Select Theme
Select Music
No music available.
Display Settings
Stanza 10.40.1
रथं॒ यान्तं॒ कुह॒ को ह॑ वां नरा॒ प्रति॑ द्यु॒मन्तं॑ सुवि॒ताय॑ भूषति | प्रा॒त॒र्यावा॑णं वि॒भ्वं॑ वि॒शेवि॑शे॒ वस्तो॑र्वस्तो॒र्वह॑मानं धि॒या शमि॑ ||
ráthaṁ yā́ntaṁ kúha kó ha vāṁ narā práti dyumántaṁ suvitā́ya bhūṣati prātaryā́vāṇaṁ vibhvàṁ viśé-viśe vástor-vastor váhamānaṁ dhiyā́ śámi
O heroes (Ashvins), where is your chariot going? Who adorns it for its good journey, for its progress? Who pulls it, moving from dawn, from house to house, from place to place, driven by intention towards the sacrifice?
This verse asks about the journey of a magnificent chariot belonging to the divine twins, the Ashvins. It questions where this chariot is going, who adorns it for its auspicious journey, and who pulls it, seemingly from dawn onwards, to every dwelling, driven by prayer and intent towards the sacrifice.
Meter: Jagati
- A. रथं यान्तं कुह कः ह वां नरा rátham yā́ntam kúha káḥ ha vām narā (12 syllables)
- B. प्रति द्युमन्तं सुविताय भूषति práti dyumántam suvitā́ya bhūṣati (12 syllables)
- C. प्रातर्यावाणं विभ्वं विशे-विशे prātaryā́vāṇam vibhvàm viśé-viśe (12 syllables)
- D. वस्तोर्वस्तोः वஹमानं धिया शमि vástor-vastoḥ váhamānam dhiyā́ śámi (12 syllables)
रथं (rátham)
chariot
यान्तं (yā́ntam)
going
कुह (kúha)
where
कः (káḥ)
who
ह (ha)
indeed
वां (vām)
your
नरा (narā)
O heroes
प्रति (práti)
towards
द्युमन्तं (dyumántam)
radiant, brilliant
सुविताय (suvitā́ya)
for well-being, for prosperity
भूषति (bhūṣati)
adorns, decorates
प्रातर्यावाणं (prātaryā́vāṇam)
traveling at dawn
विभ्वं (vibhvàm)
all-pervading, great
विशे-विशे (viśé-viśe)
to each settlement/people
वस्तोर्वस्तोः (vástor-vastoḥ)
from place to place, from dwelling to dwelling
वஹमानं (váhamānam)
carrying, bringing
धिया (dhiyā́)
by intention, by thought
शमि (śámi)
towards the sacrifice
Stanza 10.40.2
कुह॑ स्विद्दो॒षा कुह॒ वस्तो॑र॒श्विना॒ कुहा॑भिपि॒त्वं क॑रतः॒ कुहो॑षतुः | को वां॑ शयु॒त्रा वि॒धवे॑व दे॒वरं॒ मर्यं॒ न योषा॑ कृणुते स॒धस्थ॒ आ ||
kúha svid doṣā́ kúha vástor aśvínā kúhābhipitváṁ karataḥ kúhoṣatuḥ kó vāṁ śayutrā́ vidháveva deváram máryaṁ ná yóṣā kr̥ṇute sadhástha ā́
Where indeed are you, O Ashvins, at dusk? Where at dawn? Where is your stopping place? Where do you rest at night? Who brings you to your destination, just as a widow approaches her brother-in-law, or a young woman attracts her groom?
The hymn directly addresses the divine twins, the Ashvins, asking about their whereabouts at different times of the day and night. It inquires where they are at dusk, at dawn, where they rest or pause, and who brings them back. The question is framed with a simile: like a widow seeking her deceased husband's brother, or a young woman attracting a groom, who brings the Ashvins to their destination?
Meter: Jagati
- A. कुह स्विद् दोषा कुह वस्तोः अश्विना kúha svit doṣā́ kúha vástoḥ aśvínā (12 syllables)
- B. कुह अभिपित्वं करत कुह ऊषतुः kúha abhipitvám karataḥ kúha ūṣatuḥ (12 syllables)
- C. कः वां शयुत्रा विधवा इव देवरं káḥ vām śayutrā́ vidhávā iva deváram (12 syllables)
- D. मर्यं न योषा कृणुते सधस्थे आ máryam ná yóṣā kr̥ṇute sadhásthe ā́ (12 syllables)
कुह (kúha)
where
स्विद् (svit)
indeed
दोषा (doṣā́)
at dusk, in the evening
कुह (kúha)
where
वस्तोः (vástoḥ)
at dawn, in the morning
अश्विना (aśvínā)
O Ashvins
कुह (kúha)
where
अभिपित्वं (abhipitvám)
stopping place, resting place
करत (karataḥ)
do you make/perform
कुह (kúha)
where
ऊषतुः (ūṣatuḥ)
do you rest, do you dwell
कः (káḥ)
who
वां (vām)
you (dual)
शयुत्रा (śayutrā́)
at the sleeping place, in bed
विधवा (vidhávā)
widow
इव (iva)
like
देवरं (deváram)
husband's brother
मर्यं (máryam)
man, groom
न (ná)
as
योषा (yóṣā)
young woman
कृणुते (kr̥ṇute)
makes (for herself), approaches
सधस्थे (sadhásthe)
in the same place, together
आ (ā́)
towards
Stanza 10.40.3
प्रा॒तर्ज॑रेथे जर॒णेव॒ काप॑या॒ वस्तो॑र्वस्तोर्यज॒ता ग॑च्छथो गृ॒हम् | कस्य॑ ध्व॒स्रा भ॑वथः॒ कस्य॑ वा नरा राजपु॒त्रेव॒ सव॒नाव॑ गच्छथः ||
prātár jarethe jaraṇéva kā́payā vástor-vastor yajatā́ gachatho gr̥hám kásya dhvasrā́ bhavathaḥ kásya vā narā rājaputréva sávanā́va gachathaḥ
O Ashvins, do you sing forth at dawn, like a herald? As worthy of worship, to whose house do you go each morning? Whose ruin do you bring about? And to whose offerings do you come, O heroes, like princes?
This verse addresses the Ashvins directly, acknowledging their early morning activity. It asks them if they 'sing forth' or praise like a herald, and how, being worthy of worship, they arrive at homes each morning. It further probes which entities or beings they bring to ruin and for whose offerings they come, comparing their arrival to that of princes.
Meter: Jagati
- A. प्रातर जरथे जरणा इव कापया prātár jarethe jaraṇā́ iva kā́payā (12 syllables)
- B. वस्तोर्वस्तोः यजता गच्छथः गृहं vástor-vastoḥ yajatā́ gachathaḥ gr̥hám (12 syllables)
- C. कस्य ध्वस्रा भवथः कस्य वा नरा kásya dhvasrā́ bhavathaḥ kásya vā narā (12 syllables)
- D. राजपुत्रा इव सवना अव गच्छथः rājaputrā́ iva sávanā áva gachathaḥ (12 syllables)
प्रातर (prātár)
at dawn, early morning
जरथे (jarethe)
you two sing praises, you two praise
जरणा (jaraṇā́)
herald, praiser
इव (iva)
like
कापया (kā́payā)
with a loud voice, with proclamation
वस्तोर्वस्तोः (vástor-vastoḥ)
from place to place, from dwelling to dwelling
यजता (yajatā́)
worthy of sacrifice, worshipful
गच्छथः (gachathaḥ)
you two go
गृहं (gr̥hám)
house, home
कस्य (kásya)
of whom
ध्वस्रा (dhvasrā́)
destroyers, ruin-bringers
भवथः (bhavathaḥ)
you two become, you two are
कस्य (kásya)
of whom
वा (vā)
or
नरा (narā)
O heroes
राजपुत्रा (rājaputrā́)
like princes, like sons of kings
इव (iva)
like
सवना (sávanā)
libations, offerings
अव (áva)
down
गच्छथः (gachathaḥ)
you two go
Stanza 10.40.4
यु॒वां मृ॒गेव॑ वार॒णा मृ॑ग॒ण्यवो॑ दो॒षा वस्तो॑र्ह॒विषा॒ नि ह्व॑यामहे | यु॒वं होत्रा॑मृतु॒था जुह्व॑ते न॒रेषं॒ जना॑य वहथः शुभस्पती ||
yuvā́m mr̥géva vāraṇā́ mr̥gaṇyávo doṣā́ vástor havíṣā ní hvayāmahe yuváṁ hótrām r̥tuthā́ júhvate naréṣaṁ jánāya vahathaḥ śubhas patī
We call upon you, O Ashvins, with offerings in the morning and evening, like hunters following two wild elephants. You, O heroes, lords of splendor, bring nourishment to the people who worship you at the right times.
The hymn describes how humans call upon the Ashvins with offerings, both morning and evening, comparing this invocation to hunters tracking two wild elephants. It states that the Ashvins, as lords of brilliance, bring sustenance and strength to people who perform their sacrifices at the appointed times.
Meter: Jagati
- A. युवां मृगा इव वारणा मृगण्यवः yuvā́m mr̥gā́ iva vāraṇā́ mr̥gaṇyávaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. दोषा वस्तोः हविषा नि ह्वयामहे doṣā́ vástoḥ havíṣā ní hvayāmahe (12 syllables)
- C. युवं होत्रां ऋतुथा जुह्वते नरा yuvám hótrām r̥tuthā́ júhvate narā (12 syllables)
- D. ईषं जनाय वहथः शुभ पती íṣam jánāya vahathaḥ śubhaḥ patī (12 syllables)
युवां (yuvā́m)
you two
मृगा (mr̥gā́)
elephants
इव (iva)
like
वारणा (vāraṇā́)
elephants
मृगण्यवः (mr̥gaṇyávaḥ)
hunters
दोषा (doṣā́)
in the evening, at night
वस्तोः (vástoḥ)
in the morning
हविषा (havíṣā)
with offerings
नि (ní)
down
ह्वयामहे (hvayāmahe)
we call
युवं (yuvám)
you two
होत्रां (hótrām)
invocations, prayers
ऋतुथा (r̥tuthā́)
at the right times, in order
जुह्वते (júhvate)
who offer
नरा (narā)
O heroes
ईषं (íṣam)
nourishment, food
जनाय (jánāya)
to the people, to mankind
वहथः (vahathaḥ)
you two bring
शुभ (śubhaḥ)
of brilliance, of splendor
पती (patī)
O lords
Stanza 10.40.5
यु॒वां ह॒ घोषा॒ पर्य॑श्विना य॒ती राज्ञ॑ ऊचे दुहि॒ता पृ॒च्छे वां॑ नरा | भू॒तं मे॒ अह्न॑ उ॒त भू॑तम॒क्तवेऽश्वा॑वते र॒थिने॑ शक्त॒मर्व॑ते ||
yuvā́ṁ ha ghóṣā páry aśvinā yatī́ rā́jña ūce duhitā́ pr̥ché vāṁ narā bhūtám me áhna utá bhūtam aktávé 'śvāvate rathíne śaktam árvate
Indeed, Ghoshā, the daughter of a king, approached you, O Ashvins, and said: O heroes, be with me during the day, and be with me at night. I want you to help me obtain a husband who drives a chariot and has horses.
This verse recounts an interaction with Ghoshā, the daughter of a king, who approached the Ashvins. She implored them, as heroes and lords, to be present for her both during the day and at night. Her specific plea was for their help to obtain a chariot-driving husband who possessed many horses, signifying a desire for prosperity and a suitable match.
Meter: Jagati
- A. युवां ह घोषा परि अश्विना यती yuvā́m ha ghóṣā pári aśvinā yatī́ (12 syllables)
- B. राज्ञः ऊचे दुहिता पृच्छे वां नरा rā́jñaḥ ūce duhitā́ pr̥ché vām narā (12 syllables)
- C. भूतं मे अह्ने उत भूतं क्तवे bhūtám me áhne utá bhūtam aktáve (12 syllables)
- D. अश्वावते रथिने शक्तं अर्वते áśvāvate rathíne śaktam árvate (12 syllables)
युवां (yuvā́m)
to you two
ह (ha)
indeed
घोषा (ghóṣā)
Ghoshā (a woman's name)
परि (pári)
around, to
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
यती (yatī́)
going, approaching
राज्ञः (rā́jñaḥ)
of the king
ऊचे (ūce)
said
दुहिता (duhitā́)
daughter
पृच्छे (pr̥ché)
to ask
वां (vām)
you two
नरा (narā)
O heroes
भूतं (bhūtám)
be (imperative, dual)
मे (me)
for me
अह्ने (áhne)
for the day
उत (utá)
and
भूतं (bhūtam)
be (imperative, dual)
क्तवे (aktáve)
for the night
अश्वावते (áśvāvate)
for one who has horses
रथिने (rathíne)
for a chariot-driver, for a man with a chariot
शक्तं (śaktam)
be able (imperative, dual)
अर्वते (árvate)
for a horse
Stanza 10.40.6
यु॒वं क॒वी ष्ठः॒ पर्य॑श्विना॒ रथं॒ विशो॒ न कुत्सो॑ जरि॒तुर्न॑शायथः | यु॒वोर्ह॒ मक्षा॒ पर्य॑श्विना॒ मध्वा॒सा भ॑रत निष्कृ॒तं न योष॑णा ||
yuváṁ kavī́ ṣṭhaḥ páry aśvinā ráthaṁ víśo ná kútso jaritúr naśāyathaḥ yuvór ha mákṣā páry aśvinā mádhv āsā́ bharata niṣkr̥táṁ ná yóṣaṇā
O Ashvins, you are wise. Just as Kutsa comes to people, you bring your chariot near to those who praise you. O Ashvins, the bee brings your sweetness (honey) with its mouth, like a woman brings something pure.
The verse praises the Ashvins as wise beings. It compares their approach to people to that of Kutsa coming to his admirers, stating that the Ashvins bring their chariot near to those who sing their praises. It then uses a simile of a bee carrying honey to describe how the Ashvins bring their 'honey' (perhaps blessings or sweetness) through their actions, akin to a woman carrying something precious.
Meter: Jagati
- A. युवं कवी ष्ठः परि अश्विना रथं yuvám kavī́ sthaḥ pári aśvinā rátham (12 syllables)
- B. विशः न कुत्सो जरितुः नशायथः víśaḥ ná kútsaḥ jaritúḥ naśāyathaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. युवोः ह मक्षा परि अश्विना मध्वा yuvóḥ ha mákṣā pári aśvinā mádhu (12 syllables)
- D. आसा भरत निष्कृतं न योषा āsā́ bharata niṣkr̥tám ná yóṣaṇā (12 syllables)
युवं (yuvám)
you two
कवी (kavī́)
wise ones, seers
ष्ठः (sthaḥ)
you two are
परि (pári)
around, with
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
रथं (rátham)
chariot
विशः (víśaḥ)
people, settlements
न (ná)
like
कुत्सो (kútsaḥ)
Kutsa (a sage)
जरितुः (jaritúḥ)
of the one who praises
नशायथः (naśāyathaḥ)
you two bring near, you two guide
युवोः (yuvóḥ)
of you two
ह (ha)
indeed
मक्षा (mákṣā)
bee
परि (pári)
around, with
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
मध्वा (mádhu)
honey, sweetness
आसा (āsā́)
with the mouth
भरत (bharata)
brings
निष्कृतं (niṣkr̥tám)
purified, prepared
न (ná)
like
योषा (yóṣaṇā)
woman
Stanza 10.40.7
यु॒वं ह॑ भु॒ज्युं यु॒वम॑श्विना॒ वशं॑ यु॒वं शि॒ञ्जार॑मु॒शना॒मुपा॑रथुः | यु॒वो ररा॑वा॒ परि॑ स॒ख्यमा॑सते यु॒वोर॒हमव॑सा सु॒म्नमा च॑के ||
yuváṁ ha bhujyúṁ yuvám aśvinā váśaṁ yuváṁ śiñjā́ram uśánām úpārathuḥ yuvó rárāvā pári sakhyám āsate yuvór ahám ávasā sumnám ā́ cake
O Ashvins, you came to Bhujyu, and you came to Vaśa. You came to Śiñjāra and Uśanā. Your follower gains your friendship. Through your protection, I seek happiness.
The hymn celebrates the Ashvins' benevolent actions, stating they have come to help various individuals: Bhujyu, Vaśa, Śiñjāra, and Uśanā. It emphasizes that the devotee secures their friendship, and the speaker expresses a strong desire to achieve happiness and well-being through their protection and aid.
Meter: Jagati
- A. युवं ह भुज्यं युवं अश्विना वशं yuvám ha bhujyúm yuvám aśvinā váśam (12 syllables)
- B. युवं शिञ्जारं उशनां उपा आरथुः yuvám śiñjā́ram uśánām úpa ārathuḥ (12 syllables)
- C. युवोर ररावा परि सख्यं आसते yuvóḥ árāvā pári sakhyám āsate (12 syllables)
- D. युवोर अहं अवसा सुम्नं आ चके yuvóḥ ahám ávasā sumnám ā́ cake (12 syllables)
युवं (yuvám)
you two
ह (ha)
indeed
भुज्यं (bhujyúm)
Bhujyu (a person)
युवं (yuvám)
you two
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
वशं (váśam)
Vaśa (a person)
युवं (yuvám)
you two
शिञ्जारं (śiñjā́ram)
Śiñjāra (a person)
उशनां (uśánām)
Uśanā (a person)
उपा (úpa)
towards
आरथुः (ārathuḥ)
you two came near, you two approached
युवोर (yuvóḥ)
of you two
ररावा (árāvā)
worshipper, one who calls
परि (pári)
around, concerning
सख्यं (sakhyám)
friendship
आसते (āsate)
sits, obtains, secures
युवोर (yuvóḥ)
of you two
अहं (ahám)
I
अवसा (ávasā)
with protection, with help
सुम्नं (sumnám)
happiness, joy, favour
आ (ā́)
towards
चके (cake)
I seek, I desire
Stanza 10.40.8
यु॒वं ह॑ कृ॒शं यु॒वम॑श्विना श॒युं यु॒वं वि॒धन्तं॑ वि॒धवा॑मुरुष्यथः | यु॒वं स॒निभ्यः॑ स्त॒नय॑न्तमश्वि॒नाप॑ व्र॒जमू॑र्णुथः स॒प्तास्य॑म् ||
yuváṁ ha kr̥śáṁ yuvám aśvinā śayúṁ yuváṁ vidhántaṁ vidhávām uruṣyathaḥ yuváṁ saníbhya stanáyantam aśvinā́pa vrajám ūrṇuthaḥ saptā́syam
O Ashvins, you protect Kr̥iṣa and Śayu. You help the widow and the one performing rites. And you, O Ashvins, open the roaring stall with its seven mouths for those who gain wealth.
This verse highlights the Ashvins' role as protectors and helpers. They are praised for rescuing Kr̥iṣa and Śayu, and specifically for assisting the widow and the one who performs rites ('vidhántam' implies one who offers worship or adheres to rituals). Furthermore, they are credited with opening up the 'vrajá' (stall or pasture) for those who seek prosperity, a stall described as roaring like thunder with its seven mouths.
Meter: Jagati
- A. युवं ह कृशं युवं अश्विना शयुं yuvám ha kr̥śám yuvám aśvinā śayúm (12 syllables)
- B. युवं विधन्तं विधवाम उरुष्यथः yuvám vidhántam vidhávām uruṣyathaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. युवं सनिभ्यः स्तनयन्तं अश्विना yuvám saníbhyaḥ stanáyantam aśvinā (12 syllables)
- D. अप व्रजं ऊर्णुथः सप्तास्यं ápa vrajám ūrṇuthaḥ saptā́syam (12 syllables)
युवं (yuvám)
you two
ह (ha)
indeed
कृशं (kr̥śám)
Kr̥iṣa (a person)
युवं (yuvám)
you two
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
शयुं (śayúm)
Śayu (a person)
युवं (yuvám)
you two
विधन्तं (vidhántam)
one who performs rites, one who offers
विधवाम (vidhávām)
widow
उरुष्यथः (uruṣyathaḥ)
you two protect, you two save
युवं (yuvám)
you two
सनिभ्यः (saníbhyaḥ)
for those who gain wealth
स्तनयन्तं (stanáyantam)
roaring, thundering
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
अप (ápa)
away, open
व्रजं (vrajám)
stall, pasture
ऊर्णुथः (ūrṇuthaḥ)
you two open, you two uncover
सप्तास्यं (saptā́syam)
with seven mouths
Stanza 10.40.9
जनि॑ष्ट॒ योषा॑ प॒तय॑त्कनीन॒को वि चारु॑हन्वी॒रुधो॑ दं॒सना॒ अनु॑ | आस्मै॑ रीयन्ते निव॒नेव॒ सिन्ध॑वो॒ऽस्मा अह्ने॑ भवति॒ तत्प॑तित्व॒नम् ||
jániṣṭa yóṣā patáyat kanīnakó ví cā́ruhan vīrúdho daṁsánā ánu ā́smai rīyante nivanéva síndhavo 'smā́ áhne bhavati tát patitvanám
The woman gave birth, the young child appeared. Beautiful plants grew up. Rivers flow towards him as if into a deep channel. And today he becomes the master and lord of all.
This verse describes a powerful event: a woman has given birth, and a child has appeared. Simultaneously, plants of great beauty have sprung up. It poetically states that rivers flow towards this new entity as if drawn down a slope, and that on this day, it becomes the master and lord of all, symbolizing creation and new beginnings.
Meter: Jagati
- A. जनिष्ट योषा पतयत् कनीनकः jániṣṭa yóṣā patáyat kanīnakáḥ (12 syllables)
- B. वि च आरुहन् दंसेना अनु ví ca áruhan vīrúdhaḥ daṃsánāḥ ánu (12 syllables)
- C. आ आस्मै रीयन्ते निवना इव सिन्धवो ā́ asmai rīyante nivanā́ iva síndhavaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अस्मा अह्ने भवति तत् पतित्वनं asmaí áhne bhavati tát patitvanám (12 syllables)
जनिष्ट (jániṣṭa)
gave birth, was born
योषा (yóṣā)
woman
पतयत् (patáyat)
caused to fall, made appear
कनीनकः (kanīnakáḥ)
young child, infant
वि (ví)
apart, forth
च (ca)
and
आरुहन् (áruhan)
grew, ascended
(vīrúdhaḥ)
दंसेना (daṃsánāḥ)
wondrous, amazing
अनु (ánu)
along, after
आ (ā́)
towards
आस्मै (asmai)
to him
रीयन्ते (rīyante)
flow, run
निवना (nivanā́)
deep descent, valley
इव (iva)
like
सिन्धवो (síndhavaḥ)
rivers
अस्मा (asmaí)
to him
अह्ने (áhne)
on this day
भवति (bhavati)
becomes
तत् (tát)
that
पतित्वनं (patitvanám)
mastery, lordship
Stanza 10.40.10
जी॒वं रु॑दन्ति॒ वि म॑यन्ते अध्व॒रे दी॒र्घामनु॒ प्रसि॑तिं दीधियु॒र्नरः॑ | वा॒मं पि॒तृभ्यो॒ य इ॒दं स॑मेरि॒रे मयः॒ पति॑भ्यो॒ जन॑यः परि॒ष्वजे॑ ||
jīváṁ rudanti ví mayante adhvaré dīrghā́m ánu prásitiṁ dīdhiyur náraḥ vāmám pitŕ̥bhyo yá idáṁ sameriré máyaḥ pátibhyo jánayaḥ pariṣváje
They lament the living, and are scattered in the sacrifice; men have set their long thoughts upon the future. A joy for the fathers who have gathered here, and for wives embracing their husbands.
This verse reflects on human actions and desires in the context of a sacrifice. It mentions that people mourn the living and are dissipated ('mayante') during the ritual, focusing their long-term thoughts. It then contrasts this with the joy that fathers who have gathered, and wives who embrace their husbands, find in their efforts and progeny.
Meter: Jagati
- A. जीवं रुदन्ति वि मयन्ते अध्वरे jīvám rudanti ví mayante adhvaré (12 syllables)
- B. दीर्घां अनु प्रसिं दीधियुः नरः dīrghā́m ánu prásitim dīdhiyuḥ náraḥ (12 syllables)
- C. वामं पितृभ्यो ये इदं समेरिरे vāmám pitŕ̥bhyaḥ yé idám sameriré (12 syllables)
- D. मयः पतिभ्यः जनयः परिश्वजे máyaḥ pátibhyaḥ jánayaḥ pariṣváje (12 syllables)
जीवं (jīvám)
living (person)
रुदन्ति (rudanti)
they cry, they lament
वि (ví)
apart, scattered
मयन्ते (mayante)
they are dispersed, they are confused
अध्वरे (adhvaré)
in the sacrifice, in the ritual
दीर्घां (dīrghā́m)
long
अनु (ánu)
following, towards
प्रसिं (prásitim)
direction, extension, future
दीधियुः (dīdhiyuḥ)
they have set, they have fixed
नरः (náraḥ)
men
वामं (vāmám)
lovely, desirable
पितृभ्यो (pitŕ̥bhyaḥ)
for the fathers
ये (yé)
who
इदं (idám)
this
समेरिरे (sameriré)
have gathered, have collected
मयः (máyaḥ)
joy, delight
पतिभ्यः (pátibhyaḥ)
for the husbands
जनयः (jánayaḥ)
wives, women
परिश्वजे (pariṣváje)
for embracing
Stanza 10.40.11
न तस्य॑ विद्म॒ तदु॒ षु प्र वो॑चत॒ युवा॑ ह॒ यद्यु॑व॒त्याः क्षेति॒ योनि॑षु | प्रि॒योस्रि॑यस्य वृष॒भस्य॑ रे॒तिनो॑ गृ॒हं ग॑मेमाश्विना॒ तदु॑श्मसि ||
ná tásya vidma tád u ṣú prá vocata yúvā ha yád yuvatyā́ḥ kṣéti yóniṣu priyósriyasya vr̥ṣabhásya retíno gr̥háṁ gamemāśvinā tád uśmasi
We do not know about that. Tell us! Where does the youth dwell in the chambers of the young woman? O Ashvins, we wish to reach the home of the strong bull who loves the cows; this is what we desire.
The speaker admits ignorance about a certain matter ('tásya'). They ask the Ashvins to reveal it. The verse then describes a scenario where a youth resides in the dwelling of a young woman. The speaker expresses a strong desire, akin to reaching the home of a vigorous bull that loves cows, to reach the dwelling of this 'bull-like' youth, seeking their help to do so.
Meter: Jagati
- A. न तस्य विद्म तद् उ सु प्र वोचत ná tásya vidma tát u sú prá vocata (12 syllables)
- B. युवा ह यद् युवत्याः क्षिति योनिषु yúvā ha yát yuvatyā́ḥ kṣéti yóniṣu (12 syllables)
- C. प्रियोऽयस्य वृषभस्य रेतिनो priyósriyasya vr̥ṣabhásya retínaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. गृहं गमेम अश्विना तद् उश्मसि gr̥hám gamema aśvinā tát uśmasi (12 syllables)
न (ná)
not
तस्य (tásya)
of that
विद्म (vidma)
we know
तद् (tát)
that
उ (u)
indeed
सु (sú)
well
प्र (prá)
forth
वोचत (vocata)
speak, declare (imperative, plural)
युवा (yúvā)
youth
ह (ha)
indeed
यद् (yát)
when, where
युवत्याः (yuvatyā́ḥ)
of the young woman
क्षिति (kṣéti)
dwells, resides
योनिषु (yóniṣu)
in the places, in the chambers
प्रियोऽयस्य (priyósriyasya)
beloved, dear one
वृषभस्य (vr̥ṣabhásya)
of the bull
रेतिनो (retínaḥ)
potent, vigorous, with seed
गृहं (gr̥hám)
house, home
गमेम (gamema)
may we go
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
तद् (tát)
that
उश्मसि (uśmasi)
we desire, we wish
Stanza 10.40.12
आ वा॑मगन्त्सुम॒तिर्वा॑जिनीवसू॒ न्य॑श्विना हृ॒त्सु कामा॑ अयंसत | अभू॑तं गो॒पा मि॑थु॒ना शु॑भस्पती प्रि॒या अ॑र्य॒म्णो दुर्याँ॑ अशीमहि ||
ā́ vām agan sumatír vājinīvasū ny àśvinā hr̥tsú kā́mā ayaṁsata ábhūtaṁ gopā́ mithunā́ śubhas patī priyā́ aryamṇó dúryām̐ aśīmahi
Your favorable grace, O Ashvins, lords of abundant wealth, has come to us. Our desires are in your hearts. You have become our dual protectors, O lords of splendor. May we reach the home of Aryaman, as welcome friends.
This verse expresses gratitude for the arrival of the Ashvins' favorable grace, calling them 'lords of abundant wealth'. It states that the desires of the devotees are held within the Ashvins' hearts. The Ashvins are invoked as 'lords of brilliance' who have become a dual protector. The speaker then wishes to reach the abode of Aryaman, a deity associated with companionship and hospitality, as welcomed friends.
Meter: Jagati
- A. आ वाम अगन् सुमतिः वाजिनीवसू ā́ vām agan sumatíḥ vājinīvasū (12 syllables)
- B. नि अश्विना हृत्सु कामा अयंसत ní aśvinā hr̥tsú kā́māḥ ayaṃsata (12 syllables)
- C. अभूतं गोपा मिथूना शुभ पती ábhūtam gopā́ mithunā́ śubhaḥ patī (12 syllables)
- D. प्रिया अर्यम्णः दुर्याँ अशीमहि priyā́ḥ aryamṇáḥ dúryān aśīmahi (12 syllables)
आ (ā́)
towards
वाम (vām)
your
अगन् (agan)
came
सुमतिः (sumatíḥ)
good will, favour, grace
वाजिनीवसू (vājinīvasū)
O possessors of abundant wealth
नि (ní)
down, into
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
हृत्सु (hr̥tsú)
in the hearts
कामा (kā́māḥ)
desires, wishes
अयंसत (ayaṃsata)
were placed, were held
अभूतं (ábhūtam)
you two became
गोपा (gopā́)
guardians, protectors
मिथूना (mithunā́)
pair, dual
शुभ (śubhaḥ)
of brilliance, of splendor
पती (patī)
O lords
प्रिया (priyā́ḥ)
dear, beloved
अर्यम्णः (aryamṇáḥ)
of Aryaman (a deity of hospitality/friendship)
दुर्याँ (dúryān)
abode, dwelling
अशीमहि (aśīmahi)
may we reach, may we attain
Stanza 10.40.13
ता म॑न्दसा॒ना मनु॑षो दुरो॒ण आ ध॒त्तं र॒यिं स॒हवी॑रं वच॒स्यवे॑ | कृ॒तं ती॒र्थं सु॑प्रपा॒णं शु॑भस्पती स्था॒णुं प॑थे॒ष्ठामप॑ दुर्म॒तिं ह॑तम् ||
tā́ mandasānā́ mánuṣo duroṇá ā́ dhattáṁ rayíṁ sahávīraṁ vacasyáve kr̥táṁ tīrtháṁ suprapāṇáṁ śubhas patī sthāṇúm patheṣṭhā́m ápa durmatíṁ hatam
O Ashvins, rejoicing in the homes of humans, grant wealth and heroic sons to the eloquent. Make a safe ford and a place for drinking well, O lords of splendor. Remove the obstructive stump from the path.
The verse asks the Ashvins, who are rejoicing in human dwellings, to bestow riches and heroic sons upon the eloquent. They are urged to create a safe ford and a well-drinkable place, acting as lords of brilliance. They are also implored to remove obstacles, like a stubborn stump in the path, which represents misfortune or hindrance.
Meter: Jagati
- A. ता मन्दसाना मनुषो दुरोणे आ tā́ mandasānā́ mánuṣaḥ duroṇé ā́ (12 syllables)
- B. धत्तं रयिं सहवीरे वचस्यवे dhattám rayím sahávīram vacasyáve (12 syllables)
- C. कृतं तीर्थं सुप्रपाणं शुभ पती kr̥tám tīrthám suprapāṇám śubhaḥ patī (12 syllables)
- D. स्थाणुं पथेष्ठाम अप दुर्मतिं हतं sthāṇúm patheṣṭhā́m ápa durmatím hatam (12 syllables)
ता (tā́)
those two
मन्दसाना (mandasānā́)
rejoicing, delighting
मनुषो (mánuṣaḥ)
of man, of humans
दुरोणे (duroṇé)
in the dwelling, in the house
आ (ā́)
into
धत्तं (dhattám)
place, put, grant (imperative, dual)
रयिं (rayím)
wealth, riches
सहवीरे (sahávīram)
with heroic sons, with strong men
वचस्यवे (vacasyáve)
for the eloquent speaker
कृतं (kr̥tám)
make, create (imperative, dual)
तीर्थं (tīrthám)
ford, crossing place
सुप्रपाणं (suprapāṇám)
easy to drink from, accessible for drinking
शुभ (śubhaḥ)
of brilliance, of splendor
पती (patī)
O lords
स्थाणुं (sthāṇúm)
stump, post
पथेष्ठाम (patheṣṭhā́m)
standing in the path
अप (ápa)
away
दुर्मतिं (durmatím)
misfortune, ill-will, hostile
हतं (hatam)
kill, remove (imperative, dual)
Stanza 10.40.14
क्व॑ स्विद॒द्य क॑त॒मास्व॒श्विना॑ वि॒क्षु द॒स्रा मा॑दयेते शु॒भस्पती॑ | क ईं॒ नि ये॑मे कत॒मस्य॑ जग्मतु॒र्विप्र॑स्य वा॒ यज॑मानस्य वा गृ॒हम् ||
kvà svid adyá katamā́sv aśvínā vikṣú dasrā́ mādayete śubhás pátī ká īṁ ní yeme katamásya jagmatur víprasya vā yájamānasya vā gr̥hám
Where indeed today, and with which people, O Ashvins, wonder-workers, lords of splendor, do you delight yourselves? Who has detained you? To whose house have you gone? To the house of a sage or of a worshipper?
This verse is a series of questions directed at the Ashvins, inquiring about their current location and companions. The speaker asks where, with which people ('vikṣu'), and with whom they are delighting themselves today. They wonder who has detained them and to whose house—be it a sage ('vipra') or a worshipper ('yajamāna')—they have gone.
Meter: Jagati
- A. क्व स्विद् अद्य कतमासु अश्विना kvà svit adyá katamā́su aśvínā (12 syllables)
- B. विक्षु दस्त्रा मादयते शुभ पती vikṣú dasrā́ mādayete śubháḥ pátī (12 syllables)
- C. क ईं नि येमे कतमस्य जग्मतुः káḥ īm ní yeme katamásya jagmatuḥ (12 syllables)
- D. विप्रस्य वा यजमानस्य वा गृहं víprasya vā yájamānasya vā gr̥hám (12 syllables)
क्व (kvà)
where
स्विद् (svit)
indeed
अद्य (adyá)
today
कतमासु (katamā́su)
in which
अश्विना (aśvínā)
O Ashvins
विक्षु (vikṣú)
among the people, in the settlements
दस्त्रा (dasrā́)
wonder-workers, destroyers of evil
मादयते (mādayete)
you two delight
शुभ (śubháḥ)
of splendor, of brilliance
पती (pátī)
O lords
क (káḥ)
who
ईं (īm)
them
नि (ní)
down, here
येमे (yeme)
detained, held
कतमस्य (katamásya)
of which
जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ)
they went, they arrived
विप्रस्य (víprasya)
of the sage, of the priest
वा (vā)
or
यजमानस्य (yájamānasya)
of the sacrificer, of the worshipper
वा (vā)
or
गृहं (gr̥hám)
house, home