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Stanza 10.8.1
प्र के॒तुना॑ बृह॒ता या॑त्य॒ग्निरा रोद॑सी वृष॒भो रो॑रवीति | दि॒वश्चि॒दन्ताँ॑ उप॒माँ उदा॑नळ॒पामु॒पस्थे॑ महि॒षो व॑वर्ध ||
prá ketúnā br̥hatā́ yāty agnír ā́ ródasī vr̥ṣabhó roravīti diváś cid ántām̐ upamā́m̐ úd ānaḷ apā́m upásthe mahiṣó vavardha
Agni advances with his great radiance, like a bull roaring to the earth and heavens. He has reached the highest limits of the sky and has grown powerful in the lap of the waters.
Agni, the divine fire, is depicted as advancing with a brilliant banner. He is like a powerful bull, roaring across the earth and sky. Agni has reached the highest points of the heavens and has grown strong within the waters, symbolizing his immense power and omnipresence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र केतुना बृहता याति अग्निः prá ketúnā br̥hatā́ yāti agníḥ (11 syllables)
- B. आ रोदसी वृषभः रोरवीति ā́ ródasī vr̥ṣabháḥ roravīti (11 syllables)
- C. दिवः चिद् अन्ताँ उपमान् उत् आनट् diváḥ cit ántān upamā́n út ānaṭ (11 syllables)
- D. अपां उपस्थे महिषः ववर्ध apā́m upásthe mahiṣáḥ vavardha (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forward
केतुना (ketúnā)
with his banner/radiance
बृहता (br̥hatā́)
great/large
याति (yāti)
he goes/advances
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (the fire god)
आ (ā́)
towards
रोदसी (ródasī)
earth and sky
वृषभः (vr̥ṣabháḥ)
bull
रोरवीति (roravīti)
he roars/cries out
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
चिद् (cit)
even
अन्ताँ (ántān)
limits/ends
उपमान् (upamā́n)
highest/supreme
उत् (út)
up/forth
आनट् (ānaṭ)
he reached
अपां (apā́m)
of the waters
उपस्थे (upásthe)
in the lap/bosom
महिषः (mahiṣáḥ)
steer/powerful one
ववर्ध (vavardha)
he grew/increased
Stanza 10.8.2
मु॒मोद॒ गर्भो॑ वृष॒भः क॒कुद्मा॑नस्रे॒मा व॒त्सः शिमी॑वाँ अरावीत् | स दे॒वता॒त्युद्य॑तानि कृ॒ण्वन्त्स्वेषु॒ क्षये॑षु प्रथ॒मो जि॑गाति ||
mumóda gárbho vr̥ṣabháḥ kakúdmān asremā́ vatsáḥ śímīvām̐ arāvīt sá devátāty údyatāni kr̥ṇván svéṣu kṣáyeṣu prathamó jigāti
The bull-like young one rejoices, the strong calf with a hump bellows. Performing actions in the divine assembly, he moves as the first in his own abodes.
The powerful 'garbha' (embryo, young one) of Agni, resembling a bull, rejoices. He is like a strong calf with a hump, a vigorous and never-tiring being that bellows. By bringing offerings to the divine assembly, he moves as the foremost in his own dwelling places.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मुमोद गर्भः वृषभः ककुद्मान् mumóda gárbhaḥ vr̥ṣabháḥ kakúdmān (11 syllables)
- B. अश्रेमा वत्सः शिमीवाँ अरावीत् asremā́ vatsáḥ śímīvān arāvīt (11 syllables)
- C. स देवताति उद्यतानि कृण्वन् sá devátāti údyatāni kr̥ṇván (11 syllables)
- D. स्वेषु क्षयेषु प्रथमः जिगाति svéṣu kṣáyeṣu prathamáḥ jigāti (11 syllables)
मुमोद (mumóda)
he rejoiced
गर्भः (gárbhaḥ)
embryo/young one
वृषभः (vr̥ṣabháḥ)
bull
ककुद्मान् (kakúdmān)
humped
अश्रेमा (asremā́)
never-ceasing/vigorous
वत्सः (vatsáḥ)
calf
शिमीवाँ (śímīvān)
strong/energetic
अरावीत् (arāvīt)
he bellowed/roared
स (sá)
he
देवताति (devátāti)
divine assembly/presence
उद्यतानि (údyatāni)
uplifted/offered
कृण्वन् (kr̥ṇván)
making/doing
स्वेषु (svéṣu)
in his own
क्षयेषु (kṣáyeṣu)
in dwellings/abodes
प्रथमः (prathamáḥ)
first/foremost
जिगाति (jigāti)
he goes
Stanza 10.8.3
आ यो मू॒र्धानं॑ पि॒त्रोरर॑ब्ध॒ न्य॑ध्व॒रे द॑धिरे॒ सूरो॒ अर्णः॑ | अस्य॒ पत्म॒न्नरु॑षी॒रश्व॑बुध्ना ऋ॒तस्य॒ योनौ॑ त॒न्वो॑ जुषन्त ||
ā́ yó mūrdhā́nam pitrór árabdha ny àdhvaré dadhire sū́ro árṇaḥ ásya pátmann áruṣīr áśvabudhnā r̥tásya yónau tanvò juṣanta
He who grasped the head of the parents, was established in the ritual. A wave of light, he moves in the sacrifice. In his swift journey, the red dawns, borne by horses, refresh themselves in the home of order.
This divine being, who grasped the heads of his 'parents' (perhaps concepts or forces), was established in the sacrifice. He is like a wave of light, bright and swift. In his fast movement, the red dawns, supported by horses (representing speed and energy), refresh themselves in the abode of cosmic order.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ यः मूर्धानं पित्रोः अरब्ध ā́ yáḥ mūrdhā́nam pitróḥ árabdha (11 syllables)
- B. नि अध्वरे दधिरे सूरः अर्णः ní adhvaré dadhire sū́raḥ árṇaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अस्य पत्मन् अरुषीः अश्वबुध्नाः ásya pátman áruṣīḥ áśvabudhnāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. ऋतस्य योनौ तन्वः जुषन्त r̥tásya yónau tanvàḥ juṣanta (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
towards
यः (yáḥ)
who
मूर्धानं (mūrdhā́nam)
head
पित्रोः (pitróḥ)
of the parents
अरब्ध (árabdha)
grasped/seized
नि (ní)
down/in
अध्वरे (adhvaré)
in the sacrifice/ritual
दधिरे (dadhire)
they established/placed
सूरः (sū́raḥ)
of the sun/heavenly light
अर्णः (árṇaḥ)
wave/flow
अस्य (ásya)
his
पत्मन् (pátman)
in flight/movement
अरुषीः (áruṣīḥ)
red
अश्वबुध्नाः (áśvabudhnāḥ)
horse-rooted/borne by horses
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of the cosmic order
योनौ (yónau)
in the home/womb
तन्वः (tanvàḥ)
bodies
जुषन्त (juṣanta)
they refreshed/enjoyed
Stanza 10.8.4
उ॒षउ॑षो॒ हि व॑सो॒ अग्र॒मेषि॒ त्वं य॒मयो॑रभवो वि॒भावा॑ | ऋ॒ताय॑ स॒प्त द॑धिषे प॒दानि॑ ज॒नय॑न्मि॒त्रं त॒न्वे॒३॒॑ स्वायै॑ ||
uṣá-uṣo hí vaso ágram éṣi tváṁ yamáyor abhavo vibhā́vā r̥tā́ya saptá dadhiṣe padā́ni janáyan mitráṁ tanvè svā́yai
O Vasu, you lead the dawn, and you have been the light for the twins. For the ritual, you hold seven places, and for yourself, you create Mitra.
Addressed to Vasu (a divine being, possibly related to dawn or light), this verse states that 'you' lead the dawn and have been the illuminator for the twins (likely the Ashvins). For the sake of sacrifice (rta), you hold seven positions and for your own self, you generate Mitra (friendship or a specific deity).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उषउषः हि वसो अग्रं एषि uṣá-uṣaḥ hí vaso ágram éṣi (10 syllables)
- B. त्वं यमयोः अभवो विभावा tvám yamáyoḥ abhavaḥ vibhā́vā (11 syllables)
- C. ऋताय सप्त दधिषे पदानि r̥tā́ya saptá dadhiṣe padā́ni (11 syllables)
- D. जनयन् मित्रं तन्वे स्वायै janáyan mitrám tanvè svā́yai (11 syllables)
उषउषः (uṣá-uṣaḥ)
of the dawn
हि (hí)
indeed
वसो (vaso)
O Vasu
अग्रं (ágram)
the front/beginning
एषि (éṣi)
you go
त्वं (tvám)
you
यमयोः (yamáyoḥ)
of the twins
अभवो (abhavaḥ)
you were/became
विभावा (vibhā́vā)
illuminator/radiant
ऋताय (r̥tā́ya)
for the ritual/order
सप्त (saptá)
seven
दधिषे (dadhiṣe)
you hold/place
पदानि (padā́ni)
places/steps
जनयन् (janáyan)
generating/creating
मित्रं (mitrám)
Mitra (friendship/deity)
तन्वे (tanvè)
for the body
स्वायै (svā́yai)
for your own
Stanza 10.8.5
भुव॒श्चक्षु॑र्म॒ह ऋ॒तस्य॑ गो॒पा भुवो॒ वरु॑णो॒ यदृ॒ताय॒ वेषि॑ | भुवो॑ अ॒पां नपा॑ज्जातवेदो॒ भुवो॑ दू॒तो यस्य॑ ह॒व्यं जुजो॑षः ||
bhúvaś cákṣur mahá r̥tásya gopā́ bhúvo váruṇo yád r̥tā́ya véṣi bhúvo apā́ṁ nápāj jātavedo bhúvo dūtó yásya havyáṁ jújoṣaḥ
You are the eye and guardian of great order, and Varuna when you come to the sacrifice. You are the child of waters, O Jatavedas, and the messenger of him whose offering you accept.
The verse addresses Agni, calling him the 'eye' and 'guardian' of the great cosmic order (rta) and also Varuna when he approaches the ritual. He is called the 'child of the waters' and 'Jatavedas' (one who knows what is born). He is further identified as the messenger of him whose offerings he accepts.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. भुवः चक्षुः महः ऋतस्य गोपाः bhúvaḥ cákṣuḥ maháḥ r̥tásya gopā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. भुवः वरुणः यत् ऋताय वेषि bhúvaḥ váruṇaḥ yát r̥tā́ya véṣi (11 syllables)
- C. भुवः अपां नपात् जातवेदो bhúvaḥ apā́m nápāt jātavedaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. भुवः दूतः यस्य हव्यं जुजोषः bhúvaḥ dūtáḥ yásya havyám jújoṣaḥ (11 syllables)
भुवः (bhúvaḥ)
you are
चक्षुः (cákṣuḥ)
eye
महः (maháḥ)
great
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of the cosmic order
गोपाः (gopā́ḥ)
guardian
भुवः (bhúvaḥ)
you are
वरुणः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna
यत् (yát)
when
ऋताय (r̥tā́ya)
for the ritual/order
वेषि (véṣi)
you come/go
भुवः (bhúvaḥ)
you are
अपां (apā́m)
of the waters
नपात् (nápāt)
child/offspring
जातवेदो (jātavedaḥ)
O Jatavedas (knower of all births)
भुवः (bhúvaḥ)
you are
दूतः (dūtáḥ)
messenger
यस्य (yásya)
of whom
हव्यं (havyám)
offering
जुजोषः (jújoṣaḥ)
you have accepted/liked
Stanza 10.8.6
भुवो॑ य॒ज्ञस्य॒ रज॑सश्च ने॒ता यत्रा॑ नि॒युद्भिः॒ सच॑से शि॒वाभिः॑ | दि॒वि मू॒र्धानं॑ दधिषे स्व॒र्षां जि॒ह्वाम॑ग्ने चकृषे हव्य॒वाह॑म् ||
bhúvo yajñásya rájasaś ca netā́ yátrā niyúdbhiḥ sácase śivā́bhiḥ diví mūrdhā́naṁ dadhiṣe svarṣā́ṁ jihvā́m agne cakr̥ṣe havyavā́ham
You are the leader of the sacrifice and the realm; you go with auspicious companions. You place your shining head in the sky, and make your tongue the bearer of offerings.
Agni is described as the leader of the sacrifice and the realm. He associates with auspicious divine forces ('teams') and places his radiant head in the sky. He has made his tongue the bearer of offerings, signifying his crucial role in mediating between the divine and human realms.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. भुवः यज्ञस्य रजसः च नेता bhúvaḥ yajñásya rájasaḥ ca netā́ (11 syllables)
- B. नियुद्भिः सचेसे शिवाभिः yátra + niyúdbhiḥ sácase śivā́bhiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. दिवि मूर्धानं दधिषे स्वर्षां diví mūrdhā́nam dadhiṣe svarṣā́m (11 syllables)
- D. जिह्वाम् अग्ने चकृषे हव्यवाहम् jihvā́m agne cakr̥ṣe havyavā́ham (11 syllables)
भुवः (bhúvaḥ)
you are
यज्ञस्य (yajñásya)
of the sacrifice
रजसः (rájasaḥ)
of the realm/sky
च (ca)
and
नेता (netā́)
leader
(yátra +)
नियुद्भिः (niyúdbhiḥ)
with teams/companions (divine beings)
सचेसे (sácase)
you associate/go with
शिवाभिः (śivā́bhiḥ)
auspicious/beneficial
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
मूर्धानं (mūrdhā́nam)
head
दधिषे (dadhiṣe)
you place/set
स्वर्षां (svarṣā́m)
light-bestowing/shining
जिह्वाम् (jihvā́m)
tongue
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
चकृषे (cakr̥ṣe)
you have made
हव्यवाहम् (havyavā́ham)
offering-bearer
Stanza 10.8.7
अ॒स्य त्रि॒तः क्रतु॑ना व॒व्रे अ॒न्तरि॒च्छन्धी॒तिं पि॒तुरेवैः॒ पर॑स्य | स॒च॒स्यमा॑नः पि॒त्रोरु॒पस्थे॑ जा॒मि ब्रु॑वा॒ण आयु॑धानि वेति ||
asyá tritáḥ krátunā vavré antár ichán dhītím pitúr évaiḥ párasya sacasyámānaḥ pitrór upásthe jāmí bruvāṇá ā́yudhāni veti
Trita, with his wisdom, within the cave, seeking the father's thought and the greater one's, calling his weapons 'kin' while in the parents' lap, goes forth.
Trita, imbued with knowledge and power, is within a cave, seeking the mind or intention of the 'father' (a supreme being or principle) and the 'greater one'. While being present in the 'bosom of the parents', he calls his weapons 'kin' and goes forth, indicating a prepared and powerful readiness for action.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अस्य त्रितः क्रतुना वव्रे अन्तरि asyá tritáḥ krátunā vavré antár (11 syllables)
- B. इच्छन् धीतिं पितुः एवैः परस्य ichán dhītím pitúḥ évaiḥ párasya (11 syllables)
- C. सचस्यमानः पित्रोः उपस्थे sacasyámānaḥ pitróḥ upásthe (11 syllables)
- D. जामि ब्रुवाणः आयुधानि वेति jāmí bruvāṇáḥ ā́yudhāni veti (11 syllables)
अस्य (asyá)
his
त्रितः (tritáḥ)
Trita (a mythical figure)
क्रतुना (krátunā)
with wisdom/power
वव्रे (vavré)
in the cave
अन्तरि (antár)
within
इच्छन् (ichán)
seeking
धीतिं (dhītím)
thought/intention
पितुः (pitúḥ)
of the father
एवैः (évaiḥ)
with companions/forces
परस्य (párasya)
of the greater one
सचस्यमानः (sacasyámānaḥ)
associating/going with
पित्रोः (pitróḥ)
of the parents
उपस्थे (upásthe)
in the lap/bosom
जामि (jāmí)
kinsmen
ब्रुवाणः (bruvāṇáḥ)
calling/saying
आयुधानि (ā́yudhāni)
weapons
वेति (veti)
he goes/proceeds
Stanza 10.8.8
स पित्र्या॒ण्यायु॑धानि वि॒द्वानिन्द्रे॑षित आ॒प्त्यो अ॒भ्य॑युध्यत् | त्रि॒शी॒र्षाणं॑ स॒प्तर॑श्मिं जघ॒न्वान्त्वा॒ष्ट्रस्य॑ चि॒न्निः स॑सृजे त्रि॒तो गाः ||
sá pítryāṇy ā́yudhāni vidvā́n índreṣita āptyó abhy àyudhyat triśīrṣā́ṇaṁ saptáraśmiṁ jaghanvā́n tvāṣṭrásya cin níḥ sasr̥je tritó gā́ḥ
He, knowing his father's weapons, and urged by Indra, fought. Trita killed the three-headed, seven-rayed one, and freed the cattle of the Son of Tvashṭar.
Trita, skilled in using his father's weapons and impelled by Indra, fought a battle. He defeated a three-headed, seven-rayed enemy and freed the cattle belonging to the 'Son of Tvashṭar' (a divine craftsman, possibly referring to a celestial being or force).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स पित्र्याणि आयुधानि विद्वान् sá pítryāṇi ā́yudhāni vidvā́n (11 syllables)
- B. इन्द्र षित आप्त्यः अभि अयुध्यत् índreṣitaḥ āptyáḥ abhí ayudhyat (11 syllables)
- C. त्रिषीर्षाणं सप्तरश्मिं जघन्वान् triśīrṣā́ṇam saptáraśmim jaghanvā́n (11 syllables)
- D. त्वाष्ट्रस्य चिद् निः ससृजे त्रितः गाः tvāṣṭrásya cit nís sasr̥je tritáḥ gā́ḥ (11 syllables)
स (sá)
he
पित्र्याणि (pítryāṇi)
father's
आयुधानि (ā́yudhāni)
weapons
विद्वान् (vidvā́n)
knowing
इन्द्र षित (índreṣitaḥ)
urged by Indra
आप्त्यः (āptyáḥ)
son of Aptya/related
अभि (abhí)
against
अयुध्यत् (ayudhyat)
he fought
त्रिषीर्षाणं (triśīrṣā́ṇam)
three-headed
सप्तरश्मिं (saptáraśmim)
seven-rayed
जघन्वान् (jaghanvā́n)
having killed
त्वाष्ट्रस्य (tvāṣṭrásya)
of the Son of Tvashṭar
चिद् (cit)
indeed
निः (nís)
from/out
ससृजे (sasr̥je)
he released/set free
त्रितः (tritáḥ)
Trita
गाः (gā́ḥ)
cattle
Stanza 10.8.9
भूरीदिन्द्र॑ उ॒दिन॑क्षन्त॒मोजोऽवा॑भिन॒त्सत्प॑ति॒र्मन्य॑मानम् | त्वा॒ष्ट्रस्य॑ चिद्वि॒श्वरू॑पस्य॒ गोना॑माचक्रा॒णस्त्रीणि॑ शी॒र्षा परा॑ वर्क् ||
bhū́rī́d índra udínakṣantam ójó 'vābhinat sátpatir mányamānam tvāṣṭrásya cid viśvárūpasya gónām ācakrāṇás trī́ṇi śīrṣā́ párā vark
Indra, lord of the strong, cleaved him who desired much strength and felt mighty. He cut off the three heads of the all-formed one, and seized the cattle.
Indra, the lord of the brave, struck down a being who was seeking great strength and felt mighty. Indra cut off the three heads of Tvashṭar's 'all-formed' son, and seized his cattle. This signifies Indra's power to overcome formidable foes and protect the divine order.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. भूरी इद् इन्द्र उदिनक्षन्तम् ओजो bhū́ri ít índraḥ udínakṣantam ójaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अवा अभिन्नत् सत्पतिः मन्यमानम् áva abhinat sátpatiḥ mányamānam (11 syllables)
- C. त्वाष्ट्रस्य चिद् विश्वरूपस्य गोनाम् tvāṣṭrásya cit viśvárūpasya gónām (11 syllables)
- D. आचक्राणः त्रीणि शीर्षा परा अवर्क् ācakrāṇáḥ trī́ṇi śīrṣā́ párā vark (11 syllables)
भूरी (bhū́ri)
much
इद् (ít)
indeed
इन्द्र (índraḥ)
Indra
उदिनक्षन्तम् (udínakṣantam)
seeking to gain
ओजो (ójaḥ)
strength
अवा (áva)
down
अभिन्नत् (abhinat)
he split/pierced
सत्पतिः (sátpatiḥ)
lord of the brave/righteous
मन्यमानम् (mányamānam)
thinking/considering
त्वाष्ट्रस्य (tvāṣṭrásya)
of the Son of Tvashṭar
चिद् (cit)
indeed
विश्वरूपस्य (viśvárūpasya)
of the all-formed/varied form
गोनाम् (gónām)
of the cattle
आचक्राणः (ācakrāṇáḥ)
seizing/taking
त्रीणि (trī́ṇi)
three
शीर्षा (śīrṣā́)
heads
परा (párā)
away/off
अवर्क् (vark)
he cut off/severed