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Stanza 10.2.1
पि॒प्री॒हि दे॒वाँ उ॑श॒तो य॑विष्ठ वि॒द्वाँ ऋ॒तूँर्ऋ॑तुपते यजे॒ह | ये दैव्या॑ ऋ॒त्विज॒स्तेभि॑रग्ने॒ त्वं होतॄ॑णाम॒स्याय॑जिष्ठः ||
piprīhí devā́m̐ uśató yaviṣṭha vidvā́m̐ r̥tū́m̐r r̥tupate yajehá yé daívyā r̥tvíjas tébhir agne tváṁ hótr̥r̥ṇām asy ā́yajiṣṭhaḥ
O most youthful Agni, lord of seasons, please the desiring gods! Knowing the seasons, bring them here with the divine priests. You are the best invoker among all.
This verse is an invocation to Agni, the most youthful and potent deity, as the 'lord of seasons'. The worshipper implores Agni to please the gods who desire offerings, and to bring them, along with celestial priests, to the sacrifice. Agni is praised as the supreme invoker, best equipped to perform this sacred duty.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. पि॒प्री॒हि दे॒वाँ उ॒श॒तो यविष्ठ piprīhí devā́n uśatáḥ yaviṣṭha (11 syllables)
- B. वि॒द्वाँ ऋ॒तून् ऋ॒तुपते यजे॒ह इ॒ह vidvā́n r̥tū́n r̥tupate yaja ihá (11 syllables)
- C. ये दै॒व्या ऋ॒त्विज तेभि अग्ने yé daívyāḥ r̥tvíjaḥ tébhiḥ agne (11 syllables)
- D. त्वं होतॄ अस्या यजिष्ठः tvám hótr̥̄ṇām asi ā́yajiṣṭhaḥ (12 syllables)
पि॒प्री॒हि (piprīhí)
fill, satisfy, gladden
दे॒वाँ (devā́n)
gods
उ॒श॒तो (uśatáḥ)
desiring, longing
यविष्ठ (yaviṣṭha)
most youthful
वि॒द्वाँ (vidvā́n)
knowing
ऋ॒तून् (r̥tū́n)
seasons, cosmic order
ऋ॒तुपते (r̥tupate)
lord of seasons
यजे॒ह (yaja)
worship, sacrifice
इ॒ह (ihá)
here
ये (yé)
who
दै॒व्या (daívyāḥ)
divine
ऋ॒त्विज (r̥tvíjaḥ)
priests, ritual performers
तेभि (tébhiḥ)
with them
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
त्वं (tvám)
you
होतॄ (hótr̥̄ṇām)
of the invokers
अस्या (asi)
are
यजिष्ठः (ā́yajiṣṭhaḥ)
most proficient in sacrifice
Stanza 10.2.2
वेषि॑ हो॒त्रमु॒त पो॒त्रं जना॑नां मन्धा॒तासि॑ द्रविणो॒दा ऋ॒तावा॑ | स्वाहा॑ व॒यं कृ॒णवा॑मा ह॒वींषि॑ दे॒वो दे॒वान्य॑जत्व॒ग्निरर्ह॑न् ||
véṣi hotrám utá potráṁ jánānām mandhātā́si draviṇodā́ r̥tā́vā svā́hā vayáṁ kr̥ṇávāmā havī́ṁṣi devó devā́n yajatv agnír árhan
You have the roles of the people's invoker and purifier. You are a great thinker, a giver of wealth, and one who upholds order. Let us make offerings with 'Svaha'. May Agni, the worthy god, worship the gods.
This verse describes Agni's roles and capabilities. He is said to possess the functions of both the 'hotri' (offerer/invoker) and the 'pтри' (purifier) for humanity. Agni is also recognized as a thinker, a giver of wealth, and a upholder of cosmic order. The worshippers express their intention to offer oblations, and invoke Agni to worship the gods on their behalf, acknowledging his worthiness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वेषि हो॒त्रमु उ॒त पो॒त्रं जना véṣi hotrám utá potrám jánānām (11 syllables)
- B. मन्धा॒तासि असि द्रविणो॒दा ऋ॒तावा mandhātā́ asi draviṇodā́ḥ r̥tā́vā (11 syllables)
- C. स्वाहा व॒यं कृ॒णवा॑मा ह॒वींषि svā́hā vayám kr̥ṇávāma + havī́ṃṣi (11 syllables)
- D. दे॒वो दे॒वान य॑जत्व अग्निर र्ह deváḥ devā́n yajatu agníḥ árhan (11 syllables)
वेषि (véṣi)
you possess, you have
हो॒त्रमु (hotrám)
the function of the invoker
उ॒त (utá)
and
पो॒त्रं (potrám)
the function of the purifier
जना (jánānām)
of the people
मन्धा॒तासि (mandhātā́)
thinker, one who considers
असि (asi)
you are
द्रविणो॒दा (draviṇodā́ḥ)
giver of wealth
ऋ॒तावा (r̥tā́vā)
upholder of truth/order
स्वाहा (svā́hā)
an exclamation of offering
व॒यं (vayám)
we
कृ॒णवा॑मा (kr̥ṇávāma +)
let us make
ह॒वींषि (havī́ṃṣi)
offerings
दे॒वो (deváḥ)
god
दे॒वान (devā́n)
gods
य॑जत्व (yajatu)
let him worship
अग्निर (agníḥ)
Agni
र्ह (árhan)
worthy, deserving
Stanza 10.2.3
आ दे॒वाना॒मपि॒ पन्था॑मगन्म॒ यच्छ॒क्नवा॑म॒ तदनु॒ प्रवो॑ळ्हुम् | अ॒ग्निर्वि॒द्वान्त्स य॑जा॒त्सेदु॒ होता॒ सो अ॑ध्व॒रान्त्स ऋ॒तून्क॑ल्पयाति ||
ā́ devā́nām ápi pánthām aganma yác chaknávāma tád ánu právoḷhum agnír vidvā́n sá yajāt séd u hótā só adhvarā́n sá r̥tū́n kalpayāti
We have arrived at the path of the gods, ready to perform what we can. Let the wise Agni worship; he is the priest who knows the sacrifices and the seasons.
The verse expresses the worshippers' arrival at a divine path, ready to perform their duties. They acknowledge Agni's knowledge and request him to lead the ritual. Agni is identified as the officiating priest ('hotri') who knows the correct procedures and is capable of establishing the seasons and rituals, signifying his role in maintaining cosmic and sacrificial order.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ दे॒वाना आ पन्था अमगन्म ā́ devā́nām ápi pánthām aganma (11 syllables)
- B. य च्छ॒क्नवा॑मा त अनु प्रवो॑ळ्हुम् yát śaknávāma tát ánu právoḷhum (11 syllables)
- C. अ॒ग्नि वि॒द्वान स य॑जात् स इ उ हो॒ता agníḥ vidvā́n sá yajāt sá ít u hótā (11 syllables)
- D. स अध्व॒रान स ऋ॒तून् कल्पयाति sáḥ adhvarā́n sáḥ r̥tū́n kalpayāti (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
towards
दे॒वाना (devā́nām)
of the gods
आ (ápi)
to
पन्था (pánthām)
path
अमगन्म (aganma)
we have come
य (yát)
what
च्छ॒क्नवा॑मा (śaknávāma)
we are able
त (tát)
that
अनु (ánu)
along
प्रवो॑ळ्हुम् (právoḷhum)
to carry forward, to accomplish
अ॒ग्नि (agníḥ)
Agni
वि॒द्वान (vidvā́n)
knowing
स (sá)
he
य॑जात् (yajāt)
let him worship
स (sá)
he
इ (ít)
indeed
उ (u)
and
हो॒ता (hótā)
invoker, priest
स (sáḥ)
he
अध्व॒रान (adhvarā́n)
sacrifices
स (sáḥ)
he
ऋ॒तून् (r̥tū́n)
seasons, order
कल्पयाति (kalpayāti)
he establishes, arranges
Stanza 10.2.4
यद्वो॑ व॒यं प्र॑मि॒नाम॑ व्र॒तानि॑ वि॒दुषां॑ देवा॒ अवि॑दुष्टरासः | अ॒ग्निष्टद्विश्व॒मा पृ॑णाति वि॒द्वान्येभि॑र्दे॒वाँ ऋ॒तुभिः॑ क॒ल्पया॑ति ||
yád vo vayám praminā́ma vratā́ni vidúṣāṁ devā áviduṣṭarāsaḥ agníṣ ṭád víśvam ā́ pr̥ṇāti vidvā́n yébhir devā́m̐ r̥túbhiḥ kalpáyāti
When we, who are ignorant, transgress your commands, O gods, wise Agni fulfills everything. He knows how to worship the gods with the proper seasons.
This verse addresses a potential lapse in ritual observance. The worshippers admit that they might have failed in their duties ('vratani') towards the gods, perhaps due to ignorance. However, they find solace in Agni, the wise one, who is capable of rectifying all shortcomings. Agni, with his knowledge, ensures that the gods are properly worshipped according to the right seasons.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यद्व वो व॒यं प्रमि॒नाम व्र॒तानि yát vaḥ vayám praminā́ma vratā́ni (11 syllables)
- B. वि॒दुषा देवा अवि॑दुष्टरासः vidúṣām devāḥ áviduṣṭarāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अ॒ग्नि त वि॒श्व आ पृ॒णाति वि॒द्वान agníḥ tát víśvam ā́ pr̥ṇāti vidvā́n (11 syllables)
- D. येभि दे॒वाँ ऋ॒तुभि कल्पयाति yébhiḥ devā́n r̥túbhiḥ kalpáyāti (11 syllables)
यद्व (yát)
when
वो (vaḥ)
your
व॒यं (vayám)
we
प्रमि॒नाम (praminā́ma)
we transgress, we fail
व्र॒तानि (vratā́ni)
vows, observances
वि॒दुषा (vidúṣām)
of those who know
देवा (devāḥ)
O gods
अवि॑दुष्टरासः (áviduṣṭarāsaḥ)
most ignorant
अ॒ग्नि (agníḥ)
Agni
त (tát)
that
वि॒श्व (víśvam)
everything
आ (ā́)
completely
पृ॒णाति (pr̥ṇāti)
he fills, he fulfills
वि॒द्वान (vidvā́n)
knowing
येभि (yébhiḥ)
with which
दे॒वाँ (devā́n)
gods
ऋ॒तुभि (r̥túbhiḥ)
with seasons
कल्पयाति (kalpáyāti)
he arranges, makes suitable
Stanza 10.2.5
यत्पा॑क॒त्रा मन॑सा दी॒नद॑क्षा॒ न य॒ज्ञस्य॑ मन्व॒ते मर्त्या॑सः | अ॒ग्निष्टद्धोता॑ क्रतु॒विद्वि॑जा॒नन्यजि॑ष्ठो दे॒वाँ ऋ॑तु॒शो य॑जाति ||
yát pākatrā́ mánasā dīnádakṣā ná yajñásya manvaté mártyāsaḥ agníṣ ṭád dhótā kratuvíd vijānán yájiṣṭho devā́m̐ r̥tuśó yajāti
When mortals, with weak minds and poor understanding, do not properly think of the sacrifice, then Agni, the knowing priest, the best worshipper, worships the gods at the right time.
This verse contrasts the ritualistic actions of ignorant mortals with the perfect performance of Agni. When humans, with their weak minds and limited understanding, fail to properly contemplate or perform the sacrifice ('yajñasyam'), Agni, the knowledgeable and foremost priest, steps in. He understands the procedures and worships the gods according to the correct timings, ensuring the sacrifice's success.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यत् पा॒क॒त्रा मन॑सा दी॒नद॑क्षा yát pākatrā́ mánasā dīnádakṣāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. न य॒ज्ञस्य मन्व॒ते मर्त्या॑सः ná yajñásya manvaté mártyāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अ॒ग्नि त होता क्रतु॒वि विजा॒नन agníḥ tát hótā kratuvít vijānán (11 syllables)
- D. यजि॑ष्ठो दे॒वाँ ऋ॒तुश य॑जाति yájiṣṭhaḥ devā́n r̥tuśás yajāti (11 syllables)
यत् (yát)
when
पा॒क॒त्रा (pākatrā́)
weak, dull
मन॑सा (mánasā)
with mind
दी॒नद॑क्षा (dīnádakṣāḥ)
of feeble capacity/understanding
न (ná)
not
य॒ज्ञस्य (yajñásya)
of the sacrifice
मन्व॒ते (manvaté)
they think, they understand
मर्त्या॑सः (mártyāsaḥ)
mortals
अ॒ग्नि (agníḥ)
Agni
त (tát)
that
होता (hótā)
invoker, priest
क्रतु॒वि (kratuvít)
wise in ritual
विजा॒नन (vijānán)
understanding
यजि॑ष्ठो (yájiṣṭhaḥ)
best worshipper
दे॒वाँ (devā́n)
gods
ऋ॒तुश (r̥tuśás)
seasonally, according to the seasons
य॑जाति (yajāti)
he worships
Stanza 10.2.6
विश्वे॑षां॒ ह्य॑ध्व॒राणा॒मनी॑कं चि॒त्रं के॒तुं जनि॑ता त्वा ज॒जान॑ | स आ य॑जस्व नृ॒वती॒रनु॒ क्षाः स्पा॒र्हा इषः॑ क्षु॒मती॑र्वि॒श्वज॑न्याः ||
víśveṣāṁ hy àdhvarā́ṇām ánīkaṁ citráṁ ketúṁ jánitā tvā jajā́na sá ā́ yajasva nr̥vátīr ánu kṣā́ spārhā́ íṣaḥ kṣumátīr viśvájanyāḥ
Because the Father created you, the brilliant banner and leader of all sacrifices, therefore, O Agni, perform worship for us. Grant us heroic homes, desirable and nourishing food for all people.
This verse praises Agni as the brilliant leader and banner of all sacrifices, stating that the Father (creator) produced him for this purpose. The worshipper then invokes Agni to perform sacrifices that will secure comfortable and hero-filled dwellings ('nr̥vatih kṣāh') and provide nourishing food for all people ('viśvajanyah'). Agni is called upon to achieve these desirable outcomes through his worship.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विश्वे॑षा ह अध्व॒राणा अनीकं víśveṣām hí adhvarā́ṇām ánīkam (11 syllables)
- B. चि॒त्रं के॒तुं जनि॑ता त्वा ज॒जान citrám ketúm jánitā tvā jajā́na (11 syllables)
- C. स आ य॑जस्व नृ॒वती अनु क्षा sáḥ ā́ yajasva nr̥vátīḥ ánu kṣā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. स्पा॒र्हा इष क्षु॒मती विश्वज॑न्या spārhā́ḥ íṣaḥ kṣumátīḥ viśvájanyāḥ (11 syllables)
विश्वे॑षा (víśveṣām)
of all
ह (hí)
indeed
अध्व॒राणा (adhvarā́ṇām)
of sacrifices
अनीकं (ánīkam)
leader, front
चि॒त्रं (citrám)
brilliant, wonderful
के॒तुं (ketúm)
banner, sign
जनि॑ता (jánitā)
creator, father
त्वा (tvā)
you
ज॒जान (jajā́na)
created, begot
स (sáḥ)
he
आ (ā́)
towards
य॑जस्व (yajasva)
may you worship
नृ॒वती (nr̥vátīḥ)
heroic, strong
अनु (ánu)
along
क्षा (kṣā́ḥ)
dwellings, earths
स्पा॒र्हा (spārhā́ḥ)
desirable, longed-for
इष (íṣaḥ)
food, nourishment
क्षु॒मती (kṣumátīḥ)
nourishing, vigorous
विश्वज॑न्या (viśvájanyāḥ)
for all people
Stanza 10.2.7
यं त्वा॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी यं त्वाप॒स्त्वष्टा॒ यं त्वा॑ सु॒जनि॑मा ज॒जान॑ | पन्था॒मनु॑ प्रवि॒द्वान्पि॑तृ॒याणं॑ द्यु॒मद॑ग्ने समिधा॒नो वि भा॑हि ||
yáṁ tvā dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ yáṁ tvā́pas tváṣṭā yáṁ tvā sujánimā jajā́na pánthām ánu pravidvā́n pitr̥yā́ṇaṁ dyumád agne samidhānó ví bhāhi
Agni, whom Sky and Earth, the Waters, and the craftsman Tvashṭar created; knowing the father's path, O Agni, shine brightly, enkindled.
This verse extols Agni's divine origin and his knowledge of the sacred path. It states that Agni was created by various divine forces: the Sky and Earth, the Waters, and Tvashṭar, the divine craftsman. Fully aware of the 'father's path' (the ancestral way of worship), the enkindled Agni is urged to shine brightly, signifying his readiness and capability to lead the divine rites.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यं त्वा द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी यं त्वा आप yám tvā dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ yám tvā ā́paḥ (11 syllables)
- B. त्वष्टा यं त्वा सुजनि॑मा ज॒जान tváṣṭā yám tvā sujánimā jajā́na (11 syllables)
- C. पन्था अनु प्रवि॒द्वान पि॒तृयाणं pánthām ánu pravidvā́n pitr̥yā́ṇam (11 syllables)
- D. द्यु॒मद अग्ने समिधा॒नो वि भा dyumát agne samidhānáḥ ví bhāhi (11 syllables)
यं (yám)
whom
त्वा (tvā)
you
द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
Sky and Earth
यं (yám)
whom
त्वा (tvā)
you
आप (ā́paḥ)
waters
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvashṭar, the craftsman
यं (yám)
whom
त्वा (tvā)
you
सुजनि॑मा (sujánimā)
good creator
ज॒जान (jajā́na)
created
पन्था (pánthām)
path
अनु (ánu)
following
प्रवि॒द्वान (pravidvā́n)
knowing well
पि॒तृयाणं (pitr̥yā́ṇam)
ancestral path
द्यु॒मद (dyumát)
radiant, glorious
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
समिधा॒नो (samidhānáḥ)
enkindled, consecrated
वि (ví)
brightly
भा (bhāhi)
shine