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Stanza 10.88.1
ह॒विष्पान्त॑म॒जरं॑ स्व॒र्विदि॑ दिवि॒स्पृश्याहु॑तं॒ जुष्ट॑म॒ग्नौ | तस्य॒ भर्म॑णे॒ भुव॑नाय दे॒वा धर्म॑णे॒ कं स्व॒धया॑ पप्रथन्त ||
havíṣ pā́ntam ajáraṁ svarvídi divispŕ̥śy ā́hutaṁ júṣṭam agnaú tásya bhármaṇe bhúvanāya devā́ dhármaṇe káṁ svadháyā paprathanta
The most invigorating sacrificial offering, eternally youthful and bright, ascends to heaven, entering Agni. Through his divine essence, the gods expanded the world, and by his sustenance, they uphold it.
This hymn describes the sacrificial drink (havis) offered to Agni, the fire god, who is described as ageless, bright, and heaven-ascending. The gods themselves, through Agni's power and nature, are said to spread and sustain the world. It highlights Agni's crucial role in supporting the cosmos and enabling divine actions.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. हविष् पान्तम अजरं स्वर्विदि havíḥ pā́ntam ajáram svarvídi (12 syllables)
- B. दिविस्पृशि आहुतं जुष्टम ग्नौ divispŕ̥śi ā́hutam júṣṭam agnaú (11 syllables)
- C. तस्य भर्मणे भुवनाय देवाः tásya bhármaṇe bhúvanāya devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. धर्मणे कं स्वधया प्रप्रथन्त dhármaṇe kám svadháyā paprathanta (11 syllables)
हविष् (havíḥ)
offering
पान्तम (pā́ntam)
invigorating
अजरं (ajáram)
ageless
स्वर्विदि (svarvídi)
in heaven-knowing
दिविस्पृशि (divispŕ̥śi)
touching the sky
आहुतं (ā́hutam)
offered
जुष्टम (júṣṭam)
accepted, pleasing
ग्नौ (agnaú)
in Agni
तस्य (tásya)
his
भर्मणे (bhármaṇe)
for sustenance
भुवनाय (bhúvanāya)
for the world
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
धर्मणे (dhármaṇe)
for support
कं (kám)
what, which
स्वधया (svadháyā)
by their own power
प्रप्रथन्त (paprathanta)
they expanded
Stanza 10.88.2
गी॒र्णं भुव॑नं॒ तम॒साप॑गूळ्हमा॒विः स्व॑रभवज्जा॒ते अ॒ग्नौ | तस्य॑ दे॒वाः पृ॑थि॒वी द्यौरु॒तापोऽर॑णय॒न्नोष॑धीः स॒ख्ये अ॑स्य ||
gīrṇám bhúvanaṁ támasā́pagūḷham āvíḥ svàr abhavaj jāté agnaú tásya devā́ḥ pr̥thivī́ dyaúr utā́pó 'raṇayann óṣadhīḥ sakhyé asya
The world, swallowed and hidden in darkness, became apparent with light when Agni was born. The gods, earth, sky, waters, and plants rejoiced in his friendship.
This stanza describes the primordial state of the universe shrouded in darkness, followed by the birth of Agni, which brought forth light. The gods, along with the earth, sky, waters, and plants, rejoiced in Agni's presence and friendship, signifying his role as a source of creation and order.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. गीर्णं भुवनं तमसा अपगूळ्हम gīrṇám bhúvanam támasā ápagūḷham (11 syllables)
- B. आविः स्वर् अभवत् जाते ग्नौ āvís svàr abhavat jāté agnaú (11 syllables)
- C. तस्य देवाः पृथिवी द्यौः उत आपः tásya devā́ḥ pr̥thivī́ dyaúḥ utá ā́paḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अरंणीयन्न ओषधीः सख्ये अस्य áraṇayan óṣadhīḥ sakhyé asya (11 syllables)
गीर्णं (gīrṇám)
swallowed
भुवनं (bhúvanam)
world
तमसा (támasā)
by darkness
अपगूळ्हम (ápagūḷham)
concealed
आविः (āvís)
apparent, visible
स्वर् (svàr)
light, brightness
अभवत् (abhavat)
became
जाते (jāté)
when born
ग्नौ (agnaú)
in Agni
तस्य (tásya)
his
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
पृथिवी (pr̥thivī́)
earth
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
sky
उत (utá)
and
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
अरंणीयन्न (áraṇayan)
rejoiced, made merry
ओषधीः (óṣadhīḥ)
plants
सख्ये (sakhyé)
in friendship
अस्य (asya)
his
Stanza 10.88.3
दे॒वेभि॒र्न्वि॑षि॒तो य॒ज्ञिये॑भिर॒ग्निं स्तो॑षाण्य॒जरं॑ बृ॒हन्त॑म् | यो भा॒नुना॑ पृथि॒वीं द्यामु॒तेमामा॑त॒तान॒ रोद॑सी अ॒न्तरि॑क्षम् ||
devébhir nv .ìṣitó yajñíyebhir agníṁ stoṣāṇy ajáram br̥hántam yó bhānúnā pr̥thivī́ṁ dyā́m utémā́m ātatā́na ródasī antárikṣam
Inspired by the gods, I now wish to praise the eternal and great Agni. He who with his brilliance spread across the earth, the sky, and the intervening space.
The speaker, inspired by the gods, expresses a desire to praise Agni, the eternal and immense fire god. Agni's power is highlighted as he has spread light across the earth, the heavens, and the intermediate space, emphasizing his vast cosmic presence and influence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. देवेभिः नु निष् IT ओ ऽ यज्ञियेभिः devébhiḥ nú iṣitáḥ yajñíyebhiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अग्निम् स्तोषाणि अजरं बृ्हन्तम् agním stoṣāṇi ajáram br̥hántam (11 syllables)
- C. यः भानुना पृथ्वीं द्यां उत इमाम् yáḥ bhānúnā pr̥thivī́m dyā́m utá imā́m (11 syllables)
- D. आततान रोदसी अन्तरिक्षम् ātatā́na ródasī antárikṣam (11 syllables)
देवेभिः (devébhiḥ)
by the gods
नु (nú)
now
निष् IT ओ ऽ (iṣitáḥ)
inspired, urged
यज्ञियेभिः (yajñíyebhiḥ)
worthy of worship
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
स्तोषाणि (stoṣāṇi)
I will praise
अजरं (ajáram)
ageless
बृ्हन्तम् (br̥hántam)
great
यः (yáḥ)
who
भानुना (bhānúnā)
with brilliance
पृथ्वीं (pr̥thivī́m)
earth
द्यां (dyā́m)
sky
उत (utá)
and
इमाम् (imā́m)
this
आततान (ātatā́na)
spread out
रोदसी (ródasī)
two worlds (heaven and earth)
अन्तरिक्षम् (antárikṣam)
intermediate space
Stanza 10.88.4
यो होतासी॑त्प्रथ॒मो दे॒वजु॑ष्टो॒ यं स॒माञ्ज॒न्नाज्ये॑ना वृणा॒नाः | स प॑त॒त्री॑त्व॒रं स्था जग॒द्यच्छ्वा॒त्रम॒ग्निर॑कृणोज्जा॒तवे॑दाः ||
yó hótā́sīt prathamó devájuṣṭo yáṁ samā́ñjann ā́jyenā vr̥ṇānā́ḥ sá patatrīā̀tvaráṁ sthā́ jágad yác chvātrám agnír akr̥ṇoj jātávedāḥ
He was the first priest, accepted and chosen by the gods. He swiftly created all that flies, stands, and moves, the all-knowing Agni.
This stanza identifies Agni as the first priest, chosen and prepared by the gods. Agni is credited with creating and sustaining all forms of movement and existence – those that fly, stand, and move. He is further identified as Jātavedas, the knower of all beings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः होता आसीत् प्रथमः देवजुष्टः yáḥ hótā ā́sīt prathamáḥ devájuṣṭaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यं समान्ज्न वृणानाः yám samā́ñjan ā́jyena + vr̥ṇānā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. पतत्री इत्वरं स्थाः जगत यत् sá patatrí itvarám sthā́ḥ jágat yát (11 syllables)
- D. श्वात्रं अग्निः अकृणोत् जातवेदः śvātrám agníḥ akr̥ṇot jātávedāḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
होता (hótā)
priest
आसीत् (ā́sīt)
was
प्रथमः (prathamáḥ)
first
देवजुष्टः (devájuṣṭaḥ)
accepted by gods
यं (yám)
whom
समान्ज्न (samā́ñjan)
prepared, anointed
(ā́jyena +)
वृणानाः (vr̥ṇānā́ḥ)
choosing
(sá)
पतत्री (patatrí)
flying
इत्वरं (itvarám)
moving swiftly
स्थाः (sthā́ḥ)
standing
जगत (jágat)
moving
यत् (yát)
what
श्वात्रं (śvātrám)
existence, life
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
अकृणोत् (akr̥ṇot)
made
जातवेदः (jātávedāḥ)
Jātavedas (knower of all beings)
Stanza 10.88.5
यज्जा॑तवेदो॒ भुव॑नस्य मू॒र्धन्नति॑ष्ठो अग्ने स॒ह रो॑च॒नेन॑ | तं त्वा॑हेम म॒तिभि॑र्गी॒र्भिरु॒क्थैः स य॒ज्ञियो॑ अभवो रोदसि॒प्राः ||
yáj jātavedo bhúvanasya mūrdhánn átiṣṭho agne sahá rocanéna táṁ tvāhema matíbhir gīrbhír ukthaíḥ sá yajñíyo abhavo rodasiprā́ḥ
O Agni Jātavedas, because you stood at the head of the world with brilliance, we have invoked you with our thoughts, songs, and praises. You became the one who fills heaven and earth.
The speaker addresses Agni Jātavedas, acknowledging his prominent position at the head of the universe and his radiant splendor. The speaker declares that they have invoked Agni with their thoughts, songs, and praises, resulting in Agni becoming a divine entity that fills both heaven and earth.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यत् जातवेदः भुवनस्य मूर्धन् yát jātavedaḥ bhúvanasya mūrdhán (11 syllables)
- B. अतिष्ठः अग्ने सह रोचणेन átiṣṭhaḥ agne sahá rocanéna (11 syllables)
- C. तं त्वा अहेम मतिभिः गिभिः उक्थैः tám tvā ahema matíbhiḥ gīrbhíḥ ukthaíḥ (11 syllables)
- D. यज्ञियः अभवः रोदसिप्राः sá yajñíyaḥ abhavaḥ rodasiprā́ḥ (11 syllables)
यत् (yát)
because
जातवेदः (jātavedaḥ)
O Jātavedas
भुवनस्य (bhúvanasya)
of the world
मूर्धन् (mūrdhán)
at the head
अतिष्ठः (átiṣṭhaḥ)
you stood
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
सह (sahá)
along with
रोचणेन (rocanéna)
with brilliance
तं (tám)
him
त्वा (tvā)
you
अहेम (ahema)
we invoked
मतिभिः (matíbhiḥ)
with thoughts
गिभिः (gīrbhíḥ)
with songs
उक्थैः (ukthaíḥ)
with praises
(sá)
यज्ञियः (yajñíyaḥ)
worthy of worship
अभवः (abhavaḥ)
you became
रोदसिप्राः (rodasiprā́ḥ)
filler of heaven and earth
Stanza 10.88.6
मू॒र्धा भु॒वो भ॑वति॒ नक्त॑म॒ग्निस्ततः॒ सूर्यो॑ जायते प्रा॒तरु॒द्यन् | मा॒यामू॒ तु य॒ज्ञिया॑नामे॒तामपो॒ यत्तूर्णि॒श्चर॑ति प्रजा॒नन् ||
mūrdhā́ bhuvó bhavati náktam agnís tátaḥ sū́ryo jāyate prātár udyán māyā́m ū tú yajñíyānām etā́m ápo yát tū́rṇiś cárati prajānán
Agni is the head of the world at night; then he arises as the sun in the morning. The vigilant priest, knowing all, performs the sacred rites, following Agni's divine power.
Agni is described as the head of the world during the night, transforming into the sun at dawn. This cyclical nature signifies his constant presence and activity. The hymn then refers to the 'prompt priest' (likely Agni himself or a human priest embodying his role) who, with divine knowledge, carries out the rituals, suggesting Agni's continuous guidance in sacred actions.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मूर्धा भवति नक्तं अग्निः mūrdhā́ bhuváḥ bhavati náktam agníḥ (11 syllables)
- B. ततः सूर्यः जायते प्रातर उद्यन् tátas sū́ryaḥ jāyate prātár udyán (11 syllables)
- C. मायाम् यज्ञियानां एताम māyā́m u + tú yajñíyānām etā́m (10 syllables)
- D. अपः यत् तूर्णिः चरति प्रजानन् ápaḥ yát tū́rṇiḥ cárati prajānán (11 syllables)
मूर्धा (mūrdhā́)
head
(bhuváḥ)
भवति (bhavati)
becomes
नक्तं (náktam)
at night
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
ततः (tátas)
then
सूर्यः (sū́ryaḥ)
sun
जायते (jāyate)
is born
प्रातर (prātár)
in the morning
उद्यन् (udyán)
rising
मायाम् (māyā́m)
power, magic
(u +)
(tú)
यज्ञियानां (yajñíyānām)
of the worshipful
एताम (etā́m)
this
अपः (ápaḥ)
action, work
यत् (yát)
which
तूर्णिः (tū́rṇiḥ)
swift, prompt
चरति (cárati)
moves, acts
प्रजानन् (prajānán)
knowing
Stanza 10.88.7
दृ॒शेन्यो॒ यो म॑हि॒ना समि॒द्धोऽरो॑चत दि॒वियो॑निर्वि॒भावा॑ | तस्मि॑न्न॒ग्नौ सू॑क्तवा॒केन॑ दे॒वा ह॒विर्विश्व॒ आजु॑हवुस्तनू॒पाः ||
dr̥śényo yó mahinā́ sámiddhó 'rocata divíyonir vibhā́vā tásminn agnaú sūktavākéna devā́ havír víśva ā́juhavus tanūpā́ḥ
He who is beautiful to behold, kindled in his greatness, shone in the heavens, radiant. In this Agni, the gods, with well-sung hymns, offered oblations, protecting their bodies.
The hymn praises Agni as a beautiful and great deity, who shines brilliantly in the heavens. The gods, along with their body-guarding aspects (tanūpāḥ), are said to have offered oblations to this Agni with well-recited hymns, highlighting Agni's divine radiance and the reverence he receives.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दृशेर्यः यः महिना समिद्धः dr̥śényaḥ yáḥ mahinā́ sámiddhaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अरोचत दिवियोनिः विभावा árocata divíyoniḥ vibhā́vā (11 syllables)
- C. तस्मिन्न ग्नौ सूक्तवाकेने देवाः tásmin agnaú sūktavākéna devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. हविः विश्वे आ आजुहवुः तनुपाः havíḥ víśve ā́ ajuhavuḥ tanūpā́ḥ (11 syllables)
दृशेर्यः (dr̥śényaḥ)
beautiful to behold
यः (yáḥ)
who
महिना (mahinā́)
by greatness
समिद्धः (sámiddhaḥ)
kindled, inflamed
अरोचत (árocata)
shone
दिवियोनिः (divíyoniḥ)
having heaven as seat
विभावा (vibhā́vā)
radiant
तस्मिन्न (tásmin)
in that
ग्नौ (agnaú)
in Agni
सूक्तवाकेने (sūktavākéna)
with well-sung hymns
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
हविः (havíḥ)
oblation
विश्वे (víśve)
all
आ (ā́)
towards
आजुहवुः (ajuhavuḥ)
offered
तनुपाः (tanūpā́ḥ)
body-protecting
Stanza 10.88.8
सू॒क्त॒वा॒कं प्र॑थ॒ममादिद॒ग्निमादिद्ध॒विर॑जनयन्त दे॒वाः | स ए॑षां य॒ज्ञो अ॑भवत्तनू॒पास्तं द्यौर्वे॑द॒ तं पृ॑थि॒वी तमापः॑ ||
sūktavākám prathamám ā́d íd agním ā́d íd dhavír ajanayanta devā́ḥ sá eṣāṁ yajñó abhavat tanūpā́s táṁ dyaúr veda tám pr̥thivī́ tám ā́paḥ
The gods first created the hymns, then Agni, then the offering. He became their protective sacrifice. The heavens know him, the earth knows him, the waters know him.
The gods first created the 'hymnal' (suktas), then Agni, and then the sacrificial offering. This Agni became their protective sacrifice. The hymn concludes by stating that the heavens, earth, and waters all know and recognize this Agni, emphasizing his universal awareness and presence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सूक्तवाकं प्रथमं अग्निम् sūktavākám prathamám ā́t ít agním (11 syllables)
- B. हविः अजनयन्त देवाः ā́t ít havíḥ ajanayanta devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. सः एषां यज्ञः अभवत् तनुपाः sáḥ eṣām yajñáḥ abhavat tanūpā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. तं द्यौः वेद तं पृथ्वी तं आपः tám dyaúḥ veda tám pr̥thivī́ tám ā́paḥ (11 syllables)
सूक्तवाकं (sūktavākám)
hymnal
प्रथमं (prathamám)
first
(ā́t)
(ít)
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
(ā́t)
(ít)
हविः (havíḥ)
oblation
अजनयन्त (ajanayanta)
they generated
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
सः (sáḥ)
he
एषां (eṣām)
their
यज्ञः (yajñáḥ)
sacrifice
अभवत् (abhavat)
became
तनुपाः (tanūpā́ḥ)
body-protecting
तं (tám)
him
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
sky
वेद (veda)
knows
तं (tám)
him
पृथ्वी (pr̥thivī́)
earth
तं (tám)
him
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
Stanza 10.88.9
यं दे॒वासोऽज॑नयन्ता॒ग्निं यस्मि॒न्नाजु॑हवु॒र्भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ | सो अ॒र्चिषा॑ पृथि॒वीं द्यामु॒तेमामृ॑जू॒यमा॑नो अतपन्महि॒त्वा ||
yáṁ devā́só 'janayantāgníṁ yásminn ā́juhavur bhúvanāni víśvā só arcíṣā pr̥thivī́ṁ dyā́m utémā́m r̥jūyámāno atapan mahitvā́
The gods generated Agni, in whom all worlds were offered. He, with his brilliance, spread across and heated the earth and this sky. Moving powerfully, he heated them with his greatness.
The gods generated Agni, in whom all worlds and beings were offered. This Agni, with his bright radiance, spread across and heated the earth and sky. His powerful movement and grandeur are highlighted as he continues his cosmic expansion and influence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यं देवासो अजनयन्त अग्निम् yám devā́saḥ ájanayanta agním (11 syllables)
- B. यस्मिन्न आ आजुहवुः भुवनानि विश्वा yásmin ā́ ájuhavuḥ bhúvanāni víśvā (12 syllables)
- C. सः अर्चिषा पृथ्वीं द्यां उत इमाम् sáḥ arcíṣā pr̥thivī́m dyā́m utá imā́m (11 syllables)
- D. ऋजूयमानः अतपत् महित्वा r̥jūyámānaḥ atapat mahitvā́ (11 syllables)
यं (yám)
whom
देवासो (devā́saḥ)
gods
अजनयन्त (ájanayanta)
they generated
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
यस्मिन्न (yásmin)
in whom
आ (ā́)
into
आजुहवुः (ájuhavuḥ)
they offered
भुवनानि (bhúvanāni)
worlds
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
सः (sáḥ)
he
अर्चिषा (arcíṣā)
with brilliance
पृथ्वीं (pr̥thivī́m)
earth
द्यां (dyā́m)
sky
उत (utá)
and
इमाम् (imā́m)
this
ऋजूयमानः (r̥jūyámānaḥ)
moving straight, powerfully
अतपत् (atapat)
he heated
महित्वा (mahitvā́)
with greatness
Stanza 10.88.10
स्तोमे॑न॒ हि दि॒वि दे॒वासो॑ अ॒ग्निमजी॑जन॒ञ्छक्ति॑भी रोदसि॒प्राम् | तमू॑ अकृण्वन्त्रे॒धा भु॒वे कं स ओष॑धीः पचति वि॒श्वरू॑पाः ||
stómena hí diví devā́so agním ájījanañ cháktibhī rodasiprā́m tám ū akr̥ṇvan tredhā́ bhuvé káṁ sá óṣadhīḥ pacati viśvárūpāḥ
With praise and power, the gods generated Agni in heaven, filling both worlds. They made him threefold; he ripens plants of all forms.
The gods created Agni in the heavens with praise and power, making him fill both worlds. They formed him into a threefold essence, and he, in turn, ripens all plants of various forms. This highlights Agni's multifaceted nature and his role in nurturing earthly existence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स्तोमेण हि दिवि देवासो अग्निम् stómena hí diví devā́saḥ agním (11 syllables)
- B. अजीजनन् शक्तिभिः रोदसिप्रां ájījanan śáktibhiḥ rodasiprā́m (11 syllables)
- C. तं त्रेधा भुवे कं tám u + akr̥ṇvan tredhā́ bhuvé kám (11 syllables)
- D. सः ओषधीः पचति विश्वरूपाः sáḥ óṣadhīḥ pacati viśvárūpāḥ (11 syllables)
स्तोमेण (stómena)
with praise
हि (hí)
indeed
दिवि (diví)
in heaven
देवासो (devā́saḥ)
gods
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
अजीजनन् (ájījanan)
they generated
शक्तिभिः (śáktibhiḥ)
with power
रोदसिप्रां (rodasiprā́m)
filling the two worlds
तं (tám)
him
(u +)
(akr̥ṇvan)
त्रेधा (tredhā́)
in threefold
भुवे (bhuvé)
to be
कं (kám)
what
सः (sáḥ)
he
ओषधीः (óṣadhīḥ)
plants
पचति (pacati)
ripens, cooks
विश्वरूपाः (viśvárūpāḥ)
of all forms
Stanza 10.88.11
य॒देदे॑न॒मद॑धुर्य॒ज्ञिया॑सो दि॒वि दे॒वाः सूर्य॑मादिते॒यम् | य॒दा च॑रि॒ष्णू मि॑थु॒नावभू॑ता॒मादित्प्राप॑श्य॒न्भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ||
yadéd enam ádadhur yajñíyāso diví devā́ḥ sū́ryam āditeyám yadā́ cariṣṇū́ mithunā́v ábhūtām ā́d ít prā́paśyan bhúvanāni víśvā
When the gods placed him, the Sun, Son of Aditi, in the sky, and when the ever-moving pair came into being, all the worlds saw them.
This stanza describes the placement of Agni (or Surya, the Sun) in the heavens by the gods, calling him the 'Son of Aditi'. It states that when this pair, ever-moving and complementary, came into being, all the worlds and creatures saw them. This highlights their cosmic origin and their visible presence in the universe.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यदा इत् एनं अदधुः यज्ञियासो yadā́ ít enam ádadhuḥ yajñíyāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. दिवि देवाः सूर्यम् आदितेयम् diví devā́ḥ sū́ryam āditeyám (11 syllables)
- C. यदा चरिष्णू मिथुनौ अभूताम् yadā́ cariṣṇū́ mithunaú ábhūtām (11 syllables)
- D. इत् प्र अपश्यन् भुवनानि विश्वा ā́t ít prá apaśyan bhúvanāni víśvā (11 syllables)
यदा (yadā́)
when
इत् (ít)
indeed
एनं (enam)
him
अदधुः (ádadhuḥ)
they placed
यज्ञियासो (yajñíyāsaḥ)
worshipful
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
सूर्यम् (sū́ryam)
Sun
आदितेयम् (āditeyám)
Son of Aditi
यदा (yadā́)
when
चरिष्णू (cariṣṇū́)
ever-moving
मिथुनौ (mithunaú)
pair
अभूताम् (ábhūtām)
they came into being
(ā́t)
इत् (ít)
indeed
प्र (prá)
forth
अपश्यन् (apaśyan)
they saw
भुवनानि (bhúvanāni)
worlds
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
Stanza 10.88.12
विश्व॑स्मा अ॒ग्निं भुव॑नाय दे॒वा वै॑श्वान॒रं के॒तुमह्ना॑मकृण्वन् | आ यस्त॒तानो॒षसो॑ विभा॒तीरपो॑ ऊर्णोति॒ तमो॑ अ॒र्चिषा॒ यन् ||
víśvasmā agním bhúvanāya devā́ vaiśvānaráṁ ketúm áhnām akr̥ṇvan ā́ yás tatā́noṣáso vibhātī́r ápo ūrṇoti támo arcíṣā yán
For the whole world, the gods made Agni Vaiśvānara the banner of the days. He spread the bright morning and, with his light, covers the darkness.
The gods appointed Agni, Vaiśvānara, as the 'Banner of the Days' for the entire world. This radiant Agni spreads the bright morning light and dispels the darkness with his brilliance, signifying his role as a dispeller of ignorance and bringer of illumination to the cosmos.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विश्वस्मै अग्निम् भुवनाय देवाः víśvasmai agním bhúvanāya devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. वैश्वानरं केतुं अह्नां अकृण्वन् vaiśvānarám ketúm áhnām akr̥ṇvan (11 syllables)
- C. आ यः ततान उषसः विभातीः ā́ yáḥ tatā́na uṣásaḥ vibhātī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अप उ ऊर्णोति तमः अर्चिषा यन् ápa u ūrṇoti támaḥ arcíṣā yán (11 syllables)
विश्वस्मै (víśvasmai)
for all
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
भुवनाय (bhúvanāya)
for the world
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
वैश्वानरं (vaiśvānarám)
Vaiśvānara (Agni's name)
केतुं (ketúm)
banner, sign
अह्नां (áhnām)
of the days
अकृण्वन् (akr̥ṇvan)
they made
आ (ā́)
upon
यः (yáḥ)
who
ततान (tatā́na)
spread out
उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
mornings
विभातीः (vibhātī́ḥ)
shining
अप (ápa)
away
उ (u)
and
ऊर्णोति (ūrṇoti)
covers, envelops
तमः (támaḥ)
darkness
अर्चिषा (arcíṣā)
with brilliance
यन् (yán)
going
Stanza 10.88.13
वै॒श्वा॒न॒रं क॒वयो॑ य॒ज्ञिया॑सो॒ऽग्निं दे॒वा अ॑जनयन्नजु॒र्यम् | नक्ष॑त्रं प्र॒त्नममि॑नच्चरि॒ष्णु य॒क्षस्याध्य॑क्षं तवि॒षं बृ॒हन्त॑म् ||
vaiśvānaráṁ kaváyo yajñíyāso 'gníṁ devā́ ajanayann ajuryám nákṣatram pratnám áminac cariṣṇú yakṣásyā́dhyakṣaṁ taviṣám br̥hántam
The wise ones and the gods generated Agni Vaiśvānara, who does not age. The ancient, ever-moving star, the great, powerful lord of the sacrifice.
Wise sages and gods created Agni Vaiśvānara, who is eternal and never ages. He is described as an ancient, ever-moving star, the great and powerful lord over all existence, highlighting his divine, timeless, and supreme nature.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वैश्वानरं कवयो यज्ञियासो vaiśvānarám kaváyaḥ yajñíyāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अग्निम् देवाः अजनयन्न अजुर्यं agním devā́ḥ ajanayan ajuryám (11 syllables)
- C. नक्षत्रं प्रत्नं अमिनच्चरिष्णु चरिष्णु nákṣatram pratnám áminat cariṣṇú (11 syllables)
- D. यक्ष्स्य अध्यक्षं तविषं बृ्हन्तं yakṣásya ádhyakṣam taviṣám br̥hántam (11 syllables)
वैश्वानरं (vaiśvānarám)
Vaiśvānara (Agni)
कवयो (kaváyaḥ)
sages
यज्ञियासो (yajñíyāsaḥ)
worthy of worship
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
अजनयन्न (ajanayan)
they generated
अजुर्यं (ajuryám)
ageless, undecaying
नक्षत्रं (nákṣatram)
star
प्रत्नं (pratnám)
ancient
अमिनच्चरिष्णु (áminat)
unfailing, eternal
चरिष्णु (cariṣṇú)
moving
यक्ष्स्य (yakṣásya)
of the sacrifice/being
अध्यक्षं (ádhyakṣam)
lord, overseer
तविषं (taviṣám)
powerful
बृ्हन्तं (br̥hántam)
great
Stanza 10.88.14
वै॒श्वा॒न॒रं वि॒श्वहा॑ दीदि॒वांसं॒ मन्त्रै॑र॒ग्निं क॒विमच्छा॑ वदामः | यो म॑हि॒म्ना प॑रिब॒भूवो॒र्वी उ॒तावस्ता॑दु॒त दे॒वः प॒रस्ता॑त् ||
vaiśvānaráṁ viśváhā dīdivā́ṁsam mántrair agníṁ kavím áchā vadāmaḥ yó mahimnā́ paribabhū́vorvī́ utā́vástād utá deváḥ parástāt
With verses, we call upon the wise, ever-shining Agni Vaiśvānara. He who, with his greatness, surpassed both worlds, below and above, he is the divine one.
The speaker calls upon Agni Vaiśvānara, the wise and ever-shining deity, with sacred verses. Agni's greatness is emphasized as he has surpassed both heaven and earth. He is described as a divine presence both below and above, signifying his all-encompassing power.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वैश्वानरं विश्वहा दीदिवांसं vaiśvānarám viśváhā dīdivā́ṃsam (11 syllables)
- B. मन्त्रैः अग्निम् कविं mántraiḥ agním kavím ácha + vadāmaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यः महिम्ना परिबभूव उर्वी yáḥ mahimnā́ paribabhū́va urvī́ (11 syllables)
- D. उत अवस्तात् उत देवः परस्तात् utá avástāt utá deváḥ parástāt (11 syllables)
वैश्वानरं (vaiśvānarám)
Vaiśvānara (Agni)
विश्वहा (viśváhā)
always, all the time
दीदिवांसं (dīdivā́ṃsam)
shining
मन्त्रैः (mántraiḥ)
with verses
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
कविं (kavím)
wise
(ácha +)
(vadāmaḥ)
यः (yáḥ)
who
महिम्ना (mahimnā́)
by greatness
परिबभूव (paribabhū́va)
surpassed, encompassed
उर्वी (urvī́)
two worlds (earth and heaven)
उत (utá)
and
अवस्तात् (avástāt)
below
उत (utá)
and
देवः (deváḥ)
god
परस्तात् (parástāt)
above
Stanza 10.88.15
द्वे स्रु॒ती अ॑शृणवं पितॄ॒णाम॒हं दे॒वाना॑मु॒त मर्त्या॑नाम् | ताभ्या॑मि॒दं विश्व॒मेज॒त्समे॑ति॒ यद॑न्त॒रा पि॒तरं॑ मा॒तरं॑ च ||
dvé srutī́ aśr̥ṇavam pitr̥r̥ṇā́m aháṁ devā́nām utá mártyānām tā́bhyām idáṁ víśvam éjat sám eti yád antarā́ pitáram mātáraṁ ca
I have heard of two paths, for the ancestors, for the gods, and for mortals. All this moves along them, existing between the father and the mother.
The speaker has heard of two distinct paths: one for the ancestors (pitṛ), one for the gods, and one for mortals. All creatures and things exist and move along these two paths, situated between the 'father' and 'mother' (potentially representing cosmic principles or parents). This suggests a framework of cosmic order and movement governed by divine and ancestral forces.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. द्वे स्रुती अशृणवं पितॄणां dvé srutī́ aśr̥ṇavam pitr̥̄ṇā́m (12 syllables)
- B. अहं देवानां उत मर्त्यानां ahám devā́nām utá mártyānām (11 syllables)
- C. ताभ्याम् इदं विश्वं एजत tā́bhyām idám víśvam éjat sám eti (11 syllables)
- D. यद् अन्तरा पितरं मातरं च yát antarā́ pitáram mātáram ca (11 syllables)
द्वे (dvé)
two
स्रुती (srutī́)
paths, ways
अशृणवं (aśr̥ṇavam)
I heard
पितॄणां (pitr̥̄ṇā́m)
of the ancestors
अहं (ahám)
I
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
उत (utá)
and
मर्त्यानां (mártyānām)
of mortals
ताभ्याम् (tā́bhyām)
on them
इदं (idám)
this
विश्वं (víśvam)
all
एजत (éjat)
moves
(sám)
(eti)
यद् (yát)
which
अन्तरा (antarā́)
between
पितरं (pitáram)
father
मातरं (mātáram)
mother
च (ca)
and
Stanza 10.88.16
द्वे स॑मी॒ची बि॑भृत॒श्चर॑न्तं शीर्ष॒तो जा॒तं मन॑सा॒ विमृ॑ष्टम् | स प्र॒त्यङ्विश्वा॒ भुव॑नानि तस्था॒वप्र॑युच्छन्त॒रणि॒र्भ्राज॑मानः ||
dvé samīcī́ bibhr̥taś cárantaṁ śīrṣató jātám mánasā vímr̥ṣṭam sá pratyáṅ víśvā bhúvanāni tasthāv áprayuchan taráṇir bhrā́jamānaḥ
The two harmonious paths carry him who journeys, born from the head and pondered by the mind. He stands facing all worlds, moving tirelessly with his shining splendor.
The two harmonious paths carry the traveler, who is born from the head (mind) and pondered within the spirit. This being stands oriented towards all existing worlds, moving tirelessly with his shining splendor. This describes a cosmic entity, perhaps Agni or Surya, pervading and sustaining the universe.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. द्वे समीची बिभृत चरन्तं dvé samīcī́ bibhr̥taḥ cárantam (11 syllables)
- B. शीर्षतः जातं मनसा विमृष्टं śīrṣatás jātám mánasā vímr̥ṣṭam (11 syllables)
- C. प्रत्यङ विश्वा भुवनानि तस्थौ sá pratyáṅ víśvā bhúvanāni tasthau (11 syllables)
- D. अप्रयुच्छन् तरणिः भ्राजमानः áprayuchan taráṇiḥ bhrā́jamānaḥ (11 syllables)
द्वे (dvé)
two
समीची (samīcī́)
harmonious, united
बिभृत (bibhr̥taḥ)
they carry
चरन्तं (cárantam)
traveling
शीर्षतः (śīrṣatás)
from the head
जातं (jātám)
born
मनसा (mánasā)
by the mind
विमृष्टं (vímr̥ṣṭam)
pondered, considered
(sá)
प्रत्यङ (pratyáṅ)
facing
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
भुवनानि (bhúvanāni)
worlds
तस्थौ (tasthau)
stands
अप्रयुच्छन् (áprayuchan)
unfailing, tireless
तरणिः (taráṇiḥ)
swift, powerful
भ्राजमानः (bhrā́jamānaḥ)
shining
Stanza 10.88.17
यत्रा॒ वदे॑ते॒ अव॑रः॒ पर॑श्च यज्ञ॒न्योः॑ कत॒रो नौ॒ वि वे॑द | आ शे॑कु॒रित्स॑ध॒मादं॒ सखा॑यो॒ नक्ष॑न्त य॒ज्ञं क इ॒दं वि वो॑चत् ||
yátrā vádete ávaraḥ páraś ca yajñanyòḥ kataró nau ví veda ā́ śekur ít sadhamā́daṁ sákhāyo nákṣanta yajñáṁ ká idáṁ ví vocat
Which of the two rite-leaders, the lower or the upper, speaks? Our friends have gathered for the shared meal. Who will explain this?
The speaker questions which of the two 'rite-leaders' (yajñanyòḥ) – the lower or the upper – truly understands their speech. Friends have gathered for the sacrifice, and they have come to participate. The speaker then asks who will explain or announce the significance of this event, indicating a moment of contemplation and seeking deeper understanding.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यत्र वदेते अवरः परः च yátra + vádete ávaraḥ páraḥ ca (11 syllables)
- B. यज्ञन्योः कतरः नौ yajñanyòḥ kataráḥ nau ví veda (11 syllables)
- C. इत् सधमादं सखायः ā́ śekuḥ ít sadhamā́dam sákhāyaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. नक्षन्त यज्ञं कः इदं nákṣanta yajñám káḥ idám ví vocat (11 syllables)
यत्र (yátra +)
where
वदेते (vádete)
they speak
अवरः (ávaraḥ)
lower
परः (páraḥ)
upper
च (ca)
and
यज्ञन्योः (yajñanyòḥ)
of the two rite-leaders
कतरः (kataráḥ)
which
नौ (nau)
of us two
(ví)
(veda)
(ā́)
(śekuḥ)
इत् (ít)
indeed
सधमादं (sadhamā́dam)
shared meal, assembly
सखायः (sákhāyaḥ)
friends
नक्षन्त (nákṣanta)
come, arrive
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
कः (káḥ)
who
इदं (idám)
this
(ví)
(vocat)
Stanza 10.88.18
कत्य॒ग्नयः॒ कति॒ सूर्या॑सः॒ कत्यु॒षासः॒ कत्यु॑ स्वि॒दापः॑ | नोप॒स्पिजं॑ वः पितरो वदामि पृ॒च्छामि॑ वः कवयो वि॒द्मने॒ कम् ||
káty agnáyaḥ káti sū́ryāsaḥ káty uṣā́saḥ káty u svid ā́paḥ nópaspíjaṁ vaḥ pitaro vadāmi pr̥chā́mi vaḥ kavayo vidmáne kám
How many fires? How many suns? How many dawns? How many waters? I do not speak to you jestingly, O Fathers. Sages, I ask you for knowledge.
The speaker poses a series of questions about the number of fires, suns, dawns, and waters, indicating a desire to understand the fundamental elements of the cosmos. Addressing the 'Fathers' and 'Sages' respectfully, the speaker clarifies that the questions are not meant lightly but are posed for the purpose of gaining knowledge.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कति अग्नयः कति सूर्याः káti agnáyaḥ káti sū́ryāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. कति उषासः कति उ स्विद् आपः káti uṣā́saḥ káti u svit ā́paḥ (11 syllables)
- C. न उपस्पिजं वः पितरः वदामि ná upaspíjam vaḥ pitaraḥ vadāmi (11 syllables)
- D. पृच्छामि वः कवयो विद्मने कम् pr̥chā́mi vaḥ kavayaḥ vidmáne kám (11 syllables)
कति (káti)
how many
अग्नयः (agnáyaḥ)
fires
कति (káti)
how many
सूर्याः (sū́ryāsaḥ)
suns
कति (káti)
how many
उषासः (uṣā́saḥ)
dawns
कति (káti)
how many
उ (u)
and
स्विद् (svit)
indeed
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
न (ná)
not
उपस्पिजं (upaspíjam)
jestingly, playfully
वः (vaḥ)
you
पितरः (pitaraḥ)
O Fathers
वदामि (vadāmi)
I speak
पृच्छामि (pr̥chā́mi)
I ask
वः (vaḥ)
you
कवयो (kavayaḥ)
O Sages
विद्मने (vidmáne)
for knowing
कम् (kám)
what
Stanza 10.88.19
या॒व॒न्मा॒त्रमु॒षसो॒ न प्रती॑कं सुप॒र्ण्यो॒३॒॑ वस॑ते मातरिश्वः | ताव॑द्दधा॒त्युप॑ य॒ज्ञमा॒यन्ब्रा॑ह्म॒णो होतु॒रव॑रो नि॒षीद॑न् ||
yāvanmātrám uṣáso ná prátīkaṁ suparṇyò vásate mātariśvaḥ tā́vad dadhāty úpa yajñám āyán brāhmaṇó hótur ávaro niṣī́dan
As great as the radiant dawn is to Matarishvan, so great is the Brahman who approaches the sacrifice and sits below the Hotar.
The speaker compares the vastness of the beautiful dawn, with its radiant birds (representing light or phenomena), to the role of the Brahman priest. This priest, like the dawn, approaches the sacrifice, sits below the Hotar (chief priest), and performs his duties, implying that the Brahman's ritualistic function is as essential and illuminating as the dawn.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यावन्मात्रं उषसः न प्रतीकं yāvanmātrám uṣásaḥ ná prátīkam (11 syllables)
- B. सुपर्ण्यः वसते मातरिश्वः suparṇyàḥ vásate mātariśvaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तावद्द दधाति उप यज्ञं आयन् tā́vat dadhāti úpa yajñám āyán (11 syllables)
- D. ब्राह्मणः होतुः अवरः निषीदन् brāhmaṇáḥ hótuḥ ávaraḥ niṣī́dan (11 syllables)
यावन्मात्रं (yāvanmātrám)
as great as
उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
of the dawn
न (ná)
not
प्रतीकं (prátīkam)
presence, form
सुपर्ण्यः (suparṇyàḥ)
radiant birds (of the dawn)
वसते (vásate)
dwells
मातरिश्वः (mātariśvaḥ)
O Matarishvan
तावद्द (tā́vat)
so great
दधाति (dadhāti)
places, performs
उप (úpa)
near
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
आयन् (āyán)
approaching
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇáḥ)
Brahman priest
होतुः (hótuḥ)
of the Hotar (chief priest)
अवरः (ávaraḥ)
below
निषीदन् (niṣī́dan)
sitting