्रह्मा (brahmā́)
the priest/sacred knowledge
रयिवित् (rayivít)
wealth-finder
ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ)
of sacred speech/knowledge
पते (pate)
O Lord
त्वम (tvám)
you
विधर्तः (vidhartar)
O Sustainer
सचसे (sacase)
you associate with/follow
पुरंध्या (púraṃdhyā)
with divine wisdom/benevolence
Stanza 2.1.4
त्वम॑ग्ने॒ राजा॒ वरु॑णो धृ॒तव्र॑त॒स्त्वं मि॒त्रो भ॑वसि द॒स्म ईड्यः॑ | त्वम॑र्य॒मा सत्प॑ति॒र्यस्य॑ स॒म्भुजं॒ त्वमंशो॑ वि॒दथे॑ देव भाज॒युः ||
tvám agne rā́jā váruṇo dhr̥távratas tvám mitró bhavasi dasmá ī́ḍyaḥ tvám aryamā́ sátpatir yásya sambhújaṁ tvám áṁśo vidáthe deva bhājayúḥ
You, O Agni, are King Varuna, whose vows are firm. You become Mitra, the wonderful one, worthy of praise. You are Aryaman, the lord of beings, whose favor can be enjoyed. You, O god, are Amsa, eager to distribute blessings.
This verse continues the theme of Agni embodying various cosmic and divine roles, equating him with key deities who uphold order and are worthy of reverence. Agni is identified as King Varuna, the upholder of cosmic laws; Mitra, the friendly and wondrous one; and Aryaman, the leader of heroes. He is also recognized as Amsa, the distributor of blessings, highlighting his benevolent and powerful nature in governing the universe.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने राजा वरुणः धृतव्रतः tvám agne rā́jā váruṇaḥ dhr̥távrataḥ (12 syllables)
- B. त्वम मित्रः भवसि दस्मः ईड्यः tvám mitráḥ bhavasi dasmáḥ ī́ḍyaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम अर्यमा सत्पतिः यस्य सम्भुजं tvám aryamā́ sátpatiḥ yásya sambhújam (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम अंशः विदथे देव भाजयुः tvám áṃśaḥ vidáthe deva bhājayúḥ (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
राजा (rā́jā)
king
वरुणः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna
धृतव्रतः (dhr̥távrataḥ)
one who upholds vows
त्वम (tvám)
you
मित्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra
भवसि (bhavasi)
you become
दस्मः (dasmáḥ)
wonderful/powerful
ईड्यः (ī́ḍyaḥ)
worthy of praise/worship
त्वम (tvám)
you
अर्यमा (aryamā́)
Aryaman
सत्पतिः (sátpatiḥ)
lord of beings
यस्य (yásya)
whose
सम्भुजं (sambhújam)
enjoyable/beneficial
त्वम (tvám)
you
अंशः (áṃśaḥ)
Amsa (the distributor)
विदथे (vidáthe)
in the assembly/gathering
देव (deva)
O god
भाजयुः (bhājayúḥ)
eager to distribute/share
Stanza 2.1.5
त्वम॑ग्ने॒ त्वष्टा॑ विध॒ते सु॒वीर्यं॒ तव॒ ग्नावो॑ मित्रमहः सजा॒त्य॑म् | त्वमा॑शु॒हेमा॑ ररिषे॒ स्वश्व्यं॒ त्वं न॒रां शर्धो॑ असि पुरू॒वसुः॑ ||
tvám agne tváṣṭā vidhaté suvī́ryaṁ táva gnā́vo mitramahaḥ sajātyàm tvám āśuhémā rariṣe sváśvyaṁ tváṁ narā́ṁ śárdho asi purūvásuḥ
You, O Agni, as Tvashṭar, grant excellent strength to the worshipper. Your connection with the divine mothers, O Mitra-great one, is kinship. You, swift and powerful, bestow splendid horses. You are a host of heroes, rich in wealth.
In this verse, Agni's role as a divine artisan and bestower of blessings is highlighted. He is identified with Tvashṭar, the divine craftsman, providing strength and skill to his devotees. He is praised for his kinship with divine feminine powers (Gnāvaḥ) and his magnanimity, similar to Mitra. Agni is also depicted as a swift provider of horses and a source of abundant wealth, making him a protector and sustainer of his followers.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने त्वष्टा विधते सुवीर्यं tvám agne tváṣṭā vidhaté suvī́ryam (12 syllables)
- B. तव ग्नावो मित्रमहः सजात्यं táva gnā́vaḥ mitramahaḥ sajātyàm (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम आशुहेमा ररिषे श्वश्वयं tvám āśuhémā rariṣe sváśvyam (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम नराम शर्धः असि पुरुवसुः tvám narā́m śárdhaḥ asi purūvásuḥ (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvashṭar (the divine craftsman)
विधते (vidhaté)
to the one who offers service
सुवीर्यं (suvī́ryam)
excellent strength/heroism
तव (táva)
your
ग्नावो (gnā́vaḥ)
O divine mothers/powers
मित्रमहः (mitramahaḥ)
O great one like Mitra
सजात्यं (sajātyàm)
kinship/belonging
त्वम (tvám)
you
आशुहेमा (āśuhémā)
swift chariot/powerful one
ररिषे (rariṣe)
you bestow
श्वश्वयं (sváśvyam)
splendid horses
त्वम (tvám)
you
नराम (narā́m)
of men/heroes
शर्धः (śárdhaḥ)
host/group
असि (asi)
you are
पुरुवसुः (purūvásuḥ)
rich in abundant wealth
Stanza 2.1.6
त्वम॑ग्ने रु॒द्रो असु॑रो म॒हो दि॒वस्त्वं शर्धो॒ मारु॑तं पृ॒क्ष ई॑शिषे | त्वं वातै॑ररु॒णैर्या॑सि शंग॒यस्त्वं पू॒षा वि॑ध॒तः पा॑सि॒ नु त्मना॑ ||
tvám agne rudró ásuro mahó divás tváṁ śárdho mā́rutam pr̥kṣá īśiṣe tváṁ vā́tair aruṇaír yāsi śaṁgayás tvám pūṣā́ vidhatáḥ pāsi nú tmánā
You, O Agni, are Rudra, the powerful Asura of the great heavens. You rule over nourishment as the host of the Maruts. You travel with the red winds, bringing happiness to our home. You, as Pushan, protect your worshippers with your own might.
This verse identifies Agni with fierce and powerful divine forces that control the elements and provide sustenance. Agni is invoked as Rudra, the powerful and awe-inspiring deity; Asura, the controller of cosmic powers; and the leader of the Maruts, the storm gods. He is also associated with the wind and nourishment, traveling with red-hued winds, and protecting his worshippers as the god Pushan.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने रुद्रः असुरः महः दिवः tvám agne rudráḥ ásuraḥ maháḥ diváḥ (12 syllables)
- B. त्वम शर्धः मारुतं पृक्षः ईशिषे tvám śárdhaḥ mā́rutam pr̥kṣáḥ īśiṣe (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम वातेः अरुणैः यासि शंगयः tvám vā́taiḥ aruṇaíḥ yāsi śaṃgayáḥ (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम पूषा विधतः पासि नु त्मना tvám pūṣā́ vidhatáḥ pāsi nú tmánā (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
रुद्रः (rudráḥ)
Rudra (a fierce deity)
असुरः (ásuraḥ)
Asura (divine power)
महः (maháḥ)
great
दिवः (diváḥ)
of heaven
त्वम (tvám)
you
शर्धः (śárdhaḥ)
host/army
मारुतं (mā́rutam)
of the Maruts (storm gods)
पृक्षः (pr̥kṣáḥ)
nourishment/food
ईशिषे (īśiṣe)
you rule/command
त्वम (tvám)
you
वातेः (vā́taiḥ)
with the winds
अरुणैः (aruṇaíḥ)
red/fiery ones
यासि (yāsi)
you travel/go
शंगयः (śaṃgayáḥ)
bringing happiness/well-being
त्वम (tvám)
you
पूषा (pūṣā́)
Pushan (the nourisher)
विधतः (vidhatáḥ)
those who offer service
पासि (pāsi)
you protect
नु (nú)
indeed/now
त्मना (tmánā)
by yourself/with your own self
Stanza 2.1.7
त्वम॑ग्ने द्रविणो॒दा अ॑रं॒कृते॒ त्वं दे॒वः स॑वि॒ता र॑त्न॒धा अ॑सि | त्वं भगो॑ नृपते॒ वस्व॑ ईशिषे॒ त्वं पा॒युर्दमे॒ यस्तेऽवि॑धत् ||
tvám agne draviṇodā́ araṁkŕ̥te tváṁ deváḥ savitā́ ratnadhā́ asi tvám bhágo nr̥pate vásva īśiṣe tvám pāyúr dáme yás té 'vidhat
You, O Agni, are a giver of wealth to those who are prepared. You are the god Savitar, the bestower of treasures. You, O Lord of men, rule over wealth. You are the protector in the home for the one who has honored you.
This stanza continues to attribute supreme qualities to Agni, portraying him as a source of wealth and blessings for his devotees. He is recognized as the bestower of wealth for those who serve him, and as the god Savitar, the energizer who grants treasures. As Bhaga, the god of fortune, he governs wealth, and as a protector, he watches over those who have worshipped him.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने द्रविणोदाः अरंकृते tvám agne draviṇodā́ḥ araṃkŕ̥te (12 syllables)
- B. त्वम देवः सविता रत्नधाः असि tvám deváḥ savitā́ ratnadhā́ḥ asi (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम भगः नृपते वस्वः ईशिषे tvám bhágaḥ nr̥pate vásvaḥ īśiṣe (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम पायुः दमे यः ते अवि * धत् tvám pāyúḥ dáme yáḥ te ávidhat (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
द्रविणोदाः (draviṇodā́ḥ)
giver of wealth
अरंकृते (araṃkŕ̥te)
to the one who is ready/prepared
त्वम (tvám)
you
देवः (deváḥ)
god
सविता (savitā́)
Savitar (the impeller/energizer)
रत्नधाः (ratnadhā́ḥ)
bestower of treasures
असि (asi)
you are
त्वम (tvám)
you
भगः (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (god of fortune)
नृपते (nr̥pate)
O Lord of men
वस्वः (vásvaḥ)
of wealth
ईशिषे (īśiṣe)
you rule/command
त्वम (tvám)
you
पायुः (pāyúḥ)
protector/guardian
दमे (dáme)
in the house
यः (yáḥ)
who
ते (te)
to you
अवि * धत् (ávidhat)
has honored/worshipped
Stanza 2.1.8
त्वाम॑ग्ने॒ दम॒ आ वि॒श्पतिं॒ विश॒स्त्वां राजा॑नं सुवि॒दत्र॑मृञ्जते | त्वं विश्वा॑नि स्वनीक पत्यसे॒ त्वं स॒हस्रा॑णि श॒ता दश॒ प्रति॑ ||
tvā́m agne dáma ā́ viśpátiṁ víśas tvā́ṁ rā́jānaṁ suvidátram r̥ñjate tváṁ víśvāni svanīka patyase tváṁ sahásrāṇi śatā́ dáśa práti
You, O Agni, are the lord of the home. The people approach you, the king who is gracious to give, with their clans. You, with your beautiful appearance, rule over all things. You are superior to thousands, hundreds, and tens.
This verse emphasizes Agni's position as the supreme ruler and protector within the community and the cosmos. He is the lord of the household, whom the people and clans approach with reverence. Agni is described as a king with a beautiful countenance, possessing dominion over all things, and surpassing countless others in importance. He is the ultimate authority and source of stability.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वाम अग्ने दमे आ विश्वपतिं विशः tvā́m agne dáme ā́ viśpátim víśaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. त्वाम राजानं सुविदत्रं ऋञ्जते tvā́m rā́jānam suvidátram r̥ñjate (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम विश्वानि सुनीक पत्यसे tvám víśvāni svanīka patyase (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम सहस्राणि शता दश प्रति tvám sahásrāṇi śatā́ dáśa práti (12 syllables)
त्वाम (tvā́m)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
दमे (dáme)
in the house
आ (ā́)
towards
विश्वपतिं (viśpátim)
lord of the people/clan
विशः (víśaḥ)
people/clans
त्वाम (tvā́m)
you
राजानं (rā́jānam)
the king
सुविदत्रं (suvidátram)
gracious giver/bestower of good
ऋञ्जते (r̥ñjate)
they approach/seek
त्वम (tvám)
you
विश्वानि (víśvāni)
all things
सुनीक (svanīka)
O beautiful-faced one
पत्यसे (patyase)
you rule
त्वम (tvám)
you
सहस्राणि (sahásrāṇi)
thousands
शता (śatā́)
hundreds
दश (dáśa)
ten
प्रति (práti)
in comparison/against
Stanza 2.1.9
त्वाम॑ग्ने पि॒तर॑मि॒ष्टिभि॒र्नर॒स्त्वां भ्रा॒त्राय॒ शम्या॑ तनू॒रुच॑म् | त्वं पु॒त्रो भ॑वसि॒ यस्तेऽवि॑ध॒त्त्वं सखा॑ सु॒शेवः॑ पास्या॒धृषः॑ ||
tvā́m agne pitáram iṣṭíbhir náras tvā́m bhrātrā́ya śámyā tanūrúcam tvám putró bhavasi yás té 'vidhat tváṁ sákhā suśévaḥ pāsy ādhŕ̥ṣaḥ
Men make you their father through sacrifices, O Agni. They seek brotherhood with you, the shining one, through their actions. You become a son to the one who has honored you. As a kind friend, you protect against attack.
This verse beautifully illustrates Agni's relational roles with humans, depicting him as a father, brother, and friend. He is seen as a father figure for those who offer sacrifices, a bright companion in brotherhood for those who perform rituals, and a son to those who worship him. Agni is also a loyal and protective friend, guarding his devotees against harm.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वाम अग्ने पितरं इष्टिभिः नरः tvā́m agne pitáram iṣṭíbhiḥ náraḥ (12 syllables)
- B. त्वाम भ्रात्रां शम्या त. नुरूचं tvā́m bhrātrā́ya śámyā tanūrúcam (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम पुत्रः भवसि यः ते अवि * धत् tvám putráḥ bhavasi yáḥ te ávidhat (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम सखा सुशेवः पासि आधृषः tvám sákhā suśévaḥ pāsi ādhŕ̥ṣaḥ (12 syllables)
त्वाम (tvā́m)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
पितरं (pitáram)
father
इष्टिभिः (iṣṭíbhiḥ)
with sacrifices
नरः (náraḥ)
men
त्वाम (tvā́m)
you
भ्रात्रां (bhrātrā́ya)
for brotherhood
शम्या (śámyā)
with effort/action
त. नुरूचं (tanūrúcam)
shining in form/body
त्वम (tvám)
you
पुत्रः (putráḥ)
son
भवसि (bhavasi)
you become
यः (yáḥ)
who
ते (te)
to you
अवि * धत् (ávidhat)
has honored/served
त्वम (tvám)
you
सखा (sákhā)
friend
सुशेवः (suśévaḥ)
kind/benevolent
पासि (pāsi)
you protect
आधृषः (ādhŕ̥ṣaḥ)
from attack/harm
Stanza 2.1.10
त्वम॑ग्न ऋ॒भुरा॒के न॑म॒स्य१॒॑स्त्वं वाज॑स्य क्षु॒मतो॑ रा॒य ई॑शिषे | त्वं वि भा॒स्यनु॑ दक्षि दा॒वने॒ त्वं वि॒शिक्षु॑रसि य॒ज्ञमा॒तनिः॑ ||
tvám agna r̥bhúr āké namasyàs tváṁ vā́jasya kṣumáto rāyá īśiṣe tváṁ ví bhāsy ánu dakṣi dāváne tváṁ viśíkṣur asi yajñám ātániḥ
You, O Agni, are Ribhu, worthy of worship when near. You rule over strength and wealth abundant with food. You shine brightly, you burn for the sake of giving. You are a skilled craftsman, an expander of sacrifice.
This verse praises Agni as a divine craftsman and controller of resources, similar to the skilled Ribhu. He is revered as being present and worthy of worship. Agni is described as ruling over strength and abundant wealth, shining brightly and actively bestowing gifts. He is also depicted as a vital force in sacrifice, facilitating its expansion and success.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने ऋभुः आके नमस्यः tvám agne r̥bhúḥ āké namasyàḥ (12 syllables)
- B. त्वम वाजस्य क्षुमतो रायः ईशिषे tvám vā́jasya kṣumátaḥ rāyáḥ īśiṣe (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम वि भासि अनु दक्ष दावाने tvám ví bhāsi ánu dakṣi dāváne (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम विषिक्षुः असि यज्ञं आतनिः tvám viśíkṣuḥ asi yajñám ātániḥ (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
ऋभुः (r̥bhúḥ)
Ribhu (a skilled craftsman)
आके (āké)
nearby
नमस्यः (namasyàḥ)
worthy of worship
त्वम (tvám)
you
वाजस्य (vā́jasya)
of strength/food
क्षुमतो (kṣumátaḥ)
full of food/vigorous
रायः (rāyáḥ)
of wealth
ईशिषे (īśiṣe)
you rule
त्वम (tvám)
you
वि (ví)
brightly
भासि (bhāsi)
you shine
अनु (ánu)
following/throughout
दक्ष (dakṣi)
burn/shine
दावाने (dāváne)
for giving
त्वम (tvám)
you
विषिक्षुः (viśíkṣuḥ)
skilled craftsman/divider
असि (asi)
you are
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
आतनिः (ātániḥ)
expander/sustainer
Stanza 2.1.11
त्वम॑ग्ने॒ अदि॑तिर्देव दा॒शुषे॒ त्वं होत्रा॒ भार॑ती वर्धसे गि॒रा | त्वमिळा॑ श॒तहि॑मासि॒ दक्ष॑से॒ त्वं वृ॑त्र॒हा व॑सुपते॒ सर॑स्वती ||
tvám agne áditir deva dāśúṣe tváṁ hótrā bhā́ratī vardhase girā́ tvám íḷā śatáhimāsi dákṣase tváṁ vr̥trahā́ vasupate sárasvatī
You, O Agni, are Aditi to the worshipper, O god. You, O Bharati, grow strong with praise. You are Ila, living a hundred winters, for strength. You are the slayer of Vritra, O Lord of wealth, you are Sarasvati.
This verse highlights Agni's divine motherly and nurturing aspects, identifying him with Aditi, the mother of gods, and Bharati, the nourisher of speech and song. He is also linked to Ila, the goddess of sustenance and abundance, who lives for a long time. Furthermore, Agni is recognized as the slayer of Vritra, the symbol of obstruction, and as Sarasvati, the flowing goddess of knowledge and rivers.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने अदितिः देव दाशुषे tvám agne áditiḥ deva dāśúṣe (12 syllables)
- B. त्वम होत्रा भारती वर्धसे गिरा tvám hótrā bhā́ratī vardhase girā́ (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम इळा शतहिमा असि दक्षसे tvám íḷā śatáhimā asi dákṣase (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम वृत्रहा वसु * पते सरस्वती tvám vr̥trahā́ vasupate sárasvatī (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अदितिः (áditiḥ)
Aditi (mother of gods)
देव (deva)
O god
दाशुषे (dāśúṣe)
to the worshipper/giver
त्वम (tvám)
you
होत्रा (hótrā)
the performer of sacrifice
भारती (bhā́ratī)
Bharati (goddess of speech/nourishment)
वर्धसे (vardhase)
you grow/strengthen
गिरा (girā́)
with song/praise
त्वम (tvám)
you
इळा (íḷā)
Ila (goddess of sustenance)
शतहिमा (śatáhimā)
living a hundred winters
असि (asi)
you are
दक्षसे (dákṣase)
for ability/strength
त्वम (tvám)
you
वृत्रहा (vr̥trahā́)
slayer of Vritra (obstruction)
वसु * पते (vasupate)
O Lord of wealth
सरस्वती (sárasvatī)
Sarasvati (goddess of rivers/knowledge)
Stanza 2.1.12
त्वम॑ग्ने॒ सुभृ॑त उत्त॒मं वय॒स्तव॑ स्पा॒र्हे वर्ण॒ आ सं॒दृशि॒ श्रियः॑ | त्वं वाजः॑ प्र॒तर॑णो बृ॒हन्न॑सि॒ त्वं र॒यिर्ब॑हु॒लो वि॒श्वत॑स्पृ॒थुः ||
tvám agne súbhr̥ta uttamáṁ váyas táva spārhé várṇa ā́ saṁdŕ̥śi śríyaḥ tváṁ vā́jaḥ pratáraṇo br̥hánn asi tváṁ rayír bahuló viśvátas pr̥thúḥ
You, O Agni, well-supported, are the highest vital power. In your delightful appearance and form, all beauties reside. You are the great strength that carries us forward. You are abundant wealth, spread widely everywhere.
This verse continues to praise Agni's supreme qualities, describing him as the highest vital power and embodying all glories. Agni is identified with great strength ('Vāja') and is seen as a facilitator of progress. He is also depicted as abundant wealth, spread widely in all directions, signifying his universal presence and beneficence.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अग्ने सुभृतः उत्तमं वयः tvám agne súbhr̥taḥ uttamám váyaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. तव स्पार्हे वर्ण आ संदृशि श्रि यः táva spārhé várṇe ā́ saṃdŕ̥śi śríyaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. त्वम वाजः प्रतरणः बृहन असि tvám vā́jaḥ pratáraṇaḥ br̥hán asi (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम रयिः बहुलो विश्वतस पृथुः tvám rayíḥ bahuláḥ viśvátas pr̥thúḥ (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
सुभृतः (súbhr̥taḥ)
well-supported/nourished
उत्तमं (uttamám)
highest/supreme
वयः (váyaḥ)
vital power/strength
तव (táva)
your
स्पार्हे (spārhé)
desirable/splendid
वर्ण (várṇe)
in color/appearance
आ (ā́)
in
संदृशि (saṃdŕ̥śi)
in sight/form
श्रि यः (śríyaḥ)
of glories/beauties
त्वम (tvám)
you
वाजः (vā́jaḥ)
strength/vigour
प्रतरणः (pratáraṇaḥ)
carrying forward/facilitating
बृहन (br̥hán)
great/vast
असि (asi)
you are
त्वम (tvám)
you
रयिः (rayíḥ)
wealth
बहुलो (bahuláḥ)
abundant/manifold
विश्वतस (viśvátas)
from all sides/everywhere
पृथुः (pr̥thúḥ)
wide/spread out
Stanza 2.1.13
त्वाम॑ग्न आदि॒त्यास॑ आ॒स्यं१॒॑ त्वां जि॒ह्वां शुच॑यश्चक्रिरे कवे | त्वां रा॑ति॒षाचो॑ अध्व॒रेषु॑ सश्चिरे॒ त्वे दे॒वा ह॒विर॑द॒न्त्याहु॑तम् ||
tvā́m agna ādityā́sa āsyàṁ tvā́ṁ jihvā́ṁ śúcayaś cakrire kave tvā́ṁ rātiṣā́co adhvaréṣu saścire tvé devā́ havír adanty ā́hutam
You, O Agni, are the mouth for the Adityas. You are the tongue for the bright ones, O Sage. Those who love offerings hold onto you in the ceremonies. Through you, the gods eat the offered food.
This verse speaks to Agni's central role in connecting the divine and human realms, especially during rituals. He is described as the 'mouth' and 'tongue' of the Adityas and other radiant gods, through whom they consume offerings. Agni is also the focal point for those who offer gifts, and it is through him that the gods partake in the divine feast, making him the essential mediator.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वाम अग्ने आदित्याः आस्यं tvā́m agne ādityā́saḥ āsyàm (12 syllables)
- B. त्वाम जिह्वां शुचयः चक्रिरे कवे tvā́m jihvā́m śúcayaḥ cakrire kave (12 syllables)
- C. त्वाम रात्रिषाचः अध्वरेषु सश्चिरे tvā́m rātiṣā́caḥ adhvaréṣu saścire (12 syllables)
- D. त्वे देवाः हविः अदन्ति आहुतं tvé devā́ḥ havíḥ adanti ā́hutam (12 syllables)
त्वाम (tvā́m)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
आदित्याः (ādityā́saḥ)
the Adityas (solar deities)
आस्यं (āsyàm)
mouth
त्वाम (tvā́m)
you
जिह्वां (jihvā́m)
tongue
शुचयः (śúcayaḥ)
bright/pure ones
चक्रिरे (cakrire)
they made
कवे (kave)
O Sage/Seer
त्वाम (tvā́m)
you
रात्रिषाचः (rātiṣā́caḥ)
those who partake in gifts/offerings
अध्वरेषु (adhvaréṣu)
in the sacrifices/rituals
सश्चिरे (saścire)
they accompanied/joined
त्वे (tvé)
in you
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
हविः (havíḥ)
offering
अदन्ति (adanti)
they eat
आहुतं (ā́hutam)
which has been offered
Stanza 2.1.14
त्वे अ॑ग्ने॒ विश्वे॑ अ॒मृता॑सो अ॒द्रुह॑ आ॒सा दे॒वा ह॒विर॑द॒न्त्याहु॑तम् | त्वया॒ मर्ता॑सः स्वदन्त आसु॒तिं त्वं गर्भो॑ वी॒रुधां॑ जज्ञिषे॒ शुचिः॑ ||
tvé agne víśve amŕ̥tāso adrúha āsā́ devā́ havír adanty ā́hutam tváyā mártāsaḥ svadanta āsutíṁ tváṁ gárbho vīrúdhāṁ jajñiṣe śúciḥ
In you, O Agni, all the guileless immortal gods eat the offered food with their mouths. Through you, mortals enjoy their drinks. You have been born as the pure embryo of plants.
This verse continues the theme of Agni as the divine intermediary, emphasizing his role in facilitating the communion between gods and mortals. It states that all pure, immortal gods 'eat' through Agni's 'mouth' (the sacrificial fire). Mortals also find sweetness in their drinks through him. Agni is born pure, representing the nascent energy of plant life, symbolizing his connection to creation and sustenance.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वे अग्ने विश्वे अमृतासः अद्रुहः tvé agne víśve amŕ̥tāsaḥ adrúhaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. आसा देवाः हविः अदन्ति आहुतं āsā́ devā́ḥ havíḥ adanti ā́hutam (12 syllables)
- C. त्वया मर्तासः स्वादन्ते आसुतिं tváyā mártāsaḥ svadante āsutím (12 syllables)
- D. त्वम गर्भः वीरुधां जज्ञिषे शुचिः tvám gárbhaḥ vīrúdhām jajñiṣe śúciḥ (12 syllables)
त्वे (tvé)
in you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
विश्वे (víśve)
all
अमृतासः (amŕ̥tāsaḥ)
immortal ones
अद्रुहः (adrúhaḥ)
guileless/non-deceptive
आसा (āsā́)
with the mouth
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
हविः (havíḥ)
offering
अदन्ति (adanti)
they eat
आहुतं (ā́hutam)
which has been offered
त्वया (tváyā)
through you
मर्तासः (mártāsaḥ)
mortals
स्वादन्ते (svadante)
they taste/enjoy
आसुतिं (āsutím)
drink/beverage
त्वम (tvám)
you
गर्भः (gárbhaḥ)
embryo/child
वीरुधां (vīrúdhām)
of plants/herbs
जज्ञिषे (jajñiṣe)
you have been born
शुचिः (śúciḥ)
pure
Stanza 2.1.15
त्वं तान्त्सं च॒ प्रति॑ चासि म॒ज्मनाग्ने॑ सुजात॒ प्र च॑ देव रिच्यसे | पृ॒क्षो यदत्र॑ महि॒ना वि ते॒ भुव॒दनु॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी रोद॑सी उ॒भे ||
tváṁ tā́n sáṁ ca práti cāsi majmánā́gne sujāta prá ca deva ricyase pr̥kṣó yád átra mahinā́ ví te bhúvad ánu dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ ródasī ubhé
You, O Agni, are united with them and exceed them in strength. You, O well-born god, surpass them when your greatness expands here over Heaven and Earth, over both worlds.
This verse describes Agni's powerful presence and his ability to unite with and surpass all beings. He is described as being one with and exceeding 'them' (likely the deities or forces mentioned previously) in strength and majesty. Agni, the well-born god, becomes preeminent when his greatness expands across the heavens and earth, encompassing all existence.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम तान् सं च प्रति च असि मज्ज्ना tvám tā́n sám ca práti ca asi majmánā (12 syllables)
- B. अग्ने सुजात प्र च देव रिच्यसे ágne sujāta prá ca deva ricyase (12 syllables)
- C. पृक्षः यत् अत्र महिना वि ते भुवत् pr̥kṣáḥ yát átra mahinā́ ví te bhúvat (12 syllables)
- D. अनु द्यावापृथिवी रोदसी उभे ánu dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ ródasī ubhé (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
तान् (tā́n)
them
सं (sám)
together
च (ca)
and
प्रति (práti)
and also/furthermore
च (ca)
and
असि (asi)
you are
मज्ज्ना (majmánā)
in strength/majesty
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
सुजात (sujāta)
O well-born one
प्र (prá)
forward
च (ca)
and
देव (deva)
O god
रिच्यसे (ricyase)
you surpass/exceed
पृक्षः (pr̥kṣáḥ)
strength/power
यत् (yát)
when
अत्र (átra)
here
महिना (mahinā́)
with greatness
वि (ví)
spread out
ते (te)
your
भुवत् (bhúvat)
it becomes/expands
अनु (ánu)
over/along
द्यावापृथिवी (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
Heaven and Earth
रोदसी (ródasī)
worlds (heaven and earth)
उभे (ubhé)
both
Stanza 2.1.16
ये स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ गोअ॑ग्रा॒मश्व॑पेशस॒मग्ने॑ रा॒तिमु॑पसृ॒जन्ति॑ सू॒रयः॑ | अ॒स्माञ्च॒ ताँश्च॒ प्र हि नेषि॒ वस्य॒ आ बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ||
yé stotŕ̥bhyo góagrām áśvapeśasam ágne rātím upasr̥jánti sūráyaḥ asmā́ñ ca tā́ṁś ca prá hí néṣi vásya ā́ br̥hád vadema vidáthe suvī́rāḥ
The liberal lords who offer gifts, headed by cows and adorned with horses, to you, O Agni, and to your singers: lead both us and them to welfare. May we speak proudly in the assembly, rich in valiant men.
This verse concludes the hymn by focusing on Agni's role in rewarding generous worshippers and leading them to prosperity. Those who offer rich gifts, headed by cows and adorned with horses, to Agni and his praisers are promised advancement. Agni is asked to lead both the givers and the singers to a higher state of well-being, enabling them to speak proudly in assemblies with valiant companions.
Meter: Jagati
- A. ये स्तोतृभ्यः गोअग्रां अश्वपेशसम् yé stotŕ̥bhyaḥ góagrām áśvapeśasam (12 syllables)
- B. अग्ने रातिं उपसृजन्ति सूरयः ágne rātím upasr̥jánti sūráyaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. अस्मान च ताँ च प्र हि नेषि आ asmā́n ca tā́n ca prá hí néṣi vásyaḥ ā́ (12 syllables)
- D. बृहत वदेम विदथे सुवीराः br̥hát vadema vidáthe suvī́rāḥ (11 syllables)
ये (yé)
who
स्तोतृभ्यः (stotŕ̥bhyaḥ)
to the singers/praisers
गोअग्रां (góagrām)
headed by cows
अश्वपेशसम् (áśvapeśasam)
adorned with horses
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
रातिं (rātím)
gift/offering
उपसृजन्ति (upasr̥jánti)
they send/offer
सूरयः (sūráyaḥ)
liberal lords/generous ones
अस्मान (asmā́n)
us
च (ca)
and
ताँ (tā́n)
them
च (ca)
and
प्र (prá)
forward
हि (hí)
indeed
नेषि (néṣi)
lead (you)
(vásyaḥ)
आ (ā́)
to
बृहत (br̥hát)
greatly/loudly
वदेम (vadema)
may we speak
विदथे (vidáthe)
in the assembly
सुवीराः (suvī́rāḥ)
rich in valiant men