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Stanza 10.85.1
स॒त्येनोत्त॑भिता॒ भूमिः॒ सूर्ये॒णोत्त॑भिता॒ द्यौः | ऋ॒तेना॑दि॒त्यास्ति॑ष्ठन्ति दि॒वि सोमो॒ अधि॑ श्रि॒तः ||
satyénóttabhitā bhū́miḥ sū́ryeṇóttabhitā dyaúḥ r̥ténādityā́s tiṣṭhanti diví sómo ádhi śritáḥ
The earth is supported by Truth, the sky is supported by the Sun. The Adityas stand firm by the cosmic order (Rta). Soma is established in the sky.
This stanza establishes the fundamental principles that uphold the cosmos. Truth is the foundation of the earth, the Sun sustains the heavens, and cosmic order (Rta) maintains the celestial Adityas. Soma, the divine drink and celestial entity, is revered as residing in the heavens, signifying its supreme importance.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सत्येन उत्தமிழता भूमिः satyéna úttabhitā bhū́miḥ (8 syllables)
- B. सूर्येण उत्தமிழता द्यौः sū́ryeṇa úttabhitā dyaúḥ (8 syllables)
- C. ऋतेन आदित्याः तिष्ठन्ति r̥téna ādityā́ḥ tiṣṭhanti (8 syllables)
- D. दिवि सोमः अधि श्रितः diví sómaḥ ádhi śritáḥ (8 syllables)
सत्येन (satyéna)
by truth
उत्தமிழता (úttabhitā)
supported, sustained
भूमिः (bhū́miḥ)
earth
सूर्येण (sū́ryeṇa)
by the sun
उत्தமிழता (úttabhitā)
supported, sustained
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
sky, heaven
ऋतेन (r̥téna)
by cosmic order
आदित्याः (ādityā́ḥ)
the Adityas (solar deities)
तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti)
stand
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma (divine drink/deity)
अधि (ádhi)
upon, above
श्रितः (śritáḥ)
established, situated
Stanza 10.85.2
सोमे॑नादि॒त्या ब॒लिनः॒ सोमे॑न पृथि॒वी म॒ही | अथो॒ नक्ष॑त्राणामे॒षामु॒पस्थे॒ सोम॒ आहि॑तः ||
sómenādityā́ balínaḥ sómena pr̥thivī́ mahī́ átho nákṣatrāṇām eṣā́m upásthe sóma ā́hitaḥ
By Soma, the Adityas are strong, and by Soma, the earth is great. In the midst of these constellations, Soma is established.
This stanza highlights the power of Soma in bestowing strength and magnitude. The Adityas (divine beings) gain their strength from Soma, and the great earth receives its magnificence through Soma. Soma is thus presented as the central force that empowers and sustains the cosmic order.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सोमेन आदित्याः बलिनाः sómena ādityā́ḥ balínaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. सोमेन पृथिवी मही sómena pr̥thivī́ mahī́ (8 syllables)
- C. अथ उ नक्षत्राणाम् एषाम् átha u nákṣatrāṇām eṣā́m (8 syllables)
- D. उपस्थे सोमः आहितः upásthe sómaḥ ā́hitaḥ (8 syllables)
सोमेन (sómena)
by Soma
आदित्याः (ādityā́ḥ)
the Adityas
बलिनाः (balínaḥ)
strong
सोमेन (sómena)
by Soma
पृथिवी (pr̥thivī́)
earth
मही (mahī́)
great, mighty
अथ (átha)
and
उ (u)
and
नक्षत्राणाम् (nákṣatrāṇām)
of the stars
एषाम् (eṣā́m)
of these
उपस्थे (upásthe)
in the midst, in the lap
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma
आहितः (ā́hitaḥ)
placed, established
Stanza 10.85.3
सोमं॑ मन्यते पपि॒वान्यत्स॑म्पिं॒षन्त्योष॑धिम् | सोमं॒ यं ब्र॒ह्माणो॑ वि॒दुर्न तस्या॑श्नाति॒ कश्च॒न ||
sómam manyate papivā́n yát sampiṁṣánty óṣadhim sómaṁ yám brahmā́ṇo vidúr ná tásyāśnāti káś caná
One thinks, when they prepare the plant, that they have drunk Soma. But those whom the Brahmans know as Soma, no one truly partakes of them.
This verse speaks about the perception and knowledge of Soma. While one might mistakenly believe they have consumed Soma upon processing the plant, true knowledge of Soma belongs only to the Brahmans (wise ones) who understand its deeper, perhaps spiritual, essence. It implies that the external act of consuming the plant is not the true experience of Soma.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सोमम् मन्यते पपिवान् sómam manyate papivā́n (8 syllables)
- B. यत् संपिषन्ति ओषधिम् yát sampiṃṣánti óṣadhim (8 syllables)
- C. सोमम् यं ब्रह्माणः विदुः sómam yám brahmā́ṇaḥ vidúḥ (8 syllables)
- D. न तस्य अश्नाति कः चन ná tásya aśnāti káḥ caná (8 syllables)
सोमम् (sómam)
Soma
मन्यते (manyate)
thinks
पपिवान् (papivā́n)
having drunk
यत् (yát)
when
संपिषन्ति (sampiṃṣánti)
they crush, pound
ओषधिम् (óṣadhim)
the plant
सोमम् (sómam)
Soma
यं (yám)
whom
ब्रह्माणः (brahmā́ṇaḥ)
the Brahmans (knowers of Brahman)
विदुः (vidúḥ)
know
न (ná)
not
तस्य (tásya)
of him
अश्नाति (aśnāti)
eats, partakes
कः (káḥ)
who
चन (caná)
any one
Stanza 10.85.4
आ॒च्छद्वि॑धानैर्गुपि॒तो बार्ह॑तैः सोम रक्षि॒तः | ग्राव्णा॒मिच्छृ॒ण्वन्ति॑ष्ठसि॒ न ते॑ अश्नाति॒ पार्थि॑वः ||
āchádvidhānair gupitó bā́rhataiḥ soma rakṣitáḥ grā́vṇām íc chr̥ṇván tiṣṭhasi ná te aśnāti pā́rthivaḥ
O Soma, you are protected by sacred rules and hymns. You stand listening to the stones (used in ritual). The earthly beings do not partake of you.
This verse describes Soma as being protected by sacred knowledge and hymns, specifically mentioning the Brihati meter. It emphasizes Soma's elevated status, being beyond the reach of ordinary mortals. The verse contrasts Soma's divine nature with the earthly existence of people who cannot partake of it.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. आच्छद्विधानैः गुपितः āchádvidhānaiḥ gupitáḥ (8 syllables)
- B. बार्हैः सोम रक्षितः bā́rhataiḥ soma rakṣitáḥ (8 syllables)
- C. ग्राव्णाम् इत् श्रृण्वन् तिष्ठसि grā́vṇām ít śr̥ṇván tiṣṭhasi (8 syllables)
- D. न ते अश्नाति पार्थिवः ná te aśnāti pā́rthivaḥ (8 syllables)
आच्छद्विधानैः (āchádvidhānaiḥ)
by protective rules/methods
गुपितः (gupitáḥ)
protected
बार्हैः (bā́rhataiḥ)
by (hymns in) Brihati meter
सोम (soma)
O Soma
रक्षितः (rakṣitáḥ)
guarded
ग्राव्णाम् (grā́vṇām)
of the pressing stones (used in ritual)
इत् (ít)
indeed
श्रृण्वन् (śr̥ṇván)
hearing
तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi)
you stand
न (ná)
not
ते (te)
of you
अश्नाति (aśnāti)
eats, partakes
पार्थिवः (pā́rthivaḥ)
earthly person
Stanza 10.85.5
यत्त्वा॑ देव प्र॒पिब॑न्ति॒ तत॒ आ प्या॑यसे॒ पुनः॑ | वा॒युः सोम॑स्य रक्षि॒ता समा॑नां॒ मास॒ आकृ॑तिः ||
yát tvā deva prapíbanti táta ā́ pyāyase púnaḥ vāyúḥ sómasya rakṣitā́ sámānām mā́sa ā́kr̥tiḥ
O God, when they drink you, you swell again. Vayu is Soma's protector. The moon marks the progression of the months.
This verse addresses Soma as a divine being, describing its process of absorption and replenishment. When people drink Soma, it swells and renews itself. The wind (Vayu) is identified as Soma's guardian, and the moon's cycle is linked to the passage of time, suggesting Soma's cosmic role.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. यत् त्वा देव प्रपिबन्ति yát tvā deva prapíbanti (8 syllables)
- B. ततः आ प्यायसे पुनः tátas ā́ pyāyase púnar (8 syllables)
- C. वायुः सोमस्य रक्षिता vāyúḥ sómasya rakṣitā́ (8 syllables)
- D. समाम् मासः आकृतिः sámānām mā́saḥ ā́kr̥tiḥ (8 syllables)
यत् (yát)
when
त्वा (tvā)
you
देव (deva)
O God
प्रपिबन्ति (prapíbanti)
they drink
ततः (tátas)
from that
आ (ā́)
up
प्यायसे (pyāyase)
you swell
पुनः (púnar)
again
वायुः (vāyúḥ)
wind (god)
सोमस्य (sómasya)
of Soma
रक्षिता (rakṣitā́)
protector, guardian
समाम् (sámānām)
of months
मासः (mā́saḥ)
month
आकृतिः (ā́kr̥tiḥ)
form, shape (here referring to the moon's phases)
Stanza 10.85.6
रैभ्या॑सीदनु॒देयी॑ नाराशं॒सी न्योच॑नी | सू॒र्याया॑ भ॒द्रमिद्वासो॒ गाथ॑यैति॒ परि॑ष्कृतम् ||
raíbhy āsīd anudéyī nārāśaṁsī́ nyócanī sūryā́yā bhadrám íd vā́so gā́thayaiti páriṣkr̥tam
Raibhi was her bridal companion, and Narashansi escorted her. Surya's dress was beautiful; she arrived at the place adorned by Gatha.
This stanza describes the bridal attendants and the adornment of the bride, Surya. Raibhi and Narashansi are mentioned as her companions. Surya's attire is beautiful, and she arrives at a place adorned by Gatha, implying a ritualistic and celebratory context for her wedding.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. रैभी आसीत् अनुदेयी raíbhī āsīt anudéyī (8 syllables)
- B. नाराशंसी न्योचनी nārāśaṃsī́ nyócanī (8 syllables)
- C. सूर्यायाः भद्रम् इत् वासः sūryā́yāḥ bhadrám ít vā́saḥ (8 syllables)
- D. गाथया एति परिकृतम् gā́thayā eti páriṣkr̥tam (8 syllables)
रैभी (raíbhī)
Raibhi (a female attendant)
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
अनुदेयी (anudéyī)
giving dowry (or closely attending)
नाराशंसी (nārāśaṃsī́)
Narashansi (a singer of praise, attendant)
न्योचनी (nyócanī)
leading
सूर्यायाः (sūryā́yāḥ)
of Surya
भद्रम् (bhadrám)
auspicious, beautiful
इत् (ít)
indeed
वासः (vā́saḥ)
garment
गाथया (gā́thayā)
by Gatha (a type of hymn or verse)
एति (eti)
she comes
परिकृतम् (páriṣkr̥tam)
adorned, decorated
Stanza 10.85.7
चित्ति॑रा उप॒बर्ह॑णं॒ चक्षु॑रा अ॒भ्यञ्ज॑नम् | द्यौर्भूमिः॒ कोश॑ आसी॒द्यदया॑त्सू॒र्या पति॑म् ||
cíttir ā upabárhaṇaṁ cákṣur ā abhyáñjanam dyaúr bhū́miḥ kóśa āsīd yád áyāt sūryā́ pátim
Thought was her pillow, sight her anointing unguent. Heaven and earth were her treasury, when Surya went to her husband.
This stanza uses metaphors to describe Surya's preparation for her union with her lord. Her thoughts served as a pillow, her sight as an anointing unguent, and the earth and sky formed her treasury. This paints a picture of divine adornment and cosmic significance associated with her journey.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. चित्तिः आः उपबर्हणम् cíttiḥ āḥ upabárhaṇam (8 syllables)
- B. चक्षुः आः अभ्यञ्जनम् cákṣuḥ āḥ abhyáñjanam (8 syllables)
- C. द्यौः भूमिः कोशः आसीत् dyaúḥ bhū́miḥ kóśaḥ āsīt (8 syllables)
- D. यत् अयात् सूर्या पतिम् yát áyāt sūryā́ pátim (8 syllables)
चित्तिः (cíttiḥ)
thought, consciousness
आः (āḥ)
was
उपबर्हणम् (upabárhaṇam)
pillow, cushion
चक्षुः (cákṣuḥ)
eye, sight
आः (āḥ)
was
अभ्यञ्जनम् (abhyáñjanam)
anointing unguent
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
heaven, sky
भूमिः (bhū́miḥ)
earth
कोशः (kóśaḥ)
treasury, container
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
यत् (yát)
when
अयात् (áyāt)
she went
सूर्या (sūryā́)
Surya (the bride)
पतिम् (pátim)
husband
Stanza 10.85.8
स्तोमा॑ आसन्प्रति॒धयः॑ कु॒रीरं॒ छन्द॑ ओप॒शः | सू॒र्याया॑ अ॒श्विना॑ व॒राग्निरा॑सीत्पुरोग॒वः ||
stómā āsan pratidháyaḥ kurī́raṁ chánda opaśáḥ sūryā́yā aśvínā varā́gnír āsīt purogaváḥ
Hymns were the crossbars, the Kurira meter adorned the chariot. The Ashvin twins were the groomsmen, Agni led the procession.
This verse continues the metaphorical description of Surya's bridal procession. Hymns formed the structure of the chariot's pole, the Kurira meter adorned it, and the Ashvin twins acted as groomsmen. Agni led the procession, symbolizing the sacred and divine nature of the union.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. स्तोमाः आसन् प्रतिधयः stómāḥ āsan pratidháyaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. कुरीरम् छन्दः उपशः kurī́ram chándaḥ opaśáḥ (8 syllables)
- C. सूर्यायाः अश्विना वरा sūryā́yāḥ aśvínā varā́ (8 syllables)
- D. अग्निः आसीत् पुरोगवः agníḥ āsīt purogaváḥ (8 syllables)
स्तोमाः (stómāḥ)
hymns
आसन् (āsan)
were
प्रतिधयः (pratidháyaḥ)
cross-bars (of a pole)
कुरीरम् (kurī́ram)
Kurira (a type of meter, or part of a chariot)
छन्दः (chándaḥ)
meter, verse
उपशः (opaśáḥ)
adornment, decoration
सूर्यायाः (sūryā́yāḥ)
of Surya
अश्विना (aśvínā)
the Ashvin twins
वरा (varā́)
groomsmen
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
पुरोगवः (purogaváḥ)
leader, one who goes before
Stanza 10.85.9
सोमो॑ वधू॒युर॑भवद॒श्विना॑स्तामु॒भा व॒रा | सू॒र्यां यत्पत्ये॒ शंस॑न्तीं॒ मन॑सा सवि॒ताद॑दात् ||
sómo vadhūyúr abhavad aśvínāstām ubhā́ varā́ sūryā́ṁ yát pátye śáṁsantīm mánasā savitā́dadāt
Soma wooed the bride; the Ashvin twins were groomsmen. Savitar gave Surya, speaking well, to her husband.
This verse describes the sequence of events in Surya's marriage. Soma was the initial suitor, followed by the Ashvin twins acting as groomsmen. Savitar, the Sun-god, then gracefully gave his willing daughter Surya to her intended husband.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सोमः वधूयुः अभवत् sómaḥ vadhūyúḥ abhavat (8 syllables)
- B. अश्विना आस्ताम् उभा वरा aśvínā āstām ubhā́ varā́ (8 syllables)
- C. सूर्याम् यत् पत्ये शंसन्तीम् sūryā́m yát pátye śáṃsantīm (8 syllables)
- D. मनसा सविता अददात् mánasā savitā́ ádadāt (8 syllables)
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma
वधूयुः (vadhūyúḥ)
wooer of the bride
अभवत् (abhavat)
became
अश्विना (aśvínā)
the Ashvin twins
आस्ताम् (āstām)
were
उभा (ubhā́)
both
वरा (varā́)
groomsmen
सूर्याम् (sūryā́m)
Surya
यत् (yát)
when
पत्ये (pátye)
to the husband
शंसन्तीम् (śáṃsantīm)
speaking well, praising
मनसा (mánasā)
with willingness, with mind
सविता (savitā́)
Savitar (Sun god)
अददात् (ádadāt)
gave
Stanza 10.85.10
मनो॑ अस्या॒ अन॑ आसी॒द्द्यौरा॑सीदु॒त च्छ॒दिः | शु॒क्राव॑न॒ड्वाहा॑वास्तां॒ यदया॑त्सू॒र्या गृ॒हम् ||
máno asyā ána āsīd dyaúr āsīd utá chadíḥ śukrā́v anaḍvā́hāv āstāṁ yád áyāt sūryā́ gr̥hám
Her mind was the carriage, the sky was its cover. Two bright oxen pulled it when Surya approached her husband's home.
This verse continues the wedding imagery, describing Surya's bridal chariot. Her mind was the carriage, and the sky was its covering. Two bright oxen, symbolizing strength and vitality, pulled the chariot as Surya approached her husband's home.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. मनः अस्याः अनः आसीत् mánaḥ asyāḥ ánaḥ āsīt (8 syllables)
- B. द्यौः आसीत् उत च्छदिः dyaúḥ āsīt utá chadíḥ (8 syllables)
- C. शुक्राौ अनड्वाहौ आस्ताम् śukraú anaḍvā́hau āstām (8 syllables)
- D. यत् अयात् सूर्या गृहम् yát áyāt sūryā́ gr̥hám (8 syllables)
मनः (mánaḥ)
mind, spirit
अस्याः (asyāḥ)
her
अनः (ánaḥ)
carriage, chariot
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
sky
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
उत (utá)
and
च्छदिः (chadíḥ)
covering, roof
शुक्राौ (śukraú)
bright, shining (dual)
अनड्वाहौ (anaḍvā́hau)
oxen (dual)
आस्ताम् (āstām)
were
यत् (yát)
when
अयात् (áyāt)
she went
सूर्या (sūryā́)
Surya
गृहम् (gr̥hám)
home, house
Stanza 10.85.11
ऋ॒क्सा॒माभ्या॑म॒भिहि॑तौ॒ गावौ॑ ते साम॒नावि॑तः | श्रोत्रं॑ ते च॒क्रे आ॑स्तां दि॒वि पन्था॑श्चराचा॒रः ||
r̥ksāmā́bhyām abhíhitau gā́vau te sāmanā́v itaḥ śrótraṁ te cakré āstāṁ diví pánthāś carācāráḥ
Your two oxen were steady, covered by Rk and Sama hymns. Your two wheels were like ears in the sky. The path was ever-moving.
This stanza continues the description of Surya's chariot, equating its parts to sacred elements. The dual oxen pulling the chariot are connected to hymns (Rk and Sama Vedas), and the chariot's wheels are described as the 'ears' or sensory organs, placed in the sky. The path is described as dynamic and ever-moving.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. ऋक्सामाभ्याम् अभिहितौ r̥ksāmā́bhyām abhíhitau (8 syllables)
- B. गावौ ते सामनौ इतः gā́vau te sāmanaú itaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. श्रोत्रम् ते चक्रे आस्ताम् śrótram te cakré āstām (7 syllables)
- D. दिवि पन्थाः चराचरः diví pánthāḥ carācaráḥ (8 syllables)
ऋक्सामाभ्याम् (r̥ksāmā́bhyām)
by Rk and Sama hymns
अभिहितौ (abhíhitau)
covered, enveloped
गावौ (gā́vau)
two oxen
ते (te)
your
सामनौ (sāmanaú)
steady, tranquil (dual)
इतः (itaḥ)
went
श्रोत्रम् (śrótram)
ear (metaphorically, for perception)
ते (te)
your
चक्रे (cakré)
two wheels
आस्ताम् (āstām)
were
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
पन्थाः (pánthāḥ)
path
चराचरः (carācaráḥ)
moving and unmoving, ever-moving
Stanza 10.85.12
शुची॑ ते च॒क्रे या॒त्या व्या॒नो अक्ष॒ आह॑तः | अनो॑ मन॒स्मयं॑ सू॒र्यारो॑हत्प्रय॒ती पति॑म् ||
śúcī te cakré yātyā́ vyānó ákṣa ā́hataḥ áno manasmáyaṁ sūryā́rohat prayatī́ pátim
Your two wheels were clean as you moved. The axle was fastened by the wind. Surya mounted the mind-born chariot, proceeding to her husband.
This verse continues the description of Surya's chariot and its journey. Her wheels are described as clean and agile, the axle as fastened by the wind. Surya mounts this chariot, which is made of 'mind-stuff,' signifying its divine and ethereal nature, as she proceeds towards her husband.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. शुची ते चक्रे यात्याः śúcī te cakré yātyā́ḥ (8 syllables)
- B. व्यानः अक्षः आहतः vyānáḥ ákṣaḥ ā́hataḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अनः मनस्मयम् सूर्या ánaḥ manasmáyam sūryā́ (8 syllables)
- D. आ अरोहत् प्रयती पतिम् ā́ arohat prayatī́ pátim (8 syllables)
शुची (śúcī)
clean, pure (dual)
ते (te)
your
चक्रे (cakré)
two wheels
यात्याः (yātyā́ḥ)
of the one who goes/moves
व्यानः (vyānáḥ)
wind, air
अक्षः (ákṣaḥ)
axle
आहतः (ā́hataḥ)
fastened, fixed
अनः (ánaḥ)
carriage, chariot
मनस्मयम् (manasmáyam)
made of mind, mental
सूर्या (sūryā́)
Surya
आ (ā́)
up
अरोहत् (arohat)
she mounted
प्रयती (prayatī́)
proceeding, moving forward
पतिम् (pátim)
husband
Stanza 10.85.13
सू॒र्याया॑ वह॒तुः प्रागा॑त्सवि॒ता यम॒वासृ॑जत् | अ॒घासु॑ हन्यन्ते॒ गावोऽर्जु॑न्योः॒ पर्यु॑ह्यते ||
sūryā́yā vahatúḥ prā́gāt savitā́ yám avā́sr̥jat aghā́su hanyante gā́vó 'rjunyoḥ páry uhyate
The bridal procession of Surya started, which Savitar set in motion. In the month of Magha, cows are sacrificed; in the month of Arjuna, the bride is married.
This stanza marks the beginning of Surya's bridal procession. Savitar initiated the procession, setting it in motion. The verse also touches upon rituals associated with specific lunar periods (Magha and Arjuna), where oxen are sacrificed and the bride is wedded, indicating calendrical and ceremonial practices.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सूर्यायाः वहतुः प्र अगात् sūryā́yāḥ vahatúḥ prá agāt (8 syllables)
- B. सविता यं अवासृजत् savitā́ yám avā́sr̥jat (8 syllables)
- C. अघासु हन्यन्ते गावः aghā́su hanyante gā́vaḥ (8 syllables)
- D. अर्जुन्योः परि उह्यते árjunyoḥ pári uhyate (8 syllables)
सूर्यायाः (sūryā́yāḥ)
of Surya
वहतुः (vahatúḥ)
bridal procession, dowry
प्र (prá)
forth
अगात् (agāt)
went, proceeded
सविता (savitā́)
Savitar (Sun god)
यं (yám)
whom
अवासृजत् (avā́sr̥jat)
released, sent forth
अघासु (aghā́su)
in the month of Magha (a lunar month)
हन्यन्ते (hanyante)
are killed, sacrificed
गावः (gā́vaḥ)
cows
अर्जुन्योः (árjunyoḥ)
in the month of Arjuna (a lunar month)
परि (pári)
around
उह्यते (uhyate)
is carried, married
Stanza 10.85.14
यद॑श्विना पृ॒च्छमा॑ना॒वया॑तं त्रिच॒क्रेण॑ वह॒तुं सू॒र्यायाः॑ | विश्वे॑ दे॒वा अनु॒ तद्वा॑मजानन्पु॒त्रः पि॒तरा॑ववृणीत पू॒षा ||
yád aśvinā pr̥chámānāv áyātaṁ tricakréṇa vahatúṁ sūryā́yāḥ víśve devā́ ánu tád vām ajānan putráḥ pitárāv avr̥ṇīta pūṣā́
When you Ashvins approached with the three-wheeled chariot to woo Surya, all the gods understood. Pusan chose you as fathers.
This verse describes the arrival of the Ashvin twins during Surya's bridal journey. They approached as suitors, using a three-wheeled chariot. All the gods recognized and agreed with their proposal, and Pusan chose them as fathers, signifying their divine acceptance and role.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यत् अश्विना पृच्छमानौ अयाताम् yát aśvinā pr̥chámānau áyātam (11 syllables)
- B. त्रिचक्रेण वहतुम् सूर्यायाः tricakréṇa vahatúm sūryā́yāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. विश्वे देवाः अनु तत् वाम् अजानन् víśve devā́ḥ ánu tát vām ajānan (11 syllables)
- D. पुत्रः पितरौ अववृणीत पूषा putráḥ pitárau avr̥ṇīta pūṣā́ (11 syllables)
यत् (yát)
when
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvin twins
पृच्छमानौ (pr̥chámānau)
asking, wooing
अयाताम् (áyātam)
you came
त्रिचक्रेण (tricakréṇa)
with a three-wheeled
वहतुम् (vahatúm)
procession, dowry
सूर्यायाः (sūryā́yāḥ)
of Surya
विश्वे (víśve)
all
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
अनु (ánu)
according to, after
तत् (tát)
that
वाम् (vām)
to you (dual)
अजानन् (ajānan)
knew, understood
पुत्रः (putráḥ)
son
पितरौ (pitárau)
fathers (dual)
अववृणीत (avr̥ṇīta)
chose
पूषा (pūṣā́)
Pusan (a deity)
Stanza 10.85.15
यदया॑तं शुभस्पती वरे॒यं सू॒र्यामुप॑ | क्वैकं॑ च॒क्रं वा॑मासी॒त्क्व॑ दे॒ष्ट्राय॑ तस्थथुः ||
yád áyātaṁ śubhas patī vareyáṁ sūryā́m úpa kvaíkaṁ cakráṁ vām āsīt kvà deṣṭrā́ya tasthathuḥ
O Ashvins, when you came to woo Surya, where was one wheel of your chariot? Where did you stand when commanded by the father?
This verse questions the Ashvin twins about their bridal chariot during Surya's wooing. It asks where one of their chariot wheels was and where they stood when facing their father's command, implying a possible flaw or challenge in their arrival or intention.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. यत् अयाताम् शुभः पती yát áyātam śubhaḥ patī (8 syllables)
- B. वरेयम् सूर्याम् उप vareyám sūryā́m úpa (8 syllables)
- C. क्व एकम् चक्रम् वाम् आसीत् kvà ékam cakrám vām āsīt (8 syllables)
- D. क्व देष्ट्राय तस्थथुः kvà deṣṭrā́ya tasthathuḥ (8 syllables)
यत् (yát)
when
अयाताम् (áyātam)
you two came
शुभः (śubhaḥ)
of brightness, lustre
पती (patī)
O lords (dual)
वरेयम् (vareyám)
to woo, to choose
सूर्याम् (sūryā́m)
Surya
उप (úpa)
towards
क्व (kvà)
where
एकम् (ékam)
one
चक्रम् (cakrám)
wheel
वाम् (vām)
of you (dual)
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
क्व (kvà)
where
देष्ट्राय (deṣṭrā́ya)
for the father (or instructor)
तस्थथुः (tasthathuḥ)
you two stood
Stanza 10.85.16
द्वे ते॑ च॒क्रे सू॑र्ये ब्र॒ह्माण॑ ऋतु॒था वि॑दुः | अथैकं॑ च॒क्रं यद्गुहा॒ तद॑द्धा॒तय॒ इद्वि॑दुः ||
dvé te cakré sūrye brahmā́ṇa r̥tuthā́ viduḥ áthaíkaṁ cakráṁ yád gúhā tád addhātáya íd viduḥ
O Surya, the Brahmans know your two wheels according to the seasons. But the one wheel which is hidden, only they know who are truly learned.
This verse discusses Surya's chariot wheels, suggesting two are known, while one remains hidden. The Brahmans, aware of the seasonal cycles, know the two visible wheels. The hidden wheel is known only to the most knowledgeable, implying a deeper, esoteric understanding of Surya's cosmic significance.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. द्वे ते चक्रे सूर्ये dvé te cakré sūrye (8 syllables)
- B. ब्रह्माणः ऋतुथा विदुः brahmā́ṇaḥ r̥tuthā́ viduḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अथ एकम् चक्रम् यत् गुहा átha ékam cakrám yát gúhā (8 syllables)
- D. तत् अद्धाऽतयः इत् विदुः tát addhātáyaḥ ít viduḥ (8 syllables)
द्वे (dvé)
two
ते (te)
your
चक्रे (cakré)
two wheels
सूर्ये (sūrye)
O Surya
ब्रह्माणः (brahmā́ṇaḥ)
the Brahmans
ऋतुथा (r̥tuthā́)
according to the seasons
विदुः (viduḥ)
know
अथ (átha)
and
एकम् (ékam)
one
चक्रम् (cakrám)
wheel
यत् (yát)
which
गुहा (gúhā)
hidden, secret
तत् (tát)
that
अद्धाऽतयः (addhātáyaḥ)
learned ones, skilled ones
इत् (ít)
indeed
विदुः (viduḥ)
know
Stanza 10.85.17
सू॒र्यायै॑ दे॒वेभ्यो॑ मि॒त्राय॒ वरु॑णाय च | ये भू॒तस्य॒ प्रचे॑तस इ॒दं तेभ्यो॑ऽकरं॒ नमः॑ ||
sūryā́yai devébhyo mitrā́ya váruṇāya ca yé bhūtásya prácetasa idáṁ tébhyo 'karaṁ námaḥ
To Surya, to the gods, to Mitra and Varuna, who know what exists. I offer this reverence to them.
This is a dedicatory verse where the speaker offers reverence to Surya, the gods, Mitra, and Varuna. The speaker acknowledges that these deities understand the nature of existence and offers this prayer or adoration to them, seeking their blessings or favor.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सूर्यायै देवेभ्यः sūryā́yai devébhyaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. मित्राय वरुणाय च mitrā́ya váruṇāya ca (8 syllables)
- C. ये भूतस्य प्रचेतसः yé bhūtásya prácetasaḥ (8 syllables)
- D. इदम् तेभ्यः अकरम् नमः idám tébhyaḥ akaram námaḥ (8 syllables)
सूर्यायै (sūryā́yai)
to Surya
देवेभ्यः (devébhyaḥ)
to the gods
मित्राय (mitrā́ya)
to Mitra
वरुणाय (váruṇāya)
to Varuna
च (ca)
and
ये (yé)
who
भूतस्य (bhūtásya)
of what has become, of existence
प्रचेतसः (prácetasaḥ)
knowing, conscious
इदम् (idám)
this
तेभ्यः (tébhyaḥ)
to them
अकरम् (akaram)
I made, I offered
नमः (námaḥ)
salutation, homage
Stanza 10.85.18
पू॒र्वा॒प॒रं च॑रतो मा॒ययै॒तौ शिशू॒ क्रीळ॑न्तौ॒ परि॑ यातो अध्व॒रम् | विश्वा॑न्य॒न्यो भुव॑नाभि॒चष्ट॑ ऋ॒तूँर॒न्यो वि॒दध॑ज्जायते॒ पुनः॑ ||
pūrvāparáṁ carato māyáyaitaú śíśū krī́ḷantau pári yāto adhvarám víśvāny anyó bhúvanābhicáṣṭa r̥tū́m̐r anyó vidádhaj jāyate púnaḥ
These two move alternately by their power, like playing children around the sacrifice. One sees all worlds; the other orders seasons and is reborn.
This stanza describes two cosmic entities, possibly representing the Sun and Moon, or day and night. They move alternately, engaging in playful activity around the sacrifice. One observes all worlds, while the other orders the seasons and is reborn, signifying a cyclical cosmic process.
Meter:
- A. पूर्वापरम् चरतः मायया एतौ pūrvāparám carataḥ māyáyā etaú (11 syllables)
- B. शिशू क्रीळन्तौ परि यातः अध्वरम् śíśū krī́ḷantau pári yātaḥ adhvarám (12 syllables)
- C. विश्वानि अन्यः भुवना अभिचष्टे víśvāni anyáḥ bhúvanā abhicáṣṭe (11 syllables)
- D. ऋतून् अन्यः विदधत् जायते पुनः r̥tū́n anyáḥ vidádhat jāyate púnar (12 syllables)
पूर्वापरम् (pūrvāparám)
first and last, alternately
चरतः (carataḥ)
they move (dual)
मायया (māyáyā)
by their power, by their magic
एतौ (etaú)
these two
शिशू (śíśū)
children (dual)
क्रीळन्तौ (krī́ḷantau)
playing (dual)
परि (pári)
around
यातः (yātaḥ)
they go (dual)
अध्वरम् (adhvarám)
sacrifice
विश्वानि (víśvāni)
all
अन्यः (anyáḥ)
the other
भुवना (bhúvanā)
worlds
अभिचष्टे (abhicáṣṭe)
sees, beholds
ऋतून् (r̥tū́n)
seasons
अन्यः (anyáḥ)
the other
विदधत् (vidádhat)
ordering, establishing
जायते (jāyate)
is born
पुनः (púnar)
again
Stanza 10.85.19
नवो॑नवो भवति॒ जाय॑मा॒नोऽह्नां॑ के॒तुरु॒षसा॑मे॒त्यग्र॑म् | भा॒गं दे॒वेभ्यो॒ वि द॑धात्या॒यन्प्र च॒न्द्रमा॑स्तिरते दी॒र्घमायुः॑ ||
návo-navo bhavati jā́yamānó 'hnāṁ ketúr uṣásām ety ágram bhāgáṁ devébhyo ví dadhāty āyán prá candrámās tirate dīrghám ā́yuḥ
Being born, he becomes new daily; as the day's banner, he goes before the dawns. Coming, he distributes the gods' share; the moon prolongs life.
This verse celebrates the continuous renewal of a divine entity (likely the Sun or Time) that is born anew each day. It acts as a banner for the days, leading the dawns, and distributing offerings to the gods. The moon is personified as extending human life, highlighting the divine cycles of creation and sustenance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. नवो-नवाः भवति जायमानः návo-navaḥ bhavati jā́yamānaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अह्नाम् केतुः उषसाम् एति अग्रम् áhnām ketúḥ uṣásām eti ágram (11 syllables)
- C. भागम् देवेभ्यः वि दधाति आयन bhāgám devébhyaḥ ví dadhāti āyán (11 syllables)
- D. प्र चन्द्रमाः तिरते दीर्घम् आयुः prá candrámāḥ tirate dīrghám ā́yuḥ (11 syllables)
नवो-नवाः (návo-navaḥ)
new and new
भवति (bhavati)
becomes
जायमानः (jā́yamānaḥ)
being born
अह्नाम् (áhnām)
of the days
केतुः (ketúḥ)
banner, sign
उषसाम् (uṣásām)
of the dawns
एति (eti)
goes
अग्रम् (ágram)
the front, the beginning
भागम् (bhāgám)
portion, share
देवेभ्यः (devébhyaḥ)
to the gods
वि (ví)
apart, distribute
दधाति (dadhāti)
he places, distributes
आयन (āyán)
coming
प्र (prá)
forth
चन्द्रमाः (candrámāḥ)
the moon
तिरते (tirate)
stretches out, prolongs
दीर्घम् (dīrghám)
long
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
Stanza 10.85.20
सु॒किं॒शु॒कं श॑ल्म॒लिं वि॒श्वरू॑पं॒ हिर॑ण्यवर्णं सु॒वृतं॑ सुच॒क्रम् | आ रो॑ह सूर्ये अ॒मृत॑स्य लो॒कं स्यो॒नं पत्ये॑ वह॒तुं कृ॑णुष्व ||
sukiṁśukáṁ śalmalíṁ viśvárūpaṁ híraṇyavarṇaṁ suvŕ̥taṁ sucakrám ā́ roha sūrye amŕ̥tasya lokáṁ syonám pátye vahatúṁ kr̥ṇuṣva
Mount this chariot, all-shaped, golden, well-wheeled, made of scarlet and red wood. Surya, ascend to the world of immortality; make the chariot auspicious for your husband.
This verse is an instruction for Surya to mount a magnificent chariot, described with vibrant colors (scarlet, red) and excellent construction (well-formed, well-wheeled). This chariot is destined for the realm of immortality. She is urged to prepare this chariot for her husband, signifying the divine and auspicious nature of her journey.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सुकिंशुकम् शल्मलिम् विश्व rupam sukiṃśukám śalmalím viśvárūpam (11 syllables)
- B. हिरण्यवर्णम् सुवृतम् सुचक्रम् híraṇyavarṇam suvŕ̥tam sucakrám (11 syllables)
- C. आ रोह सूर्ये अमृतस्य लोकम् ā́ roha sūrye amŕ̥tasya lokám (11 syllables)
- D. स्योनम् पत्ये वहतुम् कृणुष्व syonám pátye vahatúm kr̥ṇuṣva (11 syllables)
सुकिंशुकम् (sukiṃśukám)
made of scarlet wood
शल्मलिम् (śalmalím)
made of Salmali wood
विश्व rupam (viśvárūpam)
all-formed, of all shapes
हिरण्यवर्णम् (híraṇyavarṇam)
golden-colored
सुवृतम् (suvŕ̥tam)
well-formed, well-built
सुचक्रम् (sucakrám)
well-wheeled
आ (ā́)
up
रोह (roha)
mount
सूर्ये (sūrye)
O Surya
अमृतस्य (amŕ̥tasya)
of immortality
लोकम् (lokám)
world, realm
स्योनम् (syonám)
auspicious, pleasant
पत्ये (pátye)
for the husband
वहतुम् (vahatúm)
procession, dowry
कृणुष्व (kr̥ṇuṣva)
make
Stanza 10.85.21
उदी॒र्ष्वातः॒ पति॑वती॒ ह्ये॒३॒॑षा वि॒श्वाव॑सुं॒ नम॑सा गी॒र्भिरी॑ळे | अ॒न्यामि॑च्छ पितृ॒षदं॒ व्य॑क्तां॒ स ते॑ भा॒गो ज॒नुषा॒ तस्य॑ विद्धि ||
úd īrṣvā́taḥ pátivatī hy èṣā́ viśvā́vasuṁ námasā gīrbhír īḷe anyā́m icha pitr̥ṣádaṁ vyàktāṁ sá te bhāgó janúṣā tásya viddhi
Rise from here, O Visvavasu; we worship you with reverence and hymns. Seek another suitable for your father's home; know that portion assigned to you by birth.
This verse seems to be spoken by Visvavasu, a celestial being, to Surya. He instructs her to rise and leave, as she now has a husband. He offers homage and praises her with hymns, then tells her to seek another companion suitable for her father's house, implying a separation and a new beginning.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उद् ईर्ष्व अतः पतिवती हि एषा út īrṣva átas pátivatī hí eṣā́ (11 syllables)
- B. विश्वावसुम् नमसा गीर्भिः ईळे viśvā́vasum námasā gīrbhíḥ īḷe (11 syllables)
- C. अन्याम् इछ पितृषदम् व्यक्ताम् anyā́m icha pitr̥ṣádam vyàktām (11 syllables)
- D. स ते भागः जनुषा तस्य विद्धि sá te bhāgáḥ janúṣā tásya viddhi (11 syllables)
उद् (út)
up
ईर्ष्व (īrṣva)
rise
अतः (átas)
from here
पतिवती (pátivatī)
having a husband
हि (hí)
indeed
एषा (eṣā́)
she
विश्वावसुम् (viśvā́vasum)
Visvavasu (a celestial being)
नमसा (námasā)
with reverence
गीर्भिः (gīrbhíḥ)
with hymns
ईळे (īḷe)
I worship, praise
अन्याम् (anyā́m)
another
इछ (icha)
seek
पितृषदम् (pitr̥ṣádam)
suitable for the father's home
व्यक्ताम् (vyàktām)
suitable, proper
स (sá)
that
ते (te)
your
भागः (bhāgáḥ)
portion, lot
जनुषा (janúṣā)
by birth
तस्य (tásya)
of that
विद्धि (viddhi)
know
Stanza 10.85.22
उदी॒र्ष्वातो॑ विश्वावसो॒ नम॑सेळा महे त्वा | अ॒न्यामि॑च्छ प्रफ॒र्व्यं१॒॑ सं जा॒यां पत्या॑ सृज ||
úd īrṣvā́to viśvāvaso námaseḷā mahe tvā anyā́m icha prapharvyàṁ sáṁ jāyā́m pátyā sr̥ja
Rise from here, O Visvavasu; we worship you with reverence and hymns. Seek another suitable mate; join the wife with her husband.
Visvavasu addresses Surya again, asking her to depart since she has found a husband. He states that he worships her with reverence and hymns, and urges her to find another companion suitable for her father's lineage, implying that her current journey is concluding.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. उद् ईर्ष्व अतः विश्वावसो út īrṣva átas viśvāvaso (8 syllables)
- B. नमसा ईळा महे त्वा námasā īḷāmahe tvā (8 syllables)
- C. अन्याम् इछ प्रफर्व्यम् anyā́m icha prapharvyàm (8 syllables)
- D. सम् जाय पत्या सृज sám jāyā́m pátyā sr̥ja (8 syllables)
उद् (út)
up
ईर्ष्व (īrṣva)
rise
अतः (átas)
from here
विश्वावसो (viśvāvaso)
O Visvavasu
नमसा (námasā)
with reverence
ईळा महे (īḷāmahe)
we worship
त्वा (tvā)
you
अन्याम् (anyā́m)
another
इछ (icha)
seek
प्रफर्व्यम् (prapharvyàm)
suitable, acceptable
सम् (sám)
together
जाय (jāyā́m)
wife
पत्या (pátyā)
with the husband
सृज (sr̥ja)
join
Stanza 10.85.23
अ॒नृ॒क्ष॒रा ऋ॒जवः॑ सन्तु॒ पन्था॒ येभिः॒ सखा॑यो॒ यन्ति॑ नो वरे॒यम् | सम॑र्य॒मा सं भगो॑ नो निनीया॒त्सं जा॑स्प॒त्यं सु॒यम॑मस्तु देवाः ||
anr̥kṣarā́ r̥jávaḥ santu pánthā yébhiḥ sákhāyo yánti no vareyám sám aryamā́ sám bhágo no ninīyāt sáṁ jāspatyáṁ suyámam astu devāḥ
May the paths be straight and free of obstacles for our companions. May Aryaman and Bhaga lead us. May the union of husband and wife be well-managed, O Gods.
This verse is a prayer for a smooth and prosperous journey for the bride and groom. It asks for straight and thornless paths, wishing that their companions travel well. The prayer invokes Aryaman and Bhaga for guidance and asks the gods to ensure a well-managed and harmonious union between the wife and husband.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अनृक्षराः ॠजवः सन्तु पन्थाः anr̥kṣarā́ḥ r̥jávaḥ santu pánthāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. येभिः सखायः यन्ति नः वरेयम् yébhiḥ sákhāyaḥ yánti naḥ vareyám (11 syllables)
- C. सम् अर्यमा सम् भगः नः निनीयात् sám aryamā́ sám bhágaḥ naḥ ninīyāt (11 syllables)
- D. सम् जास्पत्यम् सुयमम् अस्तु देवाः sám jāspatyám suyámam astu devāḥ (11 syllables)
अनृक्षराः (anr̥kṣarā́ḥ)
not full of obstacles, straight
ॠजवः (r̥jávaḥ)
straight, smooth
सन्तु (santu)
may they be
पन्थाः (pánthāḥ)
paths
येभिः (yébhiḥ)
by which
सखायः (sákhāyaḥ)
companions, friends
यन्ति (yánti)
they go
नः (naḥ)
us
वरेयम् (vareyám)
for wooing, for choosing
सम् (sám)
together
अर्यमा (aryamā́)
Aryaman (a deity of unions)
सम् (sám)
together
भगः (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (a deity of fortune)
नः (naḥ)
us
निनीयात् (ninīyāt)
may lead
सम् (sám)
together
जास्पत्यम् (jāspatyám)
union of wife and husband
सुयमम् (suyámam)
well-managed, harmonious
अस्तु (astu)
may it be
देवाः (devāḥ)
O gods
Stanza 10.85.24
प्र त्वा॑ मुञ्चामि॒ वरु॑णस्य॒ पाशा॒द्येन॒ त्वाब॑ध्नात्सवि॒ता सु॒शेवः॑ | ऋ॒तस्य॒ योनौ॑ सुकृ॒तस्य॑ लो॒केऽरि॑ष्टां त्वा स॒ह पत्या॑ दधामि ||
prá tvā muñcāmi váruṇasya pā́śād yéna tvā́badhnāt savitā́ suśévaḥ r̥tásya yónau sukr̥tásya loké 'riṣṭāṁ tvā sahá pátyā dadhāmi
I release you from the noose of Varuna, by which the blessed Savitar bound you. I place you, unharmed, with your husband in the seat of Order and the realm of good deeds.
This verse marks the formal release of the bride from certain bonds, specifically the 'noose' of Varuna, facilitated by Savitar, who is described as 'most blessed.' The speaker then places the bride, unharmed, into the seat of cosmic order (Rta) and the realm of good deeds, alongside her husband, signifying her transition into her new role.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र त्वा मुञ्चामि वरुणस्य पाशात् prá tvā muñcāmi váruṇasya pā́śāt (11 syllables)
- B. येन त्वा अबाध्नत् सविता सुशेवः yéna tvā ábadhnāt savitā́ suśévaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. ऋतस्य योनौ सुकृतस्य लोके r̥tásya yónau sukr̥tásya loké (11 syllables)
- D. अरिष्टाम् त्वा सह पत्या दधामि áriṣṭām tvā sahá pátyā dadhāmi (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
त्वा (tvā)
you
मुञ्चामि (muñcāmi)
I release
वरुणस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuna
पाशात् (pā́śāt)
from the noose, from the snare
येन (yéna)
by which
त्वा (tvā)
you
अबाध्नत् (ábadhnāt)
bound
सविता (savitā́)
Savitar (Sun god)
सुशेवः (suśévaḥ)
most blessed, very auspicious
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order
योनौ (yónau)
in the seat, in the place
सुकृतस्य (sukr̥tásya)
of good deeds, virtuous action
लोके (loké)
in the world, in the realm
अरिष्टाम् (áriṣṭām)
uninjured, unharmed
त्वा (tvā)
you
सह (sahá)
with
पत्या (pátyā)
with the husband
दधामि (dadhāmi)
I place
Stanza 10.85.25
प्रेतो मु॒ञ्चामि॒ नामुतः॑ सुब॒द्धाम॒मुत॑स्करम् | यथे॒यमि॑न्द्र मीढ्वः सुपु॒त्रा सु॒भगास॑ति ||
prétó muñcā́mi nā́mútaḥ subaddhā́m amútas karam yátheyám indra mīḍhvaḥ suputrā́ subhágā́sati
I release you from here, not from there. I make you softly bound. May you, O Indra, live with good fortune and many children.
This verse continues the ritual of release and transition. The speaker declares they are setting the bride free from certain attachments, making her 'softly fettered' in a new way. The prayer invokes Indra, asking that she may live with good fortune and many children, signifying a blessing for her new life.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. प्र इतः मुञ्चामि न अमुतः prá itás muñcā́mi ná amútas (8 syllables)
- B. सुबद्धा अमुतः करम् subaddhā́m amútas karam (8 syllables)
- C. यथा इयम् इन्द्र मीढ्वः yáthā iyám indra mīḍhvaḥ (8 syllables)
- D. सुपुत्रा सुभगा असति suputrā́ subhágā ásati (8 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
इतः (itás)
from here
मुञ्चामि (muñcā́mi)
I release
न (ná)
not
अमुतः (amútas)
from there
सुबद्धा (subaddhā́m)
well-bound, gently bound
अमुतः (amútas)
from there
करम् (karam)
I make
यथा (yáthā)
so that
इयम् (iyám)
she
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
मीढ्वः (mīḍhvaḥ)
bountiful, generous
सुपुत्रा (suputrā́)
with good children
सुभगा (subhágā)
fortunate, prosperous
असति (ásati)
may she be
Stanza 10.85.26
पू॒षा त्वे॒तो न॑यतु हस्त॒गृह्या॒श्विना॑ त्वा॒ प्र व॑हतां॒ रथे॑न | गृ॒हान्ग॑च्छ गृ॒हप॑त्नी॒ यथासो॑ व॒शिनी॒ त्वं वि॒दथ॒मा व॑दासि ||
pūṣā́ tvetó nayatu hastagŕ̥hyāśvínā tvā prá vahatāṁ ráthena gr̥hā́n gacha gr̥hápatnī yáthā́so vaśínī tváṁ vidátham ā́ vadāsi
Let Pusan lead you by the hand; let the Ashvins carry you in their chariot. Go to the house, be its mistress, and speak authoritatively to the assembly.
This verse is a blessing and instruction for the bride as she enters her new home. Pusan guides her, and the Ashvin twins escort her by chariot. She is told to become the mistress of the house, speak with authority, and engage with her assembled family, marking her acceptance into the household.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. पूषा त्वा इतः नयतु हस्तगृह्य pūṣā́ tvā itás nayatu hastagŕ̥hya (11 syllables)
- B. अश्विना त्वा प्र वहताम् रथेन aśvínā tvā prá vahatām ráthena (11 syllables)
- C. गृहन् गच्छ गृहपत्नी यथा आसः gr̥hā́n gacha gr̥hápatnī yáthā ásaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वशिनी त्वम् विदथम् आ वदासि vaśínī tvám vidátham ā́ vadāsi (11 syllables)
पूषा (pūṣā́)
Pusan (a deity)
त्वा (tvā)
you
इतः (itás)
from here
नयतु (nayatu)
may lead
हस्तगृह्य (hastagŕ̥hya)
having taken the hand
अश्विना (aśvínā)
the Ashvin twins
त्वा (tvā)
you
प्र (prá)
forth
वहताम् (vahatām)
may carry (dual)
रथेन (ráthena)
in a chariot
गृहन् (gr̥hā́n)
houses
गच्छ (gacha)
go
गृहपत्नी (gr̥hápatnī)
mistress of the house
यथा (yáthā)
so that
आसः (ásaḥ)
you may be
वशिनी (vaśínī)
ruling, powerful
त्वम् (tvám)
you
विदथम् (vidátham)
assembly, gathering
आ (ā́)
completely
वदासि (vadāsi)
you speak
Stanza 10.85.27
इ॒ह प्रि॒यं प्र॒जया॑ ते॒ समृ॑ध्यताम॒स्मिन्गृ॒हे गार्ह॑पत्याय जागृहि | ए॒ना पत्या॑ त॒न्वं१॒॑ सं सृ॑ज॒स्वाधा॒ जिव्री॑ वि॒दथ॒मा व॑दाथः ||
ihá priyám prajáyā te sám r̥dhyatām asmín gr̥hé gā́rhapatyāya jāgr̥hi enā́ pátyā tanvàṁ sáṁ sr̥jasvā́dhā jívrī vidátham ā́ vadāthaḥ
May good fortune prosper with your children here. Be watchful for household duties in this home. Unite your body and mind with your husband. May you speak wisely together until old age.
This verse offers blessings for the bride in her new home, wishing her prosperity with children and vigilance in household duties. It emphasizes the union of body and soul with her husband and prays that they may speak together wisely in their assembly until old age, signifying a long and harmonious married life.
Meter:
- A. इह प्रियम् प्रजया ते सम् ऋध्यताम् ihá priyám prajáyā te sám r̥dhyatām (12 syllables)
- B. अस्मिन् गृहे गार्हपत्याय जागृहि asmín gr̥hé gā́rhapatyāya jāgr̥hi (12 syllables)
- C. एना पत्या तन्वम् सम् सृजस्व enā́ pátyā tanvàm sám sr̥jasva (11 syllables)
- D. जीव्री विदथम् आ वदथः ádha + jívrī vidátham ā́ vadāthaḥ (11 syllables)
इह (ihá)
here
प्रियम् (priyám)
dear, beloved, fortunate
प्रजया (prajáyā)
with children
ते (te)
for you
सम् (sám)
together
ऋध्यताम् (r̥dhyatām)
may prosper (dual)
अस्मिन् (asmín)
in this
गृहे (gr̥hé)
in the home
गार्हपत्याय (gā́rhapatyāya)
for household management
जागृहि (jāgr̥hi)
be watchful
एना (enā́)
this
पत्या (pátyā)
with the husband
तन्वम् (tanvàm)
body
सम् (sám)
together
सृजस्व (sr̥jasva)
unite
(ádha +)
जीव्री (jívrī)
long-living (dual)
विदथम् (vidátham)
assembly, company
आ (ā́)
completely
वदथः (vadāthaḥ)
you two speak
Stanza 10.85.28
नी॒ल॒लो॒हि॒तं भ॑वति कृ॒त्यास॒क्तिर्व्य॑ज्यते | एध॑न्ते अस्या ज्ञा॒तयः॒ पति॑र्ब॒न्धेषु॑ बध्यते ||
nīlalohitám bhavati kr̥tyā́saktír vy àjyate édhante asyā jñātáyaḥ pátir bandhéṣu badhyate
Her complexion becomes blue and red; the clinging evil influence is driven away. Her relatives prosper; the husband is bound in ties.
This verse describes the bride's appearance and the consequences of certain negative influences. Her complexion is blue and red, and a clinging evil influence (kritya) is driven away. Her relatives thrive, while the husband is bound, possibly symbolizing the bride's integration and the dispelling of ill omens.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. नीललोहितम् भवति nīlalohitám bhavati (8 syllables)
- B. कृत्या आशक्तिः वि अज्यते kr̥tyā́ āsaktíḥ ví ajyate (8 syllables)
- C. एधन्ते अस्याः ज्ञातायः édhante asyāḥ jñātáyaḥ (8 syllables)
- D. पतिः बन्धेषु बध्यते pátiḥ bandhéṣu badhyate (8 syllables)
नीललोहितम् (nīlalohitám)
blue-red
भवति (bhavati)
becomes
कृत्या (kr̥tyā́)
evil magic, sorcery
आशक्तिः (āsaktíḥ)
clinging, attachment
वि (ví)
away
अज्यते (ajyate)
is driven away, is smeared
एधन्ते (édhante)
thrive, prosper
अस्याः (asyāḥ)
her
ज्ञातायः (jñātáyaḥ)
relatives, kin
पतिः (pátiḥ)
husband
बन्धेषु (bandhéṣu)
in bonds, in ties
बध्यते (badhyate)
is bound
Stanza 10.85.29
परा॑ देहि शामु॒ल्यं॑ ब्र॒ह्मभ्यो॒ वि भ॑जा॒ वसु॑ | कृ॒त्यैषा प॒द्वती॑ भू॒त्व्या जा॒या वि॑शते॒ पति॑म् ||
párā dehi śāmulyàm brahmábhyo ví bhajā vásu kr̥tyaíṣā́ padvátī bhūtvy ā́ jāyā́ viśate pátim
Give away the woolen garment; distribute wealth to the Brahmins. This female evil, having gained a footing, enters the husband's home as a wife.
This verse instructs the bride to give away a specific woolen garment and distribute wealth to the Brahmins. It describes a 'female fiend' (kritya) that has gained a foothold and is now entering the husband's home as a wife, suggesting a ritual to ward off negative influences and establish auspiciousness.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. परा देहि शामुल् párā dehi śāmulyàm (8 syllables)
- B. ब्रह्मभ्यः वि वसु brahmábhyaḥ ví bhaja + vásu (8 syllables)
- C. कृत्या एषा पद्वती भूत्वा kr̥tyā́ eṣā́ padvátī bhūtvī́ (8 syllables)
- D. आ जया विशते पतिम् ā́ jāyā́ viśate pátim (8 syllables)
परा (párā)
away
देहि (dehi)
give
शामुल् (śāmulyàm)
woolen garment
ब्रह्मभ्यः (brahmábhyaḥ)
to the Brahmins
वि (ví)
distribute
(bhaja +)
वसु (vásu)
wealth, treasure
कृत्या (kr̥tyā́)
female evil, sorceress
एषा (eṣā́)
this
पद्वती (padvátī)
having gained a footing, established
भूत्वा (bhūtvī́)
having become
आ (ā́)
into
जया (jāyā́)
wife
विशते (viśate)
enters
पतिम् (pátim)
husband
Stanza 10.85.30
अ॒श्री॒रा त॒नूर्भ॑वति॒ रुश॑ती पा॒पया॑मु॒या | पति॒र्यद्व॒ध्वो॒३॒॑ वास॑सा॒ स्वमङ्ग॑मभि॒धित्स॑ते ||
aśrīrā́ tanū́r bhavati rúśatī pāpáyāmuyā́ pátir yád vadhvò vā́sasā svám áṅgam abhidhítsate
Her body becomes unlovely and shines with evil when the husband wraps himself in the wife's garment.
This verse describes an unfavorable state when the husband's body appears unlovely and 'glistens' with a wicked influence, especially when he wears his wife's garment. This suggests a ritualistic or symbolic act of purification or separation from negative energies associated with the union.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. अश्रीरा तनुः भवति aśrīrā́ tanū́ḥ bhavati (8 syllables)
- B. रुशती पापया अमुया rúśatī pāpáyā amuyā́ (8 syllables)
- C. पतिः यत् वध्वः वाससा pátiḥ yát vadhvàḥ vā́sasā (8 syllables)
- D. स्वम् अङ्गम् अभिधित्सते svám áṅgam abhidhítsate (8 syllables)
अश्रीरा (aśrīrā́)
unlovely, lacking beauty
तनुः (tanū́ḥ)
body
भवति (bhavati)
becomes
रुशती (rúśatī)
shining, glistening
पापया (pāpáyā)
with evil, wicked
अमुया (amuyā́)
with that
पतिः (pátiḥ)
husband
यत् (yát)
when
वध्वः (vadhvàḥ)
of the bride
वाससा (vā́sasā)
with the garment
स्वम् (svám)
his own
अङ्गम् (áṅgam)
limb, body
अभिधित्सते (abhidhítsate)
desires to cover, wrap around
Stanza 10.85.31
ये व॒ध्व॑श्च॒न्द्रं व॑ह॒तुं यक्ष्मा॒ यन्ति॒ जना॒दनु॑ | पुन॒स्तान्य॒ज्ञिया॑ दे॒वा नय॑न्तु॒ यत॒ आग॑ताः ||
yé vadhvàś candráṁ vahatúṁ yákṣmā yánti jánād ánu púnas tā́n yajñíyā devā́ náyantu yáta ā́gatāḥ
May the gods drive back the ailments that come from the people, following the bride's auspicious procession. May they return to where they came from.
This verse addresses ailments that might arise from the bride's side during the wedding procession. It prays that the gods will drive these afflictions back to their origin, thus protecting the couple and ensuring a healthy start to their married life. This highlights the concern for well-being and the warding off of negative influences.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. ये वध्वः चन्द्रम् वहतुम् yé vadhvàḥ candrám vahatúm (8 syllables)
- B. यक्ष्माः यन्ति जनात् अनु yákṣmāḥ yánti jánāt ánu (8 syllables)
- C. पुनः तान् यज्ञियाः देवाः púnar tā́n yajñíyāḥ devā́ḥ (8 syllables)
- D. नयन्तु यतः आगताः náyantu yátas ā́gatāḥ (8 syllables)
ये (yé)
which
वध्वः (vadhvàḥ)
of the bride
चन्द्रम् (candrám)
bright, auspicious
वहतुम् (vahatúm)
procession, train
यक्ष्माः (yákṣmāḥ)
ailments, diseases
यन्ति (yánti)
they come
जनात् (jánāt)
from the people
अनु (ánu)
following
पुनः (púnar)
again
तान् (tā́n)
them
यज्ञियाः (yajñíyāḥ)
holy, worthy of worship
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
नयन्तु (náyantu)
may lead away, may drive
यतः (yátas)
from where
आगताः (ā́gatāḥ)
they came
Stanza 10.85.32
मा वि॑दन्परिप॒न्थिनो॒ य आ॒सीद॑न्ति॒ दम्प॑ती | सु॒गेभि॑र्दु॒र्गमती॑ता॒मप॑ द्रा॒न्त्वरा॑तयः ||
mā́ vidan paripanthíno yá āsī́danti dámpatī sugébhir durgám átītām ápa drāntv árātayaḥ
May those who lie in wait not find the bridal pair. May they escape danger through easy paths. May adversaries depart.
This verse is a prayer for safety on the wedding journey. It asks that highway robbers or enemies who lie in wait do not find the couple. It wishes for them to escape peril through easy paths and for all adversaries to disperse, ensuring a secure and peaceful transition into married life.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. मा विदन परिपन्थिनः mā́ vidan paripanthínaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. ये आसीदन्ति दम्पती yé āsī́danti dámpatī (8 syllables)
- C. सुगेभिः दुर्गम् अति इताम् sugébhiḥ durgám áti itām (8 syllables)
- D. अप द्रान्तु अरातयः ápa drāntu árātayaḥ (8 syllables)
मा (mā́)
not
विदन (vidan)
may they find
परिपन्थिनः (paripanthínaḥ)
highway robbers, bandits
ये (yé)
who
आसीदन्ति (āsī́danti)
they lie in wait, they sit
दम्पती (dámpatī)
the couple (husband and wife)
सुगेभिः (sugébhiḥ)
by easy ways
दुर्गम् (durgám)
danger, difficulty
अति (áti)
beyond
इताम् (itām)
may they pass
अप (ápa)
away
द्रान्तु (drāntu)
may they flee
अरातयः (árātayaḥ)
enemies, adversaries
Stanza 10.85.33
सु॒म॒ङ्ग॒लीरि॒यं व॒धूरि॒मां स॒मेत॒ पश्य॑त | सौभा॑ग्यमस्यै द॒त्त्वायाथास्तं॒ वि परे॑तन ||
sumaṅgalī́r iyáṁ vadhū́r imā́ṁ saméta páśyata saúbhāgyam asyai dattvā́yā́thā́staṁ ví páretana
This bride is auspicious; come, everyone, and look at her. Wishing her prosperity, return to your homes.
This verse is a welcoming address to the bride. She is described as bearing auspicious signs. Everyone is invited to look at her and wish her prosperity. After bestowing these good wishes, they are to return to their own homes, signifying the formal acceptance and integration of the bride into the new family.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सुमङ्गलीः इयम् वधूः sumaṅgalī́ḥ iyám vadhū́ḥ (8 syllables)
- B. इमाम् समेत पश्यत imā́m saméta páśyata (8 syllables)
- C. सौभाग्यम् अस्यै दत्त्वा saúbhāgyam asyai dattvā́ya (8 syllables)
- D. अथ अस्तम् वि परा इतन átha ástam ví párā itana (8 syllables)
सुमङ्गलीः (sumaṅgalī́ḥ)
very auspicious
इयम् (iyám)
this
वधूः (vadhū́ḥ)
bride
इमाम् (imā́m)
her
समेत (saméta)
come together
पश्यत (páśyata)
look
सौभाग्यम् (saúbhāgyam)
good fortune, prosperity
अस्यै (asyai)
to her
दत्त्वा (dattvā́ya)
having given
अथ (átha)
then
अस्तम् (ástam)
to home
वि (ví)
away
परा (párā)
away
इतन (itana)
go (imperative plural)
Stanza 10.85.34
तृ॒ष्टमे॒तत्कटु॑कमे॒तद॑पा॒ष्ठव॑द्वि॒षव॒न्नैतदत्त॑वे | सू॒र्यां यो ब्र॒ह्मा वि॒द्यात्स इद्वाधू॑यमर्हति ||
tr̥ṣṭám etát káṭukam etád apāṣṭhávad viṣávan naítád áttave sūryā́ṁ yó brahmā́ vidyā́t sá íd vā́dhūyam arhati
This is sharp, this is bitter, like poison; it is not fit to be eaten. The Brahman who knows Surya truly deserves the bride's garment.
This verse describes something as sharp, bitter, and poisonous, like an arrow-tip, making it unfit for consumption. It then states that only a Brahman who truly understands Surya (perhaps symbolizing divine knowledge or purity) is worthy of the bride's garment, implying a connection between spiritual purity and eligibility.
Meter:
- A. तृष्टम् एतत् कटुकम् एतत् tr̥ṣṭám etát káṭukam etát (9 syllables)
- B. अपाष्ठवत् विषवत् न एतत् अत्तवे apāṣṭávat viṣávat ná etát áttave (12 syllables)
- C. सूर्याम् यः ब्रह्मा विद्यात् sūryā́m yáḥ brahmā́ vidyā́t (8 syllables)
- D. सः इत् वाधूयम् अर्हति sáḥ ít vā́dhūyam arhati (8 syllables)
तृष्टम् (tr̥ṣṭám)
sharp, pungent
एतत् (etát)
this
कटुकम् (káṭukam)
bitter
एतत् (etát)
this
अपाष्ठवत् (apāṣṭávat)
like an arrow-tip
विषवत् (viṣávat)
like poison
न (ná)
not
एतत् (etát)
this
अत्तवे (áttave)
to eat
सूर्याम् (sūryā́m)
Surya
यः (yáḥ)
who
ब्रह्मा (brahmā́)
Brahman (wise person)
विद्यात् (vidyā́t)
may know
सः (sáḥ)
he
इत् (ít)
indeed
वाधूयम् (vā́dhūyam)
bride's garment
अर्हति (arhati)
deserves
Stanza 10.85.35
आ॒शस॑नं वि॒शस॑न॒मथो॑ अधिवि॒कर्त॑नम् | सू॒र्यायाः॑ पश्य रू॒पाणि॒ तानि॑ ब्र॒ह्मा तु शु॑न्धति ||
āśásanaṁ viśásanam átho adhivikártanam sūryā́yāḥ paśya rūpā́ṇi tā́ni brahmā́ tú śundhati
Behold the adornments of Surya: the fringe, the head covering, the patterned robe. The Brahman purifies these.
This verse describes the various adornments of the bride, Surya, including fringes, head coverings, and robes. It directs the speaker (or a priest) to observe these beautiful appearances and states that the Brahman purifies them, signifying the ritualistic cleansing and sanctification of the bride's attire.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. आशसनम् विशेषणम् āśásanam viśásanam (8 syllables)
- B. अथ उ अधिविकर्तनम् átha u adhivikártanam (8 syllables)
- C. सूर्यायाः पश्य रूपाणि sūryā́yāḥ paśya rūpā́ṇi (8 syllables)
- D. तानि ब्रह्मा तु शुन्धति tā́ni brahmā́ tú śundhati (8 syllables)
आशसनम् (āśásanam)
fringe, adornment
विशेषणम् (viśásanam)
head covering, adornment
अथ (átha)
and
उ (u)
and
अधिविकर्तनम् (adhivikártanam)
triply parted robe
सूर्यायाः (sūryā́yāḥ)
of Surya
पश्य (paśya)
behold, see
रूपाणि (rūpā́ṇi)
forms, appearances
तानि (tā́ni)
those
ब्रह्मा (brahmā́)
the Brahman (priest)
तु (tú)
but
शुन्धति (śundhati)
purifies
Stanza 10.85.36
गृ॒भ्णामि॑ ते सौभग॒त्वाय॒ हस्तं॒ मया॒ पत्या॑ ज॒रद॑ष्टि॒र्यथासः॑ | भगो॑ अर्य॒मा स॑वि॒ता पुरं॑धि॒र्मह्यं॑ त्वादु॒र्गार्ह॑पत्याय दे॒वाः ||
gr̥bhṇā́mi te saubhagatvā́ya hástam máyā pátyā jarádaṣṭir yáthā́saḥ bhágo aryamā́ savitā́ púraṁdhir máhyaṁ tvādur gā́rhapatyāya devā́ḥ
I take your hand for good fortune, that you may reach old age with me as your husband. May Bhaga, Aryaman, Savitar, Purandhi, and the gods give you to me for household leadership.
This verse is a solemn vow taken by the groom as he accepts the bride's hand. He pledges to ensure her well-being and happiness, promising to stay with her until old age. He invokes deities like Bhaga, Aryaman, Savitar, and Purandhi, asking them to bless their union and establish her as the mistress of his household.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. गृभ्णामि ते सौभगत्वाय हस्तम् gr̥bhṇā́mi te saubhagatvā́ya hástam (11 syllables)
- B. मया पत्या जरदष्टिः यथा आसः máyā pátyā jarádaṣṭiḥ yáthā ásaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. भगः अर्यमा सविता पुरंन्धिः bhágaḥ aryamā́ savitā́ púraṃdhiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. मह्यम् त्वां अदुः गार्हपत्याय देवाः máhyam tvā aduḥ gā́rhapatyāya devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
गृभ्णामि (gr̥bhṇā́mi)
I grasp
ते (te)
your
सौभगत्वाय (saubhagatvā́ya)
for good fortune
हस्तम् (hástam)
hand
मया (máyā)
with me
पत्या (pátyā)
with the husband
जरदष्टिः (jarádaṣṭiḥ)
reaching old age
यथा (yáthā)
so that
आसः (ásaḥ)
you may be
भगः (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (deity of fortune)
अर्यमा (aryamā́)
Aryaman (deity of unions)
सविता (savitā́)
Savitar (Sun god)
पुरंन्धिः (púraṃdhiḥ)
Purandhi (a goddess)
मह्यम् (máhyam)
to me
त्वां (tvā)
you
अदुः (aduḥ)
gave
गार्हपत्याय (gā́rhapatyāya)
for household leadership
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
Stanza 10.85.37
तां पू॑षञ्छि॒वत॑मा॒मेर॑यस्व॒ यस्यां॒ बीजं॑ मनु॒ष्या॒३॒॑ वप॑न्ति | या न॑ ऊ॒रू उ॑श॒ती वि॒श्रया॑ते॒ यस्या॑मु॒शन्तः॑ प्र॒हरा॑म॒ शेप॑म् ||
tā́m pūṣañ chivátamām érayasva yásyām bī́jam manuṣyāā̀ vápanti yā́ na ūrū́ uśatī́ viśráyāte yásyām uśántaḥ prahárāma śépam
O Pusan, send her forth, the most auspicious, who will share our lives. She will embrace our laps and welcome us.
This verse is a prayer to Pusan to guide the bride, described as highly auspicious and destined to share the husband's life. It speaks of her lovingly embracing him and welcoming his affection, symbolizing a deep connection and mutual desire within the marriage.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ताम् पूषन् शिवतममाम् आ ईरयस्व tā́m pūṣan śivátamām ā́ īrayasva (11 syllables)
- B. यस्याम् बीजम् मनुष्याः वपन्ति yásyām bī́jam manuṣyā̀ḥ vápanti (11 syllables)
- C. या नः ऊरू उशती विश्श्रयाते yā́ naḥ ūrū́ uśatī́ viśráyāte (11 syllables)
- D. यस्याम् उशन्तः प्रहराम शेपम् yásyām uśántaḥ prahárāma śépam (11 syllables)
ताम् (tā́m)
her
पूषन् (pūṣan)
O Pusan
शिवतममाम् (śivátamām)
most auspicious
आ (ā́)
forth
ईरयस्व (īrayasva)
send, urge
यस्याम् (yásyām)
in whom
बीजम् (bī́jam)
seed (metaphor for offspring)
मनुष्याः (manuṣyā̀ḥ)
people, humans
वपन्ति (vápanti)
they sow
या (yā́)
who
नः (naḥ)
us
ऊरू (ūrū́)
laps, thighs
उशती (uśatī́)
desiring, willing
विश्श्रयाते (viśráyāte)
lies down, rests upon
यस्याम् (yásyām)
in whom
उशन्तः (uśántaḥ)
desiring, willing
प्रहराम (prahárāma)
let us embrace
शेपम् (śépam)
embrace, affection
Stanza 10.85.38
तुभ्य॒मग्रे॒ पर्य॑वहन्त्सू॒र्यां व॑ह॒तुना॑ स॒ह | पुनः॒ पति॑भ्यो जा॒यां दा अ॑ग्ने प्र॒जया॑ स॒ह ||
túbhyam ágre páry avahan sūryā́ṁ vahatúnā sahá púnaḥ pátibhyo jāyā́ṁ dā́ agne prajáyā sahá
Agni first escorted Surya with the bridal procession. O Agni, give back the wife with children to the husbands.
This verse describes the initial escort of Surya to her home, led by Agni with the bridal procession. The groom, addressing Agni, asks him to give back the bride with her procession, implying a ceremonial handover. The verse concludes with a wish for her to have progeny, linking the marriage to continuation of the family line.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. तुभ्यम् अগ্রে परि अवहन् túbhyam ágre pári avahan (8 syllables)
- B. सूर्याम् वहतुना सह sūryā́m vahatúnā sahá (8 syllables)
- C. पुनः पतिभ्यः जाय púnar pátibhyaḥ jāyā́m (7 syllables)
- D. दाः अग्ने प्रजया सह dā́ḥ agne prajáyā sahá (8 syllables)
तुभ्यम् (túbhyam)
for you
अগ্রে (ágre)
first
परि (pári)
around
अवहन् (avahan)
they escorted
सूर्याम् (sūryā́m)
Surya
वहतुना (vahatúnā)
with the bridal procession
सह (sahá)
with
पुनः (púnar)
again
पतिभ्यः (pátibhyaḥ)
to the husbands
जाय (jāyā́m)
wife
दाः (dā́ḥ)
give (injunctive)
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
प्रजया (prajáyā)
with progeny
सह (sahá)
with
Stanza 10.85.39
पुनः॒ पत्नी॑म॒ग्निर॑दा॒दायु॑षा स॒ह वर्च॑सा | दी॒र्घायु॑रस्या॒ यः पति॒र्जीवा॑ति श॒रदः॑ श॒तम् ||
púnaḥ pátnīm agnír adād ā́yuṣā sahá várcasā dīrghā́yur asyā yáḥ pátir jī́vāti śarádaḥ śatám
Agni has given the wife again with brilliance and life. May the husband live long, for a hundred autumns.
This verse blesses the newly married couple, stating that Agni has given the wife back with splendor and long life. It wishes the husband a long life, specifically a hundred autumns, emphasizing health, longevity, and divine favor for their union.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. पुनः पत्नीम् अग्निः अदात् púnar pátnīm agníḥ adāt (8 syllables)
- B. आयुषा सह वर्चसा ā́yuṣā sahá várcasā (8 syllables)
- C. दीर्घायुः अस्याः यः पतिः dīrghā́yuḥ asyāḥ yáḥ pátiḥ (8 syllables)
- D. जीवाति शरदः शतम् jī́vāti śarádaḥ śatám (8 syllables)
पुनः (púnar)
again
पत्नीम् (pátnīm)
wife
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
अदात् (adāt)
gave
आयुषा (ā́yuṣā)
with life
सह (sahá)
with
वर्चसा (várcasā)
with splendor, vigor
दीर्घायुः (dīrghā́yuḥ)
long-lived
अस्याः (asyāḥ)
her
यः (yáḥ)
who
पतिः (pátiḥ)
husband
जीवाति (jī́vāti)
may live
शरदः (śarádaḥ)
autumns
शतम् (śatám)
hundred
Stanza 10.85.40
सोमः॑ प्रथ॒मो वि॑विदे गन्ध॒र्वो वि॑विद॒ उत्त॑रः | तृ॒तीयो॑ अ॒ग्निष्टे॒ पति॑स्तु॒रीय॑स्ते मनुष्य॒जाः ||
sómaḥ prathamó vivide gandharvó vivida úttaraḥ tr̥tī́yo agníṣ ṭe pátis turī́yas te manuṣyajā́ḥ
Soma first had her; the Gandharva had her next. Agni was your third husband; the human-born is your fourth.
This verse playfully outlines the lineage of husbands for a woman, starting with Soma, then the Gandharva, followed by Agni, and finally a human husband. This sequence suggests a progression from divine to earthly connections, framing the human marriage within a cosmic context.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सोमः प्रथमः विविदे sómaḥ prathamáḥ vivide (8 syllables)
- B. गन्धर्वः विविदे उत्तरः gandharváḥ vivide úttaraḥ (9 syllables)
- C. तृतीयः अग्निः ते पतिः tr̥tī́yaḥ agníḥ te pátiḥ (8 syllables)
- D. तुरीयः ते मनुष्यजाः turī́yaḥ te manuṣyajā́ḥ (8 syllables)
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma
प्रथमः (prathamáḥ)
first
विविदे (vivide)
obtained, possessed
गन्धर्वः (gandharváḥ)
Gandharva (celestial being)
विविदे (vivide)
obtained, possessed
उत्तरः (úttaraḥ)
next, subsequent
तृतीयः (tr̥tī́yaḥ)
third
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
ते (te)
your
पतिः (pátiḥ)
husband
तुरीयः (turī́yaḥ)
fourth
ते (te)
your
मनुष्यजाः (manuṣyajā́ḥ)
human-born
Stanza 10.85.41
सोमो॑ ददद्गन्ध॒र्वाय॑ गन्ध॒र्वो द॑दद॒ग्नये॑ | र॒यिं च॑ पु॒त्राँश्चा॑दाद॒ग्निर्मह्य॒मथो॑ इ॒माम् ||
sómo dadad gandharvā́ya gandharvó dadad agnáye rayíṁ ca putrā́ṁś cādād agnír máhyam átho imā́m
Soma gave to the Gandharva; the Gandharva gave to Agni. Agni gave me riches, sons, and this wife.
This verse describes the transfer of the bride through a series of divine and human figures. Soma gave her to the Gandharva, who gave her to Agni, and Agni finally gives her, along with wealth and sons, to the speaker. This layered gifting emphasizes the divine sanction and communal blessing of the marriage.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सोमः ददत् गन्धर्वाय sómaḥ dadat gandharvā́ya (8 syllables)
- B. गन्धर्वः ददत् अग्नये gandharváḥ dadat agnáye (8 syllables)
- C. रयिम् च पुत्रान् च अदात् rayím ca putrā́n ca adāt (8 syllables)
- D. अग्निः मह्यम् अथ उ इमाम् agníḥ máhyam átha u imā́m (8 syllables)
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma
ददत् (dadat)
gave
गन्धर्वाय (gandharvā́ya)
to the Gandharva
गन्धर्वः (gandharváḥ)
the Gandharva
ददत् (dadat)
gave
अग्नये (agnáye)
to Agni
रयिम् (rayím)
riches
च (ca)
and
पुत्रान् (putrā́n)
sons
च (ca)
and
अदात् (adāt)
gave
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
मह्यम् (máhyam)
to me
अथ (átha)
and then
उ (u)
and
इमाम् (imā́m)
this (bride)
Stanza 10.85.42
इ॒हैव स्तं॒ मा वि यौ॑ष्टं॒ विश्व॒मायु॒र्व्य॑श्नुतम् | क्रीळ॑न्तौ पु॒त्रैर्नप्तृ॑भि॒र्मोद॑मानौ॒ स्वे गृ॒हे ||
ihaívá stam mā́ ví yauṣṭaṁ víśvam ā́yur vy àśnutam krī́ḷantau putraír náptr̥bhir módamānau své gr̥hé
Stay here together; do not separate. Reach the full measure of life. Playing with sons and grandsons, rejoice in your home.
This verse is a blessing for the newly married couple to live together harmoniously and reach the full span of life. It wishes them to remain united, playing with their children and grandchildren, and rejoicing in their own home, emphasizing domestic bliss and longevity.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. इह एव स्तम् मा वि यौष्टम् ihá evá stam mā́ ví yauṣṭam (8 syllables)
- B. विश्वम् आयुः वि अश्नुतम् víśvam ā́yuḥ ví aśnutam (8 syllables)
- C. क्रीळन्तौ पुत्रैः नप्तृभिः krī́ḷantau putraíḥ náptr̥bhiḥ (8 syllables)
- D. मोदमानौ स्वे गृहे módamānau své gr̥hé (8 syllables)
इह (ihá)
here
एव (evá)
indeed
स्तम् (stam)
you two stay
मा (mā́)
not
वि (ví)
completely
यौष्टम् (yauṣṭam)
may you separate (dual)
विश्वम् (víśvam)
all
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
वि (ví)
completely
अश्नुतम् (aśnutam)
reach (dual)
क्रीळन्तौ (krī́ḷantau)
playing (dual)
पुत्रैः (putraíḥ)
with sons
नप्तृभिः (náptr̥bhiḥ)
with grandsons
मोदमानौ (módamānau)
rejoicing (dual)
स्वे (své)
in your own
गृहे (gr̥hé)
in the home
Stanza 10.85.43
आ नः॑ प्र॒जां ज॑नयतु प्र॒जाप॑तिराजर॒साय॒ सम॑नक्त्वर्य॒मा | अदु॑र्मङ्गलीः पतिलो॒कमा वि॑श॒ शं नो॑ भव द्वि॒पदे॒ शं चतु॑ष्पदे ||
ā́ naḥ prajā́ṁ janayatu prajā́patir ājarasā́ya sám anaktv aryamā́ ádurmaṅgalīḥ patilokám ā́ viśa śáṁ no bhava dvipáde śáṁ cátuṣpade
May Prajapati bring us children; may Aryaman adorn us until old age. May you not bring ill omens; bring welfare to bipeds and quadrupeds.
This verse is a prayer to Prajapati and Aryaman for fertility and well-being. It asks for children and requests that Aryaman adorn them until old age. The bride is instructed not to enter the house with inauspicious signs, but rather to bring welfare to both humans and animals, emphasizing blessings and auspiciousness.
Meter: Jagati
- A. आ नः प्रजाम् जनयतु प्रजापतिः ā́ naḥ prajā́m janayatu prajā́patiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. आजरसाय सम् अनक्तु अर्यमा ājarasā́ya sám anaktu aryamā́ (12 syllables)
- C. अदुर्मङ्गलिः पतिलोकम् आ विश ádurmaṅgalīḥ patilokám ā́ viśa (12 syllables)
- D. शम् नः भव द्विपदे शम् चतुष्पदे śám naḥ bhava dvipáde śám cátuṣpade (12 syllables)
आ (ā́)
into
नः (naḥ)
to us
प्रजाम् (prajā́m)
offspring
जनयतु (janayatu)
may generate
प्रजापतिः (prajā́patiḥ)
Prajapati (Lord of Creatures)
आजरसाय (ājarasā́ya)
until old age
सम् (sám)
together
अनक्तु (anaktu)
may anoint, adorn
अर्यमा (aryamā́)
Aryaman (deity)
अदुर्मङ्गलिः (ádurmaṅgalīḥ)
not inauspicious
पतिलोकम् (patilokám)
husband's world/home
आ (ā́)
into
विश (viśa)
enter
शम् (śám)
welfare, peace
नः (naḥ)
to us
भव (bhava)
be
द्विपदे (dvipáde)
to the two-footed
शम् (śám)
welfare, peace
चतुष्पदे (cátuṣpade)
to the four-footed
Stanza 10.85.44
अघो॑रचक्षु॒रप॑तिघ्न्येधि शि॒वा प॒शुभ्यः॑ सु॒मनाः॑ सु॒वर्चाः॑ | वी॒र॒सूर्दे॒वका॑मा स्यो॒ना शं नो॑ भव द्वि॒पदे॒ शं चतु॑ष्पदे ||
ághoracakṣur ápatighny edhi śivā́ paśúbhyaḥ sumánāḥ suvárcāḥ vīrasū́r devákāmā syonā́ śáṁ no bhava dvipáde śáṁ cátuṣpade
Be free from evil eye, not harming your husband, kind to cattle, radiant, and happy. Bearing heroes, loving gods, bring welfare to bipeds and quadrupeds.
This verse offers a final blessing to the bride, wishing her to be free from evil, a good wife, kind to cattle, radiant, and loving. She is wished the ability to bear heroes and love the gods, culminating in a desire for her to bring welfare to all beings, both human and animal.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अघोरचक्षुः अपतिघ्नी एधि ághoracakṣuḥ ápatighnī edhi (11 syllables)
- B. शिवा पशुभ्यः सुमनाः सुवर्चाः śivā́ paśúbhyaḥ sumánāḥ suvárcāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वीरसूः देवकामा स्योना vīrasū́ḥ devákāmā syonā́ (11 syllables)
- D. शम् नः भव द्विपदे शम् चतुष्पदे śám naḥ bhava dvipáde śám cátuṣpade (12 syllables)
अघोरचक्षुः (ághoracakṣuḥ)
with non-evil eye
अपतिघ्नी (ápatighnī)
not harming the husband
एधि (edhi)
be
शिवा (śivā́)
kind, auspicious
पशुभ्यः (paśúbhyaḥ)
to the cattle
सुमनाः (sumánāḥ)
of good mind, happy
सुवर्चाः (suvárcāḥ)
of great radiance
वीरसूः (vīrasū́ḥ)
bearer of heroes
देवकामा (devákāmā)
loving the gods
स्योना (syonā́)
pleasant, delightful
शम् (śám)
welfare, peace
नः (naḥ)
to us
भव (bhava)
be
द्विपदे (dvipáde)
to the two-footed
शम् (śám)
welfare, peace
चतुष्पदे (cátuṣpade)
to the four-footed
Stanza 10.85.45
इ॒मां त्वमि॑न्द्र मीढ्वः सुपु॒त्रां सु॒भगां॑ कृणु | दशा॑स्यां पु॒त्राना धे॑हि॒ पति॑मेकाद॒शं कृ॑धि ||
imā́ṁ tvám indra mīḍhvaḥ suputrā́ṁ subhágāṁ kr̥ṇu dáśāsyām putrā́n ā́ dhehi pátim ekādaśáṁ kr̥dhi
O Indra, make this bride fortunate with good children. Give her ten children, and make her husband the eleventh.
This verse is a direct plea to Indra for blessings upon the bride. The speaker asks Indra to make her fortunate, with good children and a prosperous life. The prayer extends to wishing her ten children and making her husband the eleventh member of their household, signifying a desire for a large and blessed family.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. इमाम् त्वम् इन्द्र मीढ्वः imā́m tvám indra mīḍhvaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. सुपुत्रा सुभगाम् कृणु suputrā́m subhágām kr̥ṇu (8 syllables)
- C. दश अस्याम् पुत्रान् आ धेहि dáśa asyām putrā́n ā́ dhehi (8 syllables)
- D. पतिम् एकादशम् कृधि pátim ekādaśám kr̥dhi (8 syllables)
इमाम् (imā́m)
this
त्वम् (tvám)
you
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
मीढ्वः (mīḍhvaḥ)
bountiful
सुपुत्रा (suputrā́m)
with good children
सुभगाम् (subhágām)
fortunate
कृणु (kr̥ṇu)
make
दश (dáśa)
ten
अस्याम् (asyām)
in her
पुत्रान् (putrā́n)
sons
आ (ā́)
here
धेहि (dhehi)
place, give
पतिम् (pátim)
husband
एकादशम् (ekādaśám)
eleventh
कृधि (kr̥dhi)
make
Stanza 10.85.46
स॒म्राज्ञी॒ श्वशु॑रे भव स॒म्राज्ञी॑ श्व॒श्र्वां भ॑व | नना॑न्दरि स॒म्राज्ञी॑ भव स॒म्राज्ञी॒ अधि॑ दे॒वृषु॑ ||
samrā́jñī śváśure bhava samrā́jñī śvaśrvā́m bhava nánāndari samrā́jñī bhava samrā́jñī ádhi devŕ̥ṣu
Be supreme over your father-in-law and mother-in-law. Be supreme over your sister-in-law and brothers-in-law.
This verse offers instructions and blessings to the bride regarding her role within the extended family. She is told to hold authority ('samrajni') over her father-in-law, mother-in-law, sister-in-law, and brothers-in-law. This signifies her integration and acceptance, granting her a respected position within the household hierarchy.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सम्राज्ञी श्वशु्रे भव samrā́jñī śváśure bhava (8 syllables)
- B. सम्राज्ञी श्वश्र्वाम् भव samrā́jñī śvaśrvā́m bhava (8 syllables)
- C. ननान्दरि सम्राज्ञी भव nánāndari samrā́jñī bhava (9 syllables)
- D. सम्राज्ञी अधि देवृषु samrā́jñī ádhi devŕ̥ṣu (8 syllables)
सम्राज्ञी (samrā́jñī)
supreme ruler
श्वशु्रे (śváśure)
over the father-in-law
भव (bhava)
be
सम्राज्ञी (samrā́jñī)
supreme ruler
श्वश्र्वाम् (śvaśrvā́m)
over the mother-in-law
भव (bhava)
be
ननान्दरि (nánāndari)
over the sister-in-law
सम्राज्ञी (samrā́jñī)
supreme ruler
भव (bhava)
be
सम्राज्ञी (samrā́jñī)
supreme ruler
अधि (ádhi)
over
देवृषु (devŕ̥ṣu)
over the brothers-in-law
Stanza 10.85.47
सम॑ञ्जन्तु॒ विश्वे॑ दे॒वाः समापो॒ हृद॑यानि नौ | सं मा॑त॒रिश्वा॒ सं धा॒ता समु॒ देष्ट्री॑ दधातु नौ ||
sám añjantu víśve devā́ḥ sám ā́po hŕ̥dayāni nau sám mātaríśvā sáṁ dhātā́ sám u déṣṭrī dadhātu nau
May all the gods unite our hearts; may the waters join them. May Matarishvan, Dhatar, and Destri join us together.
This verse is a prayer for unity and harmony in the marriage. It asks the gods, waters, Matarishvan, and Dhatar to join the hearts of the couple. This collective invoking signifies a desire for a strong, unified bond blessed by both divine and natural forces.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सम् अञ्जन्तु विश्वे देवाः sám añjantu víśve devā́ḥ (8 syllables)
- B. सम् आपः हृदयानि नौ sám ā́paḥ hŕ̥dayāni nau (8 syllables)
- C. सम् मातरिश्वा सम् धाता sám mātaríśvā sám dhātā́ (8 syllables)
- D. सम् उ देष्ट्री दधातु नौ sám u déṣṭrī dadhātu nau (8 syllables)
सम् (sám)
together
अञ्जन्तु (añjantu)
may join, may anoint
विश्वे (víśve)
all
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
सम् (sám)
together
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
हृदयानि (hŕ̥dayāni)
hearts
नौ (nau)
us (dual)
सम् (sám)
together
मातरिश्वा (mātaríśvā)
Matarishvan (wind god)
सम् (sám)
together
धाता (dhātā́)
Dhatar (creator god)
सम् (sám)
together
उ (u)
and
देष्ट्री (déṣṭrī)
Destri (a deity)
दधातु (dadhātu)
may join
नौ (nau)
us (dual)