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Stanza 2.16.1
प्र वः॑ स॒तां ज्येष्ठ॑तमाय सुष्टु॒तिम॒ग्नावि॑व समिधा॒ने ह॒विर्भ॑रे | इन्द्र॑मजु॒र्यं ज॒रय॑न्तमुक्षि॒तं स॒नाद्युवा॑न॒मव॑से हवामहे ||
prá vaḥ satā́ṁ jyéṣṭhatamāya suṣṭutím agnā́v iva samidhāné havír bhare índram ajuryáṁ jaráyantam ukṣitáṁ sanā́d yúvānam ávase havāmahe
We bring our best praise to you, Indra, like an offering in a well-kindled fire. We call on you for help, the unchanging, ever-young, who strengthens all.
This verse is a heartfelt invocation to Indra, the king of the gods. The speaker is offering praise and a ritual offering, comparing it to kindling a fire with fuel. They are calling upon Indra for protection, describing him as eternally youthful and powerful, someone who strengthens and upholds everything.
Meter: Jagati
- A. प्र वः सतां ज्येष्ठतमय सुष्टुतिम् prá vaḥ satā́m jyéṣṭhatamāya suṣṭutím (12 syllables)
- B. अग्नावि इव समिधाने हविः भरे agnaú iva samidhāné havíḥ bhare (12 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रम् अजुर्यम् जरयन्तम् उक्षितम् índram ajuryám jaráyantam ukṣitám (12 syllables)
- D. सनात् युवानम् अवसे हवामहे sanā́t yúvānam ávase havāmahe (12 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forward
वः (vaḥ)
your
सतां (satā́m)
of those who exist / of the existent
ज्येष्ठतमय (jyéṣṭhatamāya)
to the very best
सुष्टुतिम् (suṣṭutím)
good praise
अग्नावि (agnaú)
in the fire
इव (iva)
like
समिधाने (samidhāné)
when kindled
हविः (havíḥ)
offering
भरे (bhare)
I bring
इन्द्रम् (índram)
Indra
अजुर्यम् (ajuryám)
unaging, eternal
जरयन्तम् (jaráyantam)
causing to decay
उक्षितम् (ukṣitám)
nourished, strengthened
सनात् (sanā́t)
always, from of old
युवानम् (yúvānam)
youthful
अवसे (ávase)
for protection
हवामहे (havāmahe)
we call
Stanza 2.16.2
यस्मा॒दिन्द्रा॑द्बृह॒तः किं च॒नेमृ॒ते विश्वा॑न्यस्मि॒न्त्सम्भृ॒ताधि॑ वी॒र्या॑ | ज॒ठरे॒ सोमं॑ त॒न्वी॒३॒॑ सहो॒ महो॒ हस्ते॒ वज्रं॒ भर॑ति शी॒र्षणि॒ क्रतु॑म् ||
yásmād índrād br̥hatáḥ kíṁ caném r̥té víśvāny asmin sámbhr̥tā́dhi vīryāā̀ jaṭháre sómaṁ tanvīā̀ sáho máho háste vájram bhárati śīrṣáṇi krátum
Without Indra, the great one, nothing exists. All powers are gathered in him. He holds Soma in his belly, vast strength, the thunderbolt in his hand, and wisdom in his head.
This verse emphasizes Indra's supreme importance and power. It states that without him, nothing truly exists. All heroic strengths and powers are contained within him. He holds the essence of Soma (the divine drink), immense strength, the thunderbolt in his hand, and wisdom in his head, highlighting his all-encompassing nature.
Meter: Jagati
- A. यस्मात् इन्द्रात् बृहत्तः किं च इमृते ऋते yásmāt índrāt br̥hatáḥ kím caná īm r̥té (12 syllables)
- B. विश्वा अस्मिन् सम्भृता अधि víśvāni asmin sámbhr̥tā ádhi vīryā̀ (12 syllables)
- C. जठरे सोमं तन्वी सहः महो jaṭháre sómam tanvì + sáhaḥ máhaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. हस्ते वज्रं भरति शीर्षणि क्रतुं háste vájram bhárati śīrṣáṇi krátum (12 syllables)
यस्मात् (yásmāt)
from whom
इन्द्रात् (índrāt)
from Indra
बृहत्तः (br̥hatáḥ)
from the great
किं (kím)
what
च (caná)
ever, at all
इमृते (īm)
indeed
ऋते (r̥té)
without
विश्वा (víśvāni)
all
अस्मिन् (asmin)
in him
सम्भृता (sámbhr̥tā)
gathered together
अधि (ádhi)
in
(vīryā̀)
जठरे (jaṭháre)
in the belly/stomach
सोमं (sómam)
Soma (divine drink)
तन्वी (tanvì +)
in the body/frame
सहः (sáhaḥ)
strength
महो (máhaḥ)
greatness
हस्ते (háste)
in the hand
वज्रं (vájram)
thunderbolt
भरति (bhárati)
he holds/carries
शीर्षणि (śīrṣáṇi)
in the head
क्रतुं (krátum)
wisdom, intellect
Stanza 2.16.3
न क्षो॒णीभ्यां॑ परि॒भ्वे॑ त इन्द्रि॒यं न स॑मु॒द्रैः पर्व॑तैरिन्द्र ते॒ रथः॑ | न ते॒ वज्र॒मन्व॑श्नोति॒ कश्च॒न यदा॒शुभिः॒ पत॑सि॒ योज॑ना पु॒रु ||
ná kṣoṇī́bhyām paribhvè ta indriyáṁ ná samudraíḥ párvatair indra te ráthaḥ ná te vájram ánv aśnoti káś caná yád āśúbhiḥ pátasi yójanā purú
Indra, your power cannot be surpassed by the earth and sky, nor stopped by seas or mountains. No one can match your thunderbolt when you fly swiftly over long distances.
This verse asserts Indra's unmatched power and speed. It states that neither the earth and sky (or two worlds) nor mighty oceans and mountains can surpass his strength or impede his chariot. No one can catch up to his thunderbolt, especially when he moves with incredible speed across vast distances with his swift horses.
Meter: Jagati
- A. न क्षोणीभ्यां परिभ्वे ते इन्द्रियं ná kṣoṇī́bhyām paribhvè te indriyám (12 syllables)
- B. न समुद्रैः पर्वतैः इन्द्र ते रथः ná samudraíḥ párvataiḥ indra te ráthaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. न ते वज्रं अनु अश्नोति कः चन ná te vájram ánu aśnoti káḥ caná (12 syllables)
- D. यत् आशुभिः पतसि योजना पुरु yát āśúbhiḥ pátasi yójanā purú (12 syllables)
न (ná)
nor
क्षोणीभ्यां (kṣoṇī́bhyām)
by the two earths (or worlds)
परिभ्वे (paribhvè)
in surpass
ते (te)
your
इन्द्रियं (indriyám)
power, might
न (ná)
nor
समुद्रैः (samudraíḥ)
by oceans
पर्वतैः (párvataiḥ)
by mountains
इन्द्र (indra)
Indra
ते (te)
your
रथः (ráthaḥ)
chariot
न (ná)
nor
ते (te)
your
वज्रं (vájram)
thunderbolt
अनु (ánu)
after, following
अश्नोति (aśnoti)
reaches, attains
कः (káḥ)
who
चन (caná)
ever, anyone
यत् (yát)
when
आशुभिः (āśúbhiḥ)
with swift ones (horses)
पतसि (pátasi)
you fly
योजना (yójanā)
leagues, distances
पुरु (purú)
many
Stanza 2.16.4
विश्वे॒ ह्य॑स्मै यज॒ताय॑ धृ॒ष्णवे॒ क्रतुं॒ भर॑न्ति वृष॒भाय॒ सश्च॑ते | वृषा॑ यजस्व ह॒विषा॑ वि॒दुष्ट॑रः॒ पिबे॑न्द्र॒ सोमं॑ वृष॒भेण॑ भा॒नुना॑ ||
víśve hy àsmai yajatā́ya dhr̥ṣṇáve krátum bháranti vr̥ṣabhā́ya sáścate vŕ̥ṣā yajasva havíṣā vidúṣṭaraḥ píbendra sómaṁ vr̥ṣabhéṇa bhānúnā
Indeed, all powers serve you, Indra, the bold and mighty one. Worship with offerings, for you are wise and strong. Drink the Soma, Indra, with your radiant strength.
This verse describes how all beings and forces are drawn to Indra, the resolute and powerful deity. They willingly offer their strength and will to him. The verse then urges the worshipper to perform their rituals with offerings and praises, and invites Indra to drink the Soma, enjoying it with his own mighty radiance.
Meter: Jagati
- A. विश्वे हि अस्मै यजताय धृष्णवे víśve hí asmai yajatā́ya dhr̥ṣṇáve (12 syllables)
- B. क्रतुं भरन्ति वृषभाय सश्चते krátum bháranti vr̥ṣabhā́ya sáścate (12 syllables)
- C. वृषा यजस्व हविषा विदुष्टरः vŕ̥ṣā yajasva havíṣā vidúṣṭaraḥ (12 syllables)
- D. पिबे इन्द्र सोमं वृषभेण भानुना píba indra sómam vr̥ṣabhéṇa bhānúnā (12 syllables)
विश्वे (víśve)
all
हि (hí)
indeed
अस्मै (asmai)
to him
यजताय (yajatā́ya)
to the worshipful
धृष्णवे (dhr̥ṣṇáve)
to the bold, strong
क्रतुं (krátum)
will, resolve
भरन्ति (bháranti)
they bring
वृषभाय (vr̥ṣabhā́ya)
to the bull (strong)
सश्चते (sáścate)
who cleaves to
वृषा (vŕ̥ṣā)
strong one, bull
यजस्व (yajasva)
worship!
हविषा (havíṣā)
with the offering
विदुष्टरः (vidúṣṭaraḥ)
most knowing, wisest
पिबे (píba)
drink!
इन्द्र (indra)
Indra
सोमं (sómam)
Soma (divine drink)
वृषभेण (vr̥ṣabhéṇa)
with the strong one
भानुना (bhānúnā)
with radiance
Stanza 2.16.5
वृष्णः॒ कोशः॑ पवते॒ मध्व॑ ऊ॒र्मिर्वृ॑ष॒भान्ना॑य वृष॒भाय॒ पात॑वे | वृष॑णाध्व॒र्यू वृ॑ष॒भासो॒ अद्र॑यो॒ वृष॑णं॒ सोमं॑ वृष॒भाय॑ सुष्वति ||
vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ kóśaḥ pavate mádhva ūrmír vr̥ṣabhā́nnāya vr̥ṣabhā́ya pā́tave vŕ̥ṣaṇādhvaryū́ vr̥ṣabhā́so ádrayo vŕ̥ṣaṇaṁ sómaṁ vr̥ṣabhā́ya suṣvati
The strong one's cup flows, a wave of sweetness, for the strong to drink. The priests are strong, the pressing stones are strong, everything is strong for the strong Indra.
This verse describes the flowing Soma, the divine drink, as a potent force. It compares the flowing Soma to a cup brimming with sweet, strong liquid. The verse highlights that this Soma is meant for the strong Indra, and it is prepared by strong priests (Adhvaryus) using strong pressing stones. Everything is strong and prepared for the powerful Indra.
Meter: Jagati
- A. वृष्णः कोशः पवते मध्वः ऊर्मिः vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ kóśaḥ pavate mádhvaḥ ūrmíḥ (11 syllables)
- B. वृषभानाय वृषभाय पातवे vr̥ṣabhā́nnāya vr̥ṣabhā́ya pā́tave (12 syllables)
- C. वृषणा अध्वर्यू वृषभासः अद्रयः vŕ̥ṣaṇā adhvaryū́ vr̥ṣabhā́saḥ ádrayaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. वृषणं सोमं वृषभाय सुष्वति vŕ̥ṣaṇam sómam vr̥ṣabhā́ya suṣvati (12 syllables)
वृष्णः (vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ)
of the strong one
कोशः (kóśaḥ)
cup, vessel
पवते (pavate)
flows
मध्वः (mádhvaḥ)
of sweetness
ऊर्मिः (ūrmíḥ)
wave, flood
वृषभानाय (vr̥ṣabhā́nnāya)
for the food/drink of the strong one
वृषभाय (vr̥ṣabhā́ya)
for the strong one
पातवे (pā́tave)
for drinking
वृषणा (vŕ̥ṣaṇā)
strong (dual)
अध्वर्यू (adhvaryū́)
priests (dual)
वृषभासः (vr̥ṣabhā́saḥ)
strong ones
अद्रयः (ádrayaḥ)
stones (for pressing)
वृषणं (vŕ̥ṣaṇam)
strong
सोमं (sómam)
Soma (divine drink)
वृषभाय (vr̥ṣabhā́ya)
for the strong one
सुष्वति (suṣvati)
they press
Stanza 2.16.6
वृषा॑ ते॒ वज्र॑ उ॒त ते॒ वृषा॒ रथो॒ वृष॑णा॒ हरी॑ वृष॒भाण्यायु॑धा | वृष्णो॒ मद॑स्य वृषभ॒ त्वमी॑शिष॒ इन्द्र॒ सोम॑स्य वृष॒भस्य॑ तृप्णुहि ||
vŕ̥ṣā te vájra utá te vŕ̥ṣā rátho vŕ̥ṣaṇā hárī vr̥ṣabhā́ṇy ā́yudhā vŕ̥ṣṇo mádasya vr̥ṣabha tvám īśiṣa índra sómasya vr̥ṣabhásya tr̥pṇuhi
Your thunderbolt is strong, your chariot is strong, your horses are strong, and your weapons are powerful. Indra, you are the master of the strong Soma drink. Be satisfied, Indra, with the potent Soma!
This verse continues the theme of Indra's strength, describing his attributes. His thunderbolt, chariot, and horses are all strong. Even his weapons are powerful. The verse addresses Indra directly, calling him a 'bull' (symbol of strength), and states he is the master of the intoxicating Soma. It then urges him to become fully satisfied with this strong Soma.
Meter: Jagati
- A. वृषा ते वज्रः उत ते वृषा रथः vŕ̥ṣā te vájraḥ utá te vŕ̥ṣā ráthaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. वृषणा हरी वृषभाणि आयुधा vŕ̥ṣaṇā hárī vr̥ṣabhā́ṇi ā́yudhā (12 syllables)
- C. वृष्णः मदस्य वृषभ त्वं ईशिषे vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ mádasya vr̥ṣabha tvám īśiṣe (12 syllables)
- D. इन्द्र सोमस्य वृषभस्य तृणुहि índra sómasya vr̥ṣabhásya tr̥pṇuhi (12 syllables)
वृषा (vŕ̥ṣā)
strong
ते (te)
your
वज्रः (vájraḥ)
thunderbolt
उत (utá)
and
ते (te)
your
वृषा (vŕ̥ṣā)
strong
रथः (ráthaḥ)
chariot
वृषणा (vŕ̥ṣaṇā)
strong (dual)
हरी (hárī)
horses (dual)
वृषभाणि (vr̥ṣabhā́ṇi)
powerful (plural, neuter)
आयुधा (ā́yudhā)
weapons
वृष्णः (vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ)
of the strong one
मदस्य (mádasya)
of the intoxication/joy
वृषभ (vr̥ṣabha)
O strong one/bull
त्वं (tvám)
you
ईशिषे (īśiṣe)
you rule, are master
इन्द्र (índra)
Indra
सोमस्य (sómasya)
of Soma
वृषभस्य (vr̥ṣabhásya)
of the strong one
तृणुहि (tr̥pṇuhi)
be satisfied!
Stanza 2.16.7
प्र ते॒ नावं॒ न सम॑ने वच॒स्युवं॒ ब्रह्म॑णा यामि॒ सव॑नेषु॒ दाधृ॑षिः | कु॒विन्नो॑ अ॒स्य वच॑सो नि॒बोधि॑ष॒दिन्द्र॒मुत्सं॒ न वसु॑नः सिचामहे ||
prá te nā́vaṁ ná sámane vacasyúvam bráhmaṇā yāmi sávaneṣu dā́dhr̥ṣiḥ kuvín no asyá vácaso nibódhiṣad índram útsaṁ ná vásunaḥ sicāmahe
I approach you with my prayers, Indra, like a strong ship in your rituals. You are eager for praise. May you understand our words! We invoke you like a spring of wealth.
The speaker expresses their eagerness to approach Indra, comparing themselves to a sturdy, life-saving ship and a loud, war-like cry. They are approaching Indra during his sacred rituals ('sávana') with prayers and confidence. The verse ends with a hope that Indra will understand their words and that they can 'pour' forth Indra, like a spring of wealth, perhaps meaning they wish to invoke or manifest his power and blessings.
Meter: Jagati
- A. प्र ते नावं न समने वचस्युवं prá te nā́vam ná sámane vacasyúvam (12 syllables)
- B. ब्रह्मणा यामि सवनेषु दाधृषः bráhmaṇā yāmi sávaneṣu dā́dhr̥ṣiḥ (12 syllables)
- C. कुविन्नो नः अस्य वचसः निबोधिषत् kuvít naḥ asyá vácasaḥ nibódhiṣat (12 syllables)
- D. इन्द्रम् उत्सं न वसुतः सिचामहे índram útsam ná vásunaḥ sicāmahe (12 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forward
ते (te)
to you
नावं (nā́vam)
ship
न (ná)
like
समने (sámane)
in assembly, in conflict
वचस्युवं (vacasyúvam)
eager to speak/praise
ब्रह्मणा (bráhmaṇā)
with prayer
यामि (yāmi)
I come
सवनेषु (sávaneṣu)
in the Soma-pressings/rituals
दाधृषः (dā́dhr̥ṣiḥ)
bold, confident
कुविन्नो (kuvít)
perhaps, indeed
नः (naḥ)
us
अस्य (asyá)
of this
वचसः (vácasaḥ)
of the word/speech
निबोधिषत् (nibódhiṣat)
may he understand
इन्द्रम् (índram)
Indra
उत्सं (útsam)
spring, fountain
न (ná)
like
वसुतः (vásunaḥ)
of wealth
सिचामहे (sicāmahe)
we pour forth
Stanza 2.16.8
पु॒रा स॑म्बा॒धाद॒भ्या व॑वृत्स्व नो धे॒नुर्न व॒त्सं यव॑सस्य पि॒प्युषी॑ | स॒कृत्सु ते॑ सुम॒तिभिः॑ शतक्रतो॒ सं पत्नी॑भि॒र्न वृष॑णो नसीमहि ||
purā́ sambādhā́d abhy ā́ vavr̥tsva no dhenúr ná vatsáṁ yávasasya pipyúṣī sakŕ̥t sú te sumatíbhiḥ śatakrato sám pátnībhir ná vŕ̥ṣaṇo nasīmahi
Turn to us, Indra, before trouble comes, like a cow to her calf. With your wisdom, help us to hold onto your favor, like wives to their husbands, so we can speak proudly with heroes.
This verse is a plea for Indra's favor and protection, asking him to turn towards the worshippers before any trouble ('sambādha') arrives. The speaker uses a simile: just as a mother cow turns to her calf when full of grass, they want Indra to turn to them. They ask that, through his excellent wisdom and power ('śatakrato'), they might firmly cling to his good favor, just as wives cleave to their husbands, ensuring they can speak proudly with heroes in assemblies.
Meter: Jagati
- A. पुरा सम्बधात् अभि आ अववृत्स्व नः purā́ sambādhā́t abhí ā́ vavr̥tsva naḥ (12 syllables)
- B. धेनुः न वत्सं यवस्य पिप्युषी dhenúḥ ná vatsám yávasasya pipyúṣī (12 syllables)
- C. सकृत् सु ते सुमतिभिः शतक्रतो sakŕ̥t sú te sumatíbhiḥ śatakrato (12 syllables)
- D. सम् पत्नीभिः न वृषनः नसीमहि sám pátnībhiḥ ná vŕ̥ṣaṇaḥ nasīmahi (12 syllables)
पुरा (purā́)
before
सम्बधात् (sambādhā́t)
from distress, trouble
अभि (abhí)
towards
आ (ā́)
around, to
अववृत्स्व (vavr̥tsva)
turn yourself
नः (naḥ)
us
धेनुः (dhenúḥ)
cow
न (ná)
like
वत्सं (vatsám)
calf
यवस्य (yávasasya)
of grass, fodder
पिप्युषी (pipyúṣī)
being full
सकृत् (sakŕ̥t)
once, one time
सु (sú)
well, very
ते (te)
your
सुमतिभिः (sumatíbhiḥ)
with good thoughts/favors
शतक्रतो (śatakrato)
O hundred-powered one
सम् (sám)
together
पत्नीभिः (pátnībhiḥ)
with wives
न (ná)
like
वृषनः (vŕ̥ṣaṇaḥ)
strong ones (husbands)
नसीमहि (nasīmahi)
may we cling
Stanza 2.16.9
नू॒नं सा ते॒ प्रति॒ वरं॑ जरि॒त्रे दु॑ही॒यदि॑न्द्र॒ दक्षि॑णा म॒घोनी॑ | शिक्षा॑ स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ माति॑ ध॒ग्भगो॑ नो बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ||
nūnáṁ sā́ te práti váraṁ jaritré duhīyád indra dákṣiṇā maghónī śíkṣā stotŕ̥bhyo mā́ti dhag bhágo no br̥hád vadema vidáthe suvī́rāḥ
Now, Indra, may your generous fortune grant a boon to your singer. Give gifts to us singers, don't let our fortune fail. Help us speak grandly with heroes in the assembly.
This verse is a request to Indra for a reward ('vara') for his devotee. The speaker asks Indra's 'wealthy cow' (symbolizing his generous blessings) to yield a boon to the worshipper. They implore Indra to grant these blessings ('dakshina') to the singers and warn against any deception or loss of fortune. The ultimate wish is to speak grandly and successfully ('suvira') in assemblies, filled with heroic deeds.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. नूनं सा ते प्रति वरं जरित्रे nūnám sā́ te práti váram jaritré (11 syllables)
- B. दुहीयद् इन्द्र दक्षिणा मघोनी duhīyát indra dákṣiṇā maghónī (11 syllables)
- C. शिक्षा स्तोतृभ्यः मा अति धग्भगो भगो नः śíkṣa + stotŕ̥bhyaḥ mā́ áti dhak bhágaḥ naḥ (11 syllables)
- D. बृहत वदेम विदथे सुवीराः br̥hát vadema vidáthe suvī́rāḥ (11 syllables)
नूनं (nūnám)
now, indeed
सा (sā́)
that
ते (te)
your
प्रति (práti)
in return
वरं (váram)
boon, choice
जरित्रे (jaritré)
to the praiser, singer
दुहीयद् (duhīyát)
may it yield milk
इन्द्र (indra)
Indra
दक्षिणा (dákṣiṇā)
gift, offering, fortune
मघोनी (maghónī)
wealthy one
शिक्षा (śíkṣa +)
grant, bestow!
स्तोतृभ्यः (stotŕ̥bhyaḥ)
to the singers, praisers
मा (mā́)
not
अति (áti)
away, off
धग्भगो (dhak)
may it fail, deceive
भगो (bhágaḥ)
fortune, share
नः (naḥ)
our
बृहत (br̥hát)
great, loud
वदेम (vadema)
may we speak
विदथे (vidáthe)
in the assembly, meeting
सुवीराः (suvī́rāḥ)
with heroes, with great heroism