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Stanza 2.12.1
यो जा॒त ए॒व प्र॑थ॒मो मन॑स्वान्दे॒वो दे॒वान्क्रतु॑ना प॒र्यभू॑षत् | यस्य॒ शुष्मा॒द्रोद॑सी॒ अभ्य॑सेतां नृ॒म्णस्य॑ म॒ह्ना स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yó jātá evá prathamó mánasvān devó devā́n krátunā paryábhūṣat yásya śúṣmād ródasī ábhyasetāṁ nr̥mṇásya mahnā́ sá janāsa índraḥ
Who, right after being born, was the first, endowed with mind, a god who, through his power, surpassed the other gods. Whose strength made the two worlds, heaven and earth, tremble; that Indra is him, O people!
This stanza introduces Indra as the supreme deity, the first to be born with a powerful mind. He surpassed other gods through his divine intellect and strength, causing the very heavens and earth to tremble with his might. This makes him the ultimate leader and protector for all.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः जा॒त ए॒व प्रथमो मनस्वान् yáḥ jātáḥ evá prathamáḥ mánasvān (11 syllables)
- B. देवो देवान् क्रतुना पर्यभूषत् deváḥ devā́n krátunā paryábhūṣat (11 syllables)
- C. यस्य शुष्मात् रोदसी अभ्यसेतां yásya śúṣmāt ródasī ábhyasetām (11 syllables)
- D. नृम्णस्य मह्ना स जनास इन्द्रः nr̥mṇásya mahnā́ sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
जा॒त (jātáḥ)
born
ए॒व (evá)
just so
प्रथमो (prathamáḥ)
first, chief
मनस्वान् (mánasvān)
intelligent, spirited
देवो (deváḥ)
god
देवान् (devā́n)
gods
क्रतुना (krátunā)
by power, by might
पर्यभूषत् (paryábhūṣat)
surpassed, ruled over
यस्य (yásya)
whose
शुष्मात् (śúṣmāt)
from strength, from power
रोदसी (ródasī)
heaven and earth (dual)
अभ्यसेतां (ábhyasetām)
trembled, were afraid
नृम्णस्य (nr̥mṇásya)
of valor, of might
मह्ना (mahnā́)
by greatness
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.2
यः पृ॑थि॒वीं व्यथ॑माना॒मदृं॑ह॒द्यः पर्व॑ता॒न्प्रकु॑पिताँ॒ अर॑म्णात् | यो अ॒न्तरि॑क्षं विम॒मे वरी॑यो॒ यो द्यामस्त॑भ्ना॒त्स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yáḥ pr̥thivī́ṁ vyáthamānām ádr̥ṁhad yáḥ párvatān prákupitām̐ áramṇāt yó antárikṣaṁ vimamé várīyo yó dyā́m ástabhnāt sá janāsa índraḥ
Who made the earth steady when it was shaking, who calmed the agitated mountains, who measured out the atmosphere for width, who supported the sky – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse highlights Indra's role as the creator and sustainer of the cosmos. He stabilized the trembling earth, calmed the agitated mountains, precisely measured the vast expanse of the atmosphere, and held up the sky. These actions demonstrate his immense power and foundational role in maintaining the order of the universe.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः पृथिवीं व्यथमानाम् अदृंहत् yáḥ pr̥thivī́m vyáthamānām ádr̥ṃhat (11 syllables)
- B. यः पर्वतान् प्रकुपितान् अरम्णात् yáḥ párvatān prákupitān áramṇāt (11 syllables)
- C. यः अन्तरिक्षं विममे वरीयो yáḥ antárikṣam vimamé várīyaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. यः द्यां अस्तभ्नात् स जनास इन्द्रः yáḥ dyā́m ástabhnāt sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
पृथिवीं (pr̥thivī́m)
earth
व्यथमानाम् (vyáthamānām)
shaking, trembling
अदृंहत् (ádr̥ṃhat)
made firm, strengthened
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
पर्वतान् (párvatān)
mountains
प्रकुपितान् (prákupitān)
agitated, disturbed
अरम्णात् (áramṇāt)
pacified, calmed
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
अन्तरिक्षं (antárikṣam)
atmosphere, space between
विममे (vimamé)
measured out
वरीयो (várīyaḥ)
more widely, more spacious
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
द्यां (dyā́m)
sky, heaven
अस्तभ्नात् (ástabhnāt)
supported, propped up
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.3
यो ह॒त्वाहि॒मरि॑णात्स॒प्त सिन्धू॒न्यो गा उ॒दाज॑दप॒धा व॒लस्य॑ | यो अश्म॑नोर॒न्तर॒ग्निं ज॒जान॑ सं॒वृक्स॒मत्सु॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yó hatvā́him áriṇāt saptá síndhūn yó gā́ udā́jad apadhā́ valásya yó áśmanor antár agníṁ jajā́na saṁvŕ̥k samátsu sá janāsa índraḥ
Who, having killed the serpent, released the seven rivers, who drove out the cows from Vala's cave; who generated fire between two stones, a conqueror in battles – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse recounts Indra's heroic feats, portraying him as a powerful warrior. He defeated a serpent, freeing the seven rivers and releasing cattle from a hidden cave. He also generated fire by striking two stones together, proving his capability to bring light and power into existence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः हत्वा अहिं अरिणात् सप्त सिन्धून् yáḥ hatvā́ áhim áriṇāt saptá síndhūn (11 syllables)
- B. यः गाः उदाजत् अपधा वलस्य yáḥ gā́ḥ udā́jat apadhā́ valásya (11 syllables)
- C. यः अश्मनोर अन्तर् अग्निम् जजान yáḥ áśmanoḥ antár agním jajā́na (11 syllables)
- D. संवृक् समत्सु स जनास इन्द्रः saṃvŕ̥k samátsu sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
हत्वा (hatvā́)
having killed
अहिं (áhim)
serpent, dragon
अरिणात् (áriṇāt)
released, set free
सप्त (saptá)
seven
सिन्धून् (síndhūn)
rivers
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
गाः (gā́ḥ)
cows
उदाजत् (udā́jat)
drove out, urged forth
अपधा (apadhā́)
from the cave
वलस्य (valásya)
of Vala (a demon/cave)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
अश्मनोर (áśmanoḥ)
between two stones
अन्तर् (antár)
between, within
अग्निम् (agním)
fire
जजान (jajā́na)
generated, produced
संवृक् (saṃvŕ̥k)
conqueror, one who destroys
समत्सु (samátsu)
in battles
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.4
येने॒मा विश्वा॒ च्यव॑ना कृ॒तानि॒ यो दासं॒ वर्ण॒मध॑रं॒ गुहाकः॑ | श्व॒घ्नीव॒ यो जि॑गी॒वाँल्ल॒क्षमाद॑द॒र्यः पु॒ष्टानि॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yénemā́ víśvā cyávanā kr̥tā́ni yó dā́saṁ várṇam ádharaṁ gúhā́kaḥ śvaghnī́va yó jigīvā́m̐ lakṣám ā́dad aryáḥ puṣṭā́ni sá janāsa índraḥ
By whom all these unstable things were made to tremble, who put the dark-skinned enemy down in hiding; who, like a winner, took the opponent's wealth – that Indra is him, O people!
This stanza describes Indra's power over the material world and his role in subduing enemies. He caused all these moving things to tremble and scattered the dark-skinned enemies. Like a gambler winning stakes, he seized the wealth of his opponents, showing his dominance and success.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. येने इमा विश्वा च्यवना कृतानि yéna imā́ víśvā cyávanā kr̥tā́ni (11 syllables)
- B. यः दास वर्ण अधरं गुहा अकर yáḥ dā́sam várṇam ádharam gúhā ákar (11 syllables)
- C. श्वघ्नीव इव यः जिगीवां लक्ष आ अदत् śvaghnī́ iva yáḥ jigīvā́n lakṣám ā́ ádat (11 syllables)
- D. अर्यः पुष्टानि स जनास इन्द्रः aryáḥ puṣṭā́ni sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
येने (yéna)
by whom
इमा (imā́)
these
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
च्यवना (cyávanā)
moving, unstable things
कृतानि (kr̥tā́ni)
made, created
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
दास (dā́sam)
enemy, servant-class
वर्ण (várṇam)
color, class
अधरं (ádharam)
lower, humbled
गुहा (gúhā)
in hiding, in secret
अकर (ákar)
made, did
श्वघ्नीव (śvaghnī́)
gambler (one who throws dice)
इव (iva)
like
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
जिगीवां (jigīvā́n)
victorious, winning
लक्ष (lakṣám)
stake, property, fortune
आ (ā́)
towards, up
अदत् (ádat)
took, received
अर्यः (aryáḥ)
of the enemy, of the opponent
पुष्टानि (puṣṭā́ni)
possessions, wealth
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.5
यं स्मा॑ पृ॒च्छन्ति॒ कुह॒ सेति॑ घो॒रमु॒तेमा॑हु॒र्नैषो अ॒स्तीत्ये॑नम् | सो अ॒र्यः पु॒ष्टीर्विज॑ इ॒वा मि॑नाति॒ श्रद॑स्मै धत्त॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yáṁ smā pr̥chánti kúha séti ghorám utém āhur naíṣó astī́ty enam só aryáḥ puṣṭī́r víja ivā́ mināti śrád asmai dhatta sá janāsa índraḥ
Of whom, the terrible one, they ask, 'Where is he?' and also say about him, 'He is not here.' He destroys the enemy's possessions like birds; have faith in him – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse speaks of Indra's elusive yet powerful nature. People question his whereabouts, some even denying his existence. However, Indra is depicted as someone who effortlessly diminishes the wealth of his enemies, like birds scattering prey. The stanza urges people to have faith in him.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यं स्मा पृच्छन्ति कुह इन्द्रः स घोरम् yám sma + pr̥chánti kúha sá íti ghorám (11 syllables)
- B. उते इम आहुः नैषो अस्तीत्ये नम् स अर्यः utá īm āhuḥ ná eṣáḥ asti íti enam (11 syllables)
- C. पुष्टी विज इव आ मिनाति श्रा स्मै sáḥ aryáḥ puṣṭī́ḥ víjaḥ iva ā́ mināti (11 syllables)
- D. धत्त स जनास इन्द्रः य स्मा śrát asmai dhatta sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यं (yám)
whom
स्मा (sma +)
particle indicating past or emphasis
पृच्छन्ति (pr̥chánti)
they ask
कुह (kúha)
where
इन्द्रः (sá)
he
स (íti)
thus
घोरम् (ghorám)
terrible, fearful
उते (utá)
and also
इम (īm)
indeed, surely
आहुः (āhuḥ)
they say
नैषो (ná)
not
अस्तीत्ये (eṣáḥ)
he
नम् (asti)
is
स (íti)
thus
अर्यः (enam)
him
पुष्टी (sáḥ)
he
विज (aryáḥ)
of the enemy
इव (puṣṭī́ḥ)
possessions, wealth
आ (víjaḥ)
like birds
मिनाति (iva)
like
श्रा (ā́)
away
स्मै (mināti)
lessens, diminishes
धत्त (śrát)
faith, trust
स (asmai)
to him
जनास (dhatta)
place, put
इन्द्रः (sá)
he
य (janāsaḥ)
O people
स्मा (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.6
यो र॒ध्रस्य॑ चोदि॒ता यः कृ॒शस्य॒ यो ब्र॒ह्मणो॒ नाध॑मानस्य की॒रेः | यु॒क्तग्रा॑व्णो॒ यो॑ऽवि॒ता सु॑शि॒प्रः सु॒तसो॑मस्य॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yó radhrásya coditā́ yáḥ kr̥śásya yó brahmáṇo nā́dhamānasya kīréḥ yuktágrāvṇo yó 'vitā́ suśipráḥ sutásomasya sá janāsa índraḥ
Who is the inspirer of the humble, who of the needy, who of the priest praying for help; who is the protector of the one with established rites, the fair-lipped one, the protector of the one pressing Soma – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse describes Indra as a universal supporter. He inspires the poor and humble, helps priests who seek him, and assists those who offer prayers. He is the protector of those performing sacrifices and the one who upholds the rituals associated with pressing Soma juice.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यो रध्रस्य चोदिता यो कृशस्य yáḥ radhrásya coditā́ yáḥ kr̥śásya (11 syllables)
- B. यो ब्रह्मणो नाधमानस्य कीरेः yáḥ brahmáṇaḥ nā́dhamānasya kīréḥ (11 syllables)
- C. युक्तग्राव्णः यो अविता सुशिप्रः yuktágrāvṇaḥ yáḥ avitā́ suśipráḥ (11 syllables)
- D. सुतसोमस्य स जनास इन्द्रः sutásomasya sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
रध्रस्य (radhrásya)
of the humble, the poor
चोदिता (coditā́)
inspirer, motivator
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
कृशस्य (kr̥śásya)
of the needy, weak
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
ब्रह्मणो (brahmáṇaḥ)
of the priest, of sacred knowledge
नाधमानस्य (nā́dhamānasya)
of the one praying for help
कीरेः (kīréḥ)
of the singer, priest
युक्तग्राव्णः (yuktágrāvṇaḥ)
of the one with prepared pressing stones
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
अविता (avitā́)
protector, helper
सुशिप्रः (suśipráḥ)
beautiful-lipped, fair-faced
सुतसोमस्य (sutásomasya)
of the one who has pressed Soma
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.7
यस्याश्वा॑सः प्र॒दिशि॒ यस्य॒ गावो॒ यस्य॒ ग्रामा॒ यस्य॒ विश्वे॒ रथा॑सः | यः सूर्यं॒ य उ॒षसं॑ ज॒जान॒ यो अ॒पां ने॒ता स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yásyā́śvāsaḥ pradíśi yásya gā́vo yásya grā́mā yásya víśve ráthāsaḥ yáḥ sū́ryaṁ yá uṣásaṁ jajā́na yó apā́ṁ netā́ sá janāsa índraḥ
In whose control are the horses, in whose control are the cows, in whose control are the villages, and all the chariots; who created the sun, who created the dawn, who is the leader of the waters – that Indra is him, O people!
This stanza emphasizes Indra's dominion over all aspects of existence. He controls horses, cattle, and villages, and all forms of transport like chariots. Furthermore, he is the creator of the sun and the dawn, and the leader of the waters, signifying his cosmic power and control.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यस्य अश्वासः प्रदिशि यस्य गावो yásya áśvāsaḥ pradíśi yásya gā́vaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यस्य ग्रामा यस्य विश्वे रथासः yásya grā́māḥ yásya víśve ráthāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यो सूर्य यो उषसं जजान yáḥ sū́ryam yáḥ uṣásam jajā́na (11 syllables)
- D. यो अपां नेता स जनास इन्द्रः yáḥ apā́m netā́ sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यस्य (yásya)
whose
अश्वासः (áśvāsaḥ)
horses
प्रदिशि (pradíśi)
in every direction
यस्य (yásya)
whose
गावो (gā́vaḥ)
cows
यस्य (yásya)
whose
ग्रामा (grā́māḥ)
villages
यस्य (yásya)
whose
विश्वे (víśve)
all
रथासः (ráthāsaḥ)
chariots
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
सूर्य (sū́ryam)
sun
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
उषसं (uṣásam)
dawn
जजान (jajā́na)
generated, gave birth to
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
अपां (apā́m)
of the waters
नेता (netā́)
leader, guide
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.8
यं क्रन्द॑सी संय॒ती वि॒ह्वये॑ते॒ परेऽव॑र उ॒भया॑ अ॒मित्राः॑ | स॒मा॒नं चि॒द्रथ॑मातस्थि॒वांसा॒ नाना॑ हवेते॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yáṁ krándasī saṁyatī́ vihváyete páré 'vara ubháyā amítrāḥ samānáṁ cid rátham ātasthivā́ṁsā nā́nā havete sá janāsa índraḥ
Whom two armies, joining in battle, invoke, both enemies, the farther and the nearer; whom two, mounted on the same chariot, invoke differently – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse describes Indra as the ultimate war god, invoked by both sides in a conflict. Whether it's armies fighting closely, or warriors on the same chariot, they call upon him for aid. This highlights his role as a divine arbiter and helper in times of battle.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यं क्रन्दसी संयती विह्वयेते yám krándasī saṃyatī́ vihváyete (11 syllables)
- B. परे अवरे उभया अमित्राः páre ávare ubháyāḥ amítrāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. समानं चिद् रथमातस्थि वांसा samānám cit rátham ātasthivā́ṃsā (11 syllables)
- D. नाना हवेते स जनास इन्द्रः nā́nā havete sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यं (yám)
whom
क्रन्दसी (krándasī)
two armies, two loud calls
संयती (saṃyatī́)
joining in battle, close together
विह्वयेते (vihváyete)
invoke, call out to
परे (páre)
farther, one side
अवरे (ávare)
nearer, the other side
उभया (ubháyāḥ)
both
अमित्राः (amítrāḥ)
enemies
समानं (samānám)
same, one
चिद् (cit)
even, indeed
रथमातस्थि (rátham)
chariot
वांसा (ātasthivā́ṃsā)
having mounted
नाना (nā́nā)
differently, separately
हवेते (havete)
they invoke
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.9
यस्मा॒न्न ऋ॒ते वि॒जय॑न्ते॒ जना॑सो॒ यं युध्य॑माना॒ अव॑से॒ हव॑न्ते | यो विश्व॑स्य प्रति॒मानं॑ ब॒भूव॒ यो अ॑च्युत॒च्युत्स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yásmān ná r̥té vijáyante jánāso yáṁ yúdhyamānā ávase hávante yó víśvasya pratimā́nam babhū́va yó acyutacyút sá janāsa índraḥ
Without whom people do not conquer in battle, whom fighting they invoke for help; who has become the standard of all, who shakes the unshakable – that Indra is him, O people!
This stanza emphasizes that victory and success are impossible without Indra's help. People invoke him for support during battles, and he is so powerful that he makes the unmovable tremble. He is the ultimate measure and standard against which all things are compared.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यस्मा न ऋते विजयन्ते जन yásmāt ná r̥té vijáyante jánāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यं युध्यमाना अवसे हवन्ते yám yúdhyamānāḥ ávase hávante (11 syllables)
- C. यः विश्वस्य प्रतिमानं बभूव yáḥ víśvasya pratimā́nam babhū́va (11 syllables)
- D. यः अच्युतच्युत् स जनास इन्द्रः yáḥ acyutacyút sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यस्मा (yásmāt)
from whom, without whom
न (ná)
not
ऋते (r̥té)
without
विजयन्ते (vijáyante)
conquer
जन (jánāsaḥ)
people
यं (yám)
whom
युध्यमाना (yúdhyamānāḥ)
fighting, battling
अवसे (ávase)
for help, for protection
हवन्ते (hávante)
they invoke
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
विश्वस्य (víśvasya)
of all
प्रतिमानं (pratimā́nam)
standard, measure, image
बभूव (babhū́va)
has become, is
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
अच्युतच्युत् (acyutacyút)
shaker of the unshakable
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.10
यः शश्व॑तो॒ मह्येनो॒ दधा॑ना॒नम॑न्यमाना॒ञ्छर्वा॑ ज॒घान॑ | यः शर्ध॑ते॒ नानु॒ददा॑ति शृ॒ध्यां यो दस्यो॑र्ह॒न्ता स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yáḥ śáśvato máhy éno dádhānān ámanyamānāñ chárvā jaghā́na yáḥ śárdhate nā́nudádāti śr̥dhyā́ṁ yó dásyor hantā́ sá janāsa índraḥ
Who, with his hurled weapon, struck down many unexpecting, gravely sinful beings; who does not forgive the one boasting to him, who is the slayer of the enemy – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse highlights Indra's swift and decisive justice against wrongdoers. He strikes down many sinful beings suddenly, without warning. He shows no mercy to those who challenge him and is the ultimate slayer of enemies, ensuring that righteousness prevails.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः शश्वतो महे एनो दधाना yáḥ śáśvataḥ máhi énaḥ dádhānān (11 syllables)
- B. अमन्यमानान् शर्वा जघान ámanyamānān śárvā jaghā́na (11 syllables)
- C. यः शर्धते न अनुददाति श्रृध्यां yáḥ śárdhate ná anudádāti śr̥dhyā́m (11 syllables)
- D. यः दस्योः हन्ता स जनास इन्द्रः yáḥ dásyoḥ hantā́ sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
शश्वतो (śáśvataḥ)
many, numerous
महे (máhi)
great
एनो (énaḥ)
sin, offense
दधाना (dádhānān)
holding, bearing
अमन्यमानान् (ámanyamānān)
not expecting, unaware
शर्वा (śárvā)
by his missile/weapon
जघान (jaghā́na)
killed, struck down
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
शर्धते (śárdhate)
to the one who boasts/challenges
न (ná)
not
अनुददाति (anudádāti)
forgives, yields to
श्रृध्यां (śr̥dhyā́m)
in the assault, in aggression
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
दस्योः (dásyoḥ)
of the enemy, the demon
हन्ता (hantā́)
slayer, killer
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.11
यः शम्ब॑रं॒ पर्व॑तेषु क्षि॒यन्तं॑ चत्वारिं॒श्यां श॒रद्य॒न्ववि॑न्दत् | ओ॒जा॒यमा॑नं॒ यो अहिं॑ ज॒घान॒ दानुं॒ शया॑नं॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yáḥ śámbaram párvateṣu kṣiyántaṁ catvāriṁśyā́ṁ śarády anvávindat ojāyámānaṁ yó áhiṁ jaghā́na dā́nuṁ śáyānaṁ sá janāsa índraḥ
Who found Śambara dwelling in the mountains in the fortieth autumn; who killed the powerfully emerging serpent, the lying demon – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse recounts Indra's victory over the powerful demon Śambara. After a long search, lasting forty autumns, Indra found and defeated Śambara who was dwelling in the mountains. He also vanquished a serpent-like demon (Dānu) that was powerfully emerging or lying in wait, showcasing his power over formidable foes.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः शम्बरं पर्वतेषु क्षियन्तं yáḥ śámbaram párvateṣu kṣiyántam (11 syllables)
- B. चत्वारिंश्यां शरद्य अन्वविन्दत् catvāriṃśyā́m śarádi anvávindat (11 syllables)
- C. ओजायमानं यः अहिं जघान ojāyámānam yáḥ áhim jaghā́na (11 syllables)
- D. दानुं शयाणं स जनास इन्द्रः dā́num śáyānam sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
शम्बरं (śámbaram)
Śambara (a demon)
पर्वतेषु (párvateṣu)
in the mountains
क्षियन्तं (kṣiyántam)
dwelling
चत्वारिंश्यां (catvāriṃśyā́m)
in the fortieth
शरद्य (śarádi)
in the autumn
अन्वविन्दत् (anvávindat)
found, discovered
ओजायमानं (ojāyámānam)
gaining strength, powerfully emerging
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
अहिं (áhim)
serpent, demon
जघान (jaghā́na)
killed, struck down
दानुं (dā́num)
Dānu (a demon)
शयाणं (śáyānam)
lying down, resting
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.12
यः स॒प्तर॑श्मिर्वृष॒भस्तुवि॑ष्मान॒वासृ॑ज॒त्सर्त॑वे स॒प्त सिन्धू॑न् | यो रौ॑हि॒णमस्फु॑र॒द्वज्र॑बाहु॒र्द्यामा॒रोह॑न्तं॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yáḥ saptáraśmir vr̥ṣabhás túviṣmān avā́sr̥jat sártave saptá síndhūn yó rauhiṇám ásphurad vájrabāhur dyā́m āróhantaṁ sá janāsa índraḥ
Who, the bull, mighty with seven reins, released the seven rivers to flow; who, with thunderbolt-armed, struck down Rauhiṇa ascending the sky – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse portrays Indra as a mighty cosmic force. He unleashed the seven great rivers to flow freely, symbolizing the release of vital energy. He also fearlessly struck down the demon Rauhiṇa, who was ascending to heaven, wielding his thunderbolt (Vajra) as a symbol of his power and resolve.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः सप्तरश्मिः वृषभस्तुवि ष्मान् yáḥ saptáraśmiḥ vr̥ṣabháḥ túviṣmān (11 syllables)
- B. अवासृजत् सर्तवे सप्त सिन्धून् avā́sr̥jat sártave saptá síndhūn (11 syllables)
- C. यः रौहिणमस्फु रद्वज्र बाहुर् yáḥ rauhiṇám ásphurat vájrabāhuḥ (11 syllables)
- D. द्यामा रोहन्तं स जनास इन्द्रः dyā́m āróhantam sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
सप्तरश्मिः (saptáraśmiḥ)
with seven reins/rays
वृषभस्तुवि (vr̥ṣabháḥ)
bull, strong male
ष्मान् (túviṣmān)
mighty, powerful
अवासृजत् (avā́sr̥jat)
released, let loose
सर्तवे (sártave)
to flow, to move
सप्त (saptá)
seven
सिन्धून् (síndhūn)
rivers
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
रौहिणमस्फु (rauhiṇám)
Rauhiṇa (a demon)
रद्वज्र (ásphurat)
struck, repelled
बाहुर् (vájrabāhuḥ)
thunderbolt-armed
द्यामा (dyā́m)
sky, heaven
रोहन्तं (āróhantam)
ascending
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.13
द्यावा॑ चिदस्मै पृथि॒वी न॑मेते॒ शुष्मा॑च्चिदस्य॒ पर्व॑ता भयन्ते | यः सो॑म॒पा नि॑चि॒तो वज्र॑बाहु॒र्यो वज्र॑हस्तः॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
dyā́vā cid asmai pr̥thivī́ namete śúṣmāc cid asya párvatā bhayante yáḥ somapā́ nicitó vájrabāhur yó vájrahastaḥ sá janāsa índraḥ
Even Heaven and Earth bow down to him; even the mountains fear his might; who, known as the Soma-drinker, thunderbolt-armed, who wields the bolt – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse emphasizes Indra's supreme authority, causing even the celestial beings, Heaven and Earth, to bow before him. The mountains themselves tremble in fear of his power. He is recognized as the drinker of Soma and a master of the thunderbolt, signifying his divine strength and status.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. द्यावा दस्य अस्मै पृथिवी नमेते dyā́vā cit asmai pr̥thivī́ namete (11 syllables)
- B. शुष्माच्चि दस्य पर्वता भयन्ते यः śúṣmāt cit asya párvatāḥ bhayante (11 syllables)
- C. र्यो पा निचितो वज्रबाहु yáḥ somapā́ḥ nicitáḥ vájrabāhuḥ (11 syllables)
- D. र्यो वज्रहस्तः स जनास इन्द्रः yáḥ vájrahastaḥ sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
द्यावा (dyā́vā)
Heaven and Earth (dual)
दस्य (cit)
even, indeed
अस्मै (asmai)
to him
पृथिवी (pr̥thivī́)
Earth
नमेते (namete)
they bow
शुष्माच्चि (śúṣmāt)
from strength, from power
दस्य (cit)
even, indeed
पर्वता (asya)
his
भयन्ते (párvatāḥ)
mountains
यः (bhayante)
fear
र्यो (yáḥ)
whoever
पा (somapā́ḥ)
Soma-drinker
निचितो (nicitáḥ)
known, recognized
वज्रबाहु (vájrabāhuḥ)
thunderbolt-armed
र्यो (yáḥ)
whoever
वज्रहस्तः (vájrahastaḥ)
bolt-wielding hand
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.14
यः सु॒न्वन्त॒मव॑ति॒ यः पच॑न्तं॒ यः शंस॑न्तं॒ यः श॑शमा॒नमू॒ती | यस्य॒ ब्रह्म॒ वर्ध॑नं॒ यस्य॒ सोमो॒ यस्ये॒दं राधः॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ||
yáḥ sunvántam ávati yáḥ pácantaṁ yáḥ śáṁsantaṁ yáḥ śaśamānám ūtī́ yásya bráhma várdhanaṁ yásya sómo yásyedáṁ rā́dhaḥ sá janāsa índraḥ
Who helps the one pressing Soma, the one cooking, the one chanting, the one sacrificing; whose prayer is strengthening, whose Soma is [strengthening], whose [gift] is this offering – that Indra is him, O people!
This verse celebrates Indra as the ultimate patron of those engaged in Vedic rituals. He supports those who press Soma, cook offerings, chant hymns, and perform sacrifices. His strength grows with prayers and Soma offerings, and he accepts human gifts, indicating a reciprocal relationship between the divine and the worshipper.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः सुन्वन्त अवति यः पचन्त yáḥ sunvántam ávati yáḥ pácantam (11 syllables)
- B. यः शंसन्त यः ती yáḥ śáṃsantam yáḥ śaśamānám ūtī́ (11 syllables)
- C. यस्ये ब्रह्म वर्धनं यस्ये सोमो yásya bráhma várdhanam yásya sómaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. यस्ये दं राधः स जनास इन्द्रः yásya idám rā́dhaḥ sá janāsaḥ índraḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
सुन्वन्त (sunvántam)
the one pressing Soma
अवति (ávati)
helps, protects
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
पचन्त (pácantam)
the one cooking (offerings)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
शंसन्त (śáṃsantam)
the one chanting (hymns)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
(śaśamānám)
ती (ūtī́)
with protection, help
यस्ये (yásya)
whose
ब्रह्म (bráhma)
prayer, hymn
वर्धनं (várdhanam)
strengthening
यस्ये (yásya)
whose
सोमो (sómaḥ)
Soma
यस्ये (yásya)
whose
दं (idám)
this
राधः (rā́dhaḥ)
gift, offering
स (sá)
he
जनास (janāsaḥ)
O people
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
Stanza 2.12.15
यः सु॑न्व॒ते पच॑ते दु॒ध्र आ चि॒द्वाजं॒ दर्द॑र्षि॒ स किला॑सि स॒त्यः | व॒यं त॑ इन्द्र वि॒श्वह॑ प्रि॒यासः॑ सु॒वीरा॑सो वि॒दथ॒मा व॑देम ||
yáḥ sunvaté pácate dudhrá ā́ cid vā́jaṁ dárdarṣi sá kílāsi satyáḥ vayáṁ ta indra viśváha priyā́saḥ suvī́rāso vidátham ā́ vadema
Who, fiercely, to the one pressing and the one cooking, gives wealth indeed; you are truly that; Indra, may we always be dear to you, heroes, and speak in the assembly.
This final verse addresses Indra directly, acknowledging his fierce and true nature. He bestows wealth upon those who perform rituals like pressing Soma and cooking offerings. The stanza expresses a desire for continuous companionship with Indra, wishing to be noble heroes who can speak boldly in assemblies.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः सुन्वते पचते दुध्र वदेम चिद् yáḥ sunvaté pácate dudhráḥ ā́ cit (11 syllables)
- B. वाजं दर्दर्षि स किलासि सत्यः वयं vā́jam dárdarṣi sá kíla asi satyáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. त इन्द्र विश्वह प्रियासः सुवी vayám te indra viśváha priyā́saḥ (11 syllables)
- D. रास विदथमा वदेम यः suvī́rāsaḥ vidátham ā́ vadema (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
सुन्वते (sunvaté)
to the one pressing Soma
पचते (pácate)
to the one cooking
दुध्र (dudhráḥ)
fierce, strong
वदेम (ā́)
utterly, forth
चिद् (cit)
even, indeed
वाजं (vā́jam)
wealth, booty
दर्दर्षि (dárdarṣi)
you bestow, grant
स (sá)
he
किलासि (kíla)
indeed, truly
सत्यः (asi)
you are
वयं (satyáḥ)
true, real
त (vayám)
we
इन्द्र (te)
to you
विश्वह (indra)
Indra
प्रियासः (viśváha)
always, all days
सुवी (priyā́saḥ)
dear
रास (suvī́rāsaḥ)
with noble heroes
विदथमा (vidátham)
assembly, gathering
वदेम (ā́)
utterly, forth
यः (vadema)
may we speak