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Stanza 10.46.1
प्र होता॑ जा॒तो म॒हान्न॑भो॒विन्नृ॒षद्वा॑ सीदद॒पामु॒पस्थे॑ | दधि॒र्यो धायि॒ स ते॒ वयां॑सि य॒न्ता वसू॑नि विध॒ते त॑नू॒पाः ||
prá hótā jātó mahā́n nabhovín nr̥ṣádvā sīdad apā́m upásthe dádhir yó dhā́yi sá te váyāṁsi yantā́ vásūni vidhaté tanūpā́ḥ
The great priest, born, knowing the clouds, dwells with men, seated in the waters. He who is established is for you, O divine one, the giver of wealth, the protector of the body, the controller of powers.
This verse describes the divine priest, Agni, who is born with immense power and wisdom. He is depicted as being established in a sacred space, situated among the waters, and having a profound connection to the celestial realms (clouds). Agni is portrayed as the protector of his devotee and the bestower of wealth and vital energy.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र होता जातो महान नभोविन्नृ prá hótā jātáḥ mahā́n nabhovít (10 syllables)
- B. षद्वा सीदद अदपामु पस्थे nr̥ṣádvā sīdat apā́m upásthe (10 syllables)
- C. दधि यो धायि स ते वयां dádhiḥ yáḥ dhā́yi sá te váyāṃsi (10 syllables)
- D. यन्ता वसू विध त yantā́ vásūni vidhaté tanūpā́ḥ (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forward, forth
होता (hótā)
priest, offerer
जातो (jātáḥ)
born, produced
महान (mahā́n)
great, mighty
नभोविन्नृ (nabhovít)
knowing the clouds, dwelling in the sky
षद्वा (nr̥ṣádvā)
dwelling with men
सीदद (sīdat)
sits, dwells
अदपामु (apā́m)
of the waters
पस्थे (upásthe)
in the lap, in the midst
दधि (dádhiḥ)
placed, established
यो (yáḥ)
who, which
धायि (dhā́yi)
is established, is placed
स (sá)
he, that
ते (te)
to you
वयां (váyāṃsi)
powers, vital energies
यन्ता (yantā́)
controller, ruler
वसू (vásūni)
wealth, treasures
विध (vidhaté)
arranged, ordained
त (tanūpā́ḥ)
protector of the body
Stanza 10.46.2
इ॒मं वि॒धन्तो॑ अ॒पां स॒धस्थे॑ प॒शुं न न॒ष्टं प॒दैरनु॑ ग्मन् | गुहा॒ चत॑न्तमु॒शिजो॒ नमो॑भिरि॒च्छन्तो॒ धीरा॒ भृग॑वोऽविन्दन् ||
imáṁ vidhánto apā́ṁ sadhásthe paśúṁ ná naṣṭám padaír ánu gman gúhā cátantam uśíjo námobhir ichánto dhī́rā bhŕ̥gavo 'vindan
Worshipping, they followed him with their steps, like a lost animal. The wise Bhrigus, seeking him with adoration, found him hidden where the waters meet.
The wise Bhrigus, seeking something important, are described as following invisible traces, like someone searching for a lost animal. They are actively engaged in devotion and worship, yearning to find what is hidden. Their diligent search leads them to discover it in a place of confluence, possibly where waters gather.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इ विधन्तो अ सधस्थे imám vidhántaḥ apā́m sadhásthe (10 syllables)
- B. पशुं न नष्टं पदैर अनु गमन् paśúm ná naṣṭám padaíḥ ánu gman (10 syllables)
- C. गुहा चतन्तमु शिशि नमोभिर gúhā cátantam uśíjaḥ námobhiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. इच्छन्तो धीरा भृगवो अविन्दन् ichántaḥ dhī́rāḥ bhŕ̥gavaḥ avindan (11 syllables)
इ (imám)
this
विधन्तो (vidhántaḥ)
worshipping, revering
अ (apā́m)
of the waters
सधस्थे (sadhásthe)
in the same place, together
पशुं (paśúm)
animal
न (ná)
like, as
नष्टं (naṣṭám)
lost
पदैर (padaíḥ)
by footprints, by steps
अनु (ánu)
along, following
गमन् (gman)
they went, they followed
गुहा (gúhā)
in secret, hidden
चतन्तमु (cátantam)
desiring, seeking
शिशि (uśíjaḥ)
wise ones, zealous ones
नमोभिर (námobhiḥ)
with worship, with reverence
इच्छन्तो (ichántaḥ)
seeking, desiring
धीरा (dhī́rāḥ)
wise, intelligent
भृगवो (bhŕ̥gavaḥ)
the Bhrigus (a priestly clan)
अविन्दन् (avindan)
they found
Stanza 10.46.3
इ॒मं त्रि॒तो भूर्य॑विन्ददि॒च्छन्वै॑भूव॒सो मू॒र्धन्यघ्न्या॑याः | स शेवृ॑धो जा॒त आ ह॒र्म्येषु॒ नाभि॒र्युवा॑ भवति रोच॒नस्य॑ ||
imáṁ tritó bhū́ry avindad ichán vaibhūvasó mūrdhány ághnyāyāḥ sá śévr̥dho jātá ā́ harmyéṣu nā́bhir yúvā bhavati rocanásya
Trita, the offspring of Vaibhuvāsa, found this greatly desired on the forehead of the unslayable cow. Born in our homes, he is the joyful youth, the center of radiance.
Trita, a divine figure, is described as actively searching and finding something of great importance, possibly related to a divine cow ('aghnya'). This discovery happens on the 'forehead' of the cow, signifying a prominent or crucial point. The found entity, born within homes, is youthful, brings joy, and becomes a central, radiant element.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इ त्रित भूर्य अविन्ददि इच्छन् imám tritáḥ bhū́ri avindat ichán (11 syllables)
- B. वैभूव मू घ्न्याया vaibhūvasáḥ mūrdháni ághnyāyāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. स शेवृ जा आ हर्म्येषु sá śévr̥dhaḥ jātáḥ ā́ harmyéṣu (11 syllables)
- D. नाभि युवा भवति रोचनस्य nā́bhiḥ yúvā bhavati rocanásya (11 syllables)
इ (imám)
this
त्रित (tritáḥ)
Trita (a divine being)
भूर्य (bhū́ri)
much, greatly
अविन्ददि (avindat)
found
इच्छन् (ichán)
desiring, seeking
वैभूव (vaibhūvasáḥ)
son of Vaibhuvāsa
मू (mūrdháni)
on the forehead, on the head
घ्न्याया (ághnyāyāḥ)
of the unslayable (cow)
स (sá)
he
शेवृ (śévr̥dhaḥ)
joy-giver, source of delight
जा (jātáḥ)
born, produced
आ (ā́)
in
हर्म्येषु (harmyéṣu)
in the houses, in the dwellings
नाभि (nā́bhiḥ)
navel, center
युवा (yúvā)
youth, young
भवति (bhavati)
becomes, is
रोचनस्य (rocanásya)
of radiance, of brightness
Stanza 10.46.4
म॒न्द्रं होता॑रमु॒शिजो॒ नमो॑भिः॒ प्राञ्चं॑ य॒ज्ञं ने॒तार॑मध्व॒राणा॑म् | वि॒शाम॑कृण्वन्नर॒तिं पा॑व॒कं ह॑व्य॒वाहं॒ दध॑तो॒ मानु॑षेषु ||
mandráṁ hótāram uśíjo námobhiḥ prā́ñcaṁ yajñáṁ netā́ram adhvarā́ṇām viśā́m akr̥ṇvann aratím pāvakáṁ havyavā́haṁ dádhato mā́nuṣeṣu
With reverence, the wise have made him the joyful priest, the leader of sacrifices, the purifier, the bearer of offerings among people.
The intelligent and devoted individuals (Uśij and Dhīra) have established Agni, the cheerful priest, among humans. They recognize him as the leader of sacrifices, the purifier, and the bearer of offerings. Agni is depicted as advancing the ritual and serving as a divine messenger.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. म होतारमु उशिशिज नमोभिर mandrám hótāram uśíjaḥ námobhiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. प्राञ्चं यज्ञं नेतार अध्वराणा prā́ñcam yajñám netā́ram adhvarā́ṇām (11 syllables)
- C. विश अकृण्वन्नर अ पावक viśā́m akr̥ṇvan aratím pāvakám (11 syllables)
- D. हव्यवाहम दधतो मानुषेषु havyavā́ham dádhataḥ mā́nuṣeṣu (11 syllables)
म (mandrám)
joyful, cheering
होतारमु (hótāram)
priest, offerer
उशिशिज (uśíjaḥ)
wise ones, zealous ones
नमोभिर (námobhiḥ)
with worship, with reverence
प्राञ्चं (prā́ñcam)
forward-going, advancing
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice, offering
नेतार (netā́ram)
leader
अध्वराणा (adhvarā́ṇām)
of the sacrifices
विश (viśā́m)
of the people, of the settlements
अकृण्वन्नर (akr̥ṇvan)
they made, they established
अ (aratím)
envoy, messenger
पावक (pāvakám)
purifier
हव्यवाहम (havyavā́ham)
bearer of oblations
दधतो (dádhataḥ)
placing, establishing
मानुषेषु (mā́nuṣeṣu)
among men, among people
Stanza 10.46.5
प्र भू॒र्जय॑न्तं म॒हां वि॑पो॒धां मू॒रा अमू॑रं पु॒रां द॒र्माण॑म् | नय॑न्तो॒ गर्भं॑ व॒नां धियं॑ धु॒र्हिरि॑श्मश्रुं॒ नार्वा॑णं॒ धन॑र्चम् ||
prá bhūr jáyantam mahā́ṁ vipodhā́m mūrā́ ámūram purā́ṁ darmā́ṇam náyanto gárbhaṁ vanā́ṁ dhíyaṁ dhur híriśmaśruṁ nā́rvāṇaṁ dhánarcam
The foolish, unable to grasp, lead the great, victorious, song-inspiring, fort-destroying one. They brought him, the shining, wealth-adorned one, like a horse, the object of desire.
This verse contrasts the actions of the foolish ('mūrāḥ') with the wise. The foolish try to guide or lead someone great, victorious, and unswerving, but they are ultimately unable to grasp or control this powerful entity. This entity is described with many attributes, including being a 'fort-destroyer' and having a shining, wealth-adorned appearance, likened to a fast horse.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र भू जयन्त महां विपोधा prá bhūḥ jáyantam mahā́m vipodhā́m (10 syllables)
- B. मूर अमू पु द mūrā́ḥ ámūram purā́m darmā́ṇam (10 syllables)
- C. नयन्तो गर्भं वना धिय धु náyantaḥ gárbham vanā́m dhíyam dhuḥ (10 syllables)
- D. हिरिश्मश्रुं न र्वाणं धनर्च híriśmaśrum ná árvāṇam dhánarcam (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forward, forth
भू (bhūḥ)
you become, you are
जयन्त (jáyantam)
victorious, conquering
महां (mahā́m)
of the great ones
विपोधा (vipodhā́m)
song-inspirer
मूर (mūrā́ḥ)
foolish ones, deluded ones
अमू (ámūram)
unwavering, not deluded
पु (purā́m)
of the forts
द (darmā́ṇam)
destroyer
नयन्तो (náyantaḥ)
leading, guiding
गर्भं (gárbham)
embryo, core, desired one
वना (vanā́m)
of the woods, of desire
धिय (dhíyam)
thought, hymn, song
धु (dhuḥ)
they placed, they held
हिरिश्मश्रुं (híriśmaśrum)
gold-bearded, shining
न (ná)
not
र्वाणं (árvāṇam)
courser, horse
धनर्च (dhánarcam)
shining with wealth
Stanza 10.46.6
नि प॒स्त्या॑सु त्रि॒तः स्त॑भू॒यन्परि॑वीतो॒ योनौ॑ सीदद॒न्तः | अतः॑ सं॒गृभ्या॑ वि॒शां दमू॑ना॒ विध॑र्मणाय॒न्त्रैरी॑यते॒ नॄन् ||
ní pastyāā̀su tritá stabhūyán párivīto yónau sīdad antáḥ átaḥ saṁgŕ̥bhyā viśā́ṁ dámūnā vídharmaṇāyantraír īyate nr̥ŕ̥n
Trita, the companion of the people, firmly established in the homes, sits in his dwelling. Thence, gathered by law and instruments, he moves among men.
Trita, the 'Companion of the Tribes', is firmly established within the homes. He resides in a specific 'womb' or place. From this position, he moves out, collected and guided by principles or laws ('vidharman'), and instruments ('ayantraiḥ'), to interact with people. He is described as being gathered or held together by a force or essence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. नि पस्त्या त्रित स्तभूयन् ní pastyā̀su tritáḥ stabhūyán (10 syllables)
- B. परि योनौ सीदद अन्त párivītaḥ yónau sīdat antár (10 syllables)
- C. अतः संगृभ्या विश दमू átas saṃgŕ̥bhya + viśā́m dámūnāḥ (10 syllables)
- D. विधर्मणाय यन्त्रै ईयते नॄन् vídharmaṇā ayantraíḥ īyate nr̥̄́n (12 syllables)
नि (ní)
down, into
पस्त्या (pastyā̀su)
in the houses, in the dwellings
त्रित (tritáḥ)
Trita (a divine being)
स्तभूयन् (stabhūyán)
firmly established, supported
परि (párivītaḥ)
surrounded, encircled
योनौ (yónau)
in the womb, in the place
सीदद (sīdat)
sits, dwells
अन्त (antár)
within, inside
अतः (átas)
thence, from here
संगृभ्या (saṃgŕ̥bhya +)
having grasped, having collected
विश (viśā́m)
of the people, of the tribes
दमू (dámūnāḥ)
companion of the house/clan
विधर्मणाय (vídharmaṇā)
by law, by principle
यन्त्रै (ayantraíḥ)
by instruments, by means
ईयते (īyate)
moves, goes
नॄन् (nr̥̄́n)
men
Stanza 10.46.7
अ॒स्याजरा॑सो द॒माम॒रित्रा॑ अ॒र्चद्धू॑मासो अ॒ग्नयः॑ पाव॒काः | श्वि॒ती॒चयः॑ श्वा॒त्रासो॑ भुर॒ण्यवो॑ वन॒र्षदो॑ वा॒यवो॒ न सोमाः॑ ||
asyā́járāso damā́m arítrā arcáddhūmāso agnáyaḥ pāvakā́ḥ śvitīcáyaḥ śvātrā́so bhuraṇyávo vanarṣádo vāyávo ná sómāḥ
His eternal, purifying fires, with shining smoke, move the homes. They are white, growing stronger, dwelling in the woods, like Somas that move like winds.
This verse describes the ever-burning, purifying fires (Agni) that sustain human settlements. These fires are characterized by their eternal nature, shining smoke, and growing strength. They are also associated with forests and are compared to swift winds and the vital essence of Soma, highlighting their dynamic and life-giving power.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अ अजरासो दमाम अ asyá ajárāsaḥ damā́m arítrāḥ (10 syllables)
- B. अर्चद्धूमास अग्नय पावका arcáddhūmāsaḥ agnáyaḥ pāvakā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. श्वितीचय श्वात्रासो भुरण्यवो śvitīcáyaḥ śvātrā́saḥ bhuraṇyávaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वन वायवो न सोमा vanarṣádaḥ vāyávaḥ ná sómāḥ (10 syllables)
अ (asyá)
his, of him
अजरासो (ajárāsaḥ)
eternal, undecaying
दमाम (damā́m)
of the homes, of the dwellings
अ (arítrāḥ)
moving, shaking
अर्चद्धूमास (arcáddhūmāsaḥ)
shining with smoke
अग्नय (agnáyaḥ)
fires
पावका (pāvakā́ḥ)
purifying
श्वितीचय (śvitīcáyaḥ)
white, shining
श्वात्रासो (śvātrā́saḥ)
strong, powerful
भुरण्यवो (bhuraṇyávaḥ)
stirring, active
वन (vanarṣádaḥ)
dwelling in the forest
वायवो (vāyávaḥ)
winds
न (ná)
like, as
सोमा (sómāḥ)
Somas (divine drinks or essences)
Stanza 10.46.8
प्र जि॒ह्वया॑ भरते॒ वेपो॑ अ॒ग्निः प्र व॒युना॑नि॒ चेत॑सा पृथि॒व्याः | तमा॒यवः॑ शु॒चय॑न्तं पाव॒कं म॒न्द्रं होता॑रं दधिरे॒ यजि॑ष्ठम् ||
prá jihváyā bharate vépo agníḥ prá vayúnāni cétasā pr̥thivyā́ḥ tám āyávaḥ śucáyantam pāvakám mandráṁ hótāraṁ dadhire yájiṣṭham
Agni, with his tongue, bears the praise and, with his consciousness, the actions of the Earth. Him, the purifying, radiant, cheerful priest, the most devoted, men have established.
Agni's tongue is described as actively carrying praise and performing actions related to the Earth. Through his conscious effort ('cetasā'), he brings forth various forms and activities. He is recognized by people ('āyavaḥ') as a purifying, radiant, cheerful priest and the foremost among those who perform sacrifices, signifying his central role in devotion.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र जि भरते वेपो अग्नि prá jihváyā bharate vépaḥ agníḥ (11 syllables)
- B. प्र वयुनानि चेतसा पृ prá vayúnāni cétasā pr̥thivyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. त आयव शुच पावक tám āyávaḥ śucáyantam pāvakám (11 syllables)
- D. म होतार दधिरे यजि mandrám hótāram dadhire yájiṣṭham (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forward, forth
जि (jihváyā)
by the tongue
भरते (bharate)
he bears, he carries
वेपो (vépaḥ)
praise, song
अग्नि (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
प्र (prá)
forward, forth
वयुनानि (vayúnāni)
actions, movements, forms
चेतसा (cétasā)
by consciousness, by mind
पृ (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the Earth
त (tám)
him
आयव (āyávaḥ)
men, people
शुच (śucáyantam)
purifying
पावक (pāvakám)
purifier
म (mandrám)
joyful, cheering
होतार (hótāram)
priest, offerer
दधिरे (dadhire)
they placed, they established
यजि (yájiṣṭham)
most devoted to sacrifice, foremost sacrificer
Stanza 10.46.9
द्यावा॒ यम॒ग्निं पृ॑थि॒वी जनि॑ष्टा॒माप॒स्त्वष्टा॒ भृग॑वो॒ यं सहो॑भिः | ई॒ळेन्यं॑ प्रथ॒मं मा॑त॒रिश्वा॑ दे॒वास्त॑तक्षु॒र्मन॑वे॒ यज॑त्रम् ||
dyā́vā yám agním pr̥thivī́ jániṣṭām ā́pas tváṣṭā bhŕ̥gavo yáṁ sáhobhiḥ īḷényam prathamám mātaríśvā devā́s tatakṣur mánave yájatram
Heaven and Earth generated Agni, the waters, Tvashtar, and the Bhrigus with might. Matarishvan and the gods shaped him, the worshipful one, first for Manu.
This verse highlights the cosmic creation of Agni. He is brought into being by various divine entities: Heaven and Earth as parents, the Waters, the divine craftsman Tvashtar, the Bhrigus with their might, and Matarishvan. The Gods collectively shaped him as a sacred and worshipful being for humankind.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. द्यावा यं अग्नि पृ जनिष्ट dyā́vā yám agním pr̥thivī́ jániṣṭām (11 syllables)
- B. आप त्वष्टा भृगवो यं सह ā́paḥ tváṣṭā bhŕ̥gavaḥ yám sáhobhiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. ईळेन्य प्रथम मातरिश्व īḷényam prathamám mātaríśvā (11 syllables)
- D. दे ततक्षु मनवे यजत्र devā́ḥ tatakṣuḥ mánave yájatram (11 syllables)
द्यावा (dyā́vā)
Heaven (dual)
यं (yám)
whom, which
अग्नि (agním)
Agni (fire god)
पृ (pr̥thivī́)
Earth (dual)
जनिष्ट (jániṣṭām)
they two generated
आप (ā́paḥ)
waters
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvashtar (divine craftsman)
भृगवो (bhŕ̥gavaḥ)
the Bhrigus (a priestly clan)
यं (yám)
whom, which
सह (sáhobhiḥ)
with might, with strength
ईळेन्य (īḷényam)
worthy of praise, to be worshipped
प्रथम (prathamám)
first
मातरिश्व (mātaríśvā)
Matarishvan (a divine being)
दे (devā́ḥ)
gods
ततक्षु (tatakṣuḥ)
they fashioned, they shaped
मनवे (mánave)
for Manu (mankind)
यजत्र (yájatram)
worshipful, to be worshipped
Stanza 10.46.10
यं त्वा॑ दे॒वा द॑धि॒रे ह॑व्य॒वाहं॑ पुरु॒स्पृहो॒ मानु॑षासो॒ यज॑त्रम् | स याम॑न्नग्ने स्तुव॒ते वयो॑ धाः॒ प्र दे॑व॒यन्य॒शसः॒ सं हि पू॒र्वीः ||
yáṁ tvā devā́ dadhiré havyavā́ham puruspŕ̥ho mā́nuṣāso yájatram sá yā́mann agne stuvaté váyo dhāḥ prá devayán yaśásaḥ sáṁ hí pūrvī́ḥ
Agni, whom the gods have made the bearer of offerings, and men the worshipful one. Grant us life, O Agni, when we praise you; then great glorious men will follow.
This verse addresses Agni, acknowledging that both gods and humans have established him as the bearer of offerings and a worthy object of worship. The poet requests Agni to grant vitality and strength to those who praise and worship him. In return, Agni will then receive abundant glory and adoration from many humans.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यं त्वा देवा दधिरे हव्यवाहम yám tvā devā́ḥ dadhiré havyavā́ham (11 syllables)
- B. पुरुस्पृहो मानुषासो यजत्र puruspŕ̥haḥ mā́nuṣāsaḥ yájatram (11 syllables)
- C. स यामन्न अग्ने स्तुवते वयो धा sá yā́man agne stuvaté váyaḥ dhāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. प्र देव यशस सं हि पूर् prá devayán yaśásaḥ sám hí pūrvī́ḥ (11 syllables)
यं (yám)
whom, which
त्वा (tvā)
you
देवा (devā́ḥ)
gods
दधिरे (dadhiré)
they placed, they established
हव्यवाहम (havyavā́ham)
bearer of oblations
पुरुस्पृहो (puruspŕ̥haḥ)
much desired, greatly praised
मानुषासो (mā́nuṣāsaḥ)
men, humans
यजत्र (yájatram)
worshipful, to be worshipped
स (sá)
he
यामन्न (yā́man)
in the course, in the path
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
स्तुवते (stuvaté)
to him who praises
वयो (váyaḥ)
life, vigor, strength
धा (dhāḥ)
give, bestow
प्र (prá)
forward, forth
देव (devayán)
approaching the gods, divine-going
यशस (yaśásaḥ)
glories, splendors
सं (sám)
together, fully
हि (hí)
indeed, verily
पूर् (pūrvī́ḥ)
many, abundant