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Stanza 10.20.1
भ॒द्रं नो॒ अपि॑ वातय॒ मनः॑ ||
bhadráṁ no ápi vātaya mánaḥ
May a good mind be sent to us.
This verse is a prayer for positive mental disposition. The speaker asks for a favorable and auspicious mind to be sent to them, suggesting a desire for mental clarity, peace, and well-being.
Meter:
- A. भद्रं नः अपि वातय मनः bhadrám naḥ ápi vātaya mánaḥ (10 syllables)
भद्रं (bhadrám)
auspicious, good
नः (naḥ)
to us
अपि (ápi)
towards
वातय (vātaya)
send, blow
मनः (mánaḥ)
mind, thought
Stanza 10.20.2
अ॒ग्निमी॑ळे भु॒जां यवि॑ष्ठं शा॒सा मि॒त्रं दु॒र्धरी॑तुम् | यस्य॒ धर्म॒न्त्स्व१॒॑रेनीः॑ सप॒र्यन्ति॑ मा॒तुरूधः॑ ||
agním īḷe bhujā́ṁ yáviṣṭhaṁ śāsā́ mitráṁ durdhárītum yásya dhárman svàr énīḥ saparyánti mātúr ū́dhaḥ
I praise Agni, the youngest, the mightiest, the friend of laws. Under whose protection and light, the spotted ones seek the mother's source of sustenance.
The verse is a hymn of praise to Agni, the fire god, describing him as the youngest and most powerful of the gods. He is seen as a friend of divine laws and order, under whose protection and radiant presence, the 'spotted' (perhaps referring to celestial beings or phenomena) seek nourishment from the 'mother' (likely Earth or a cosmic source).
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. अग्निम् ईळे भुजाम् यविष्ठं agním īḷe bhujā́m yáviṣṭham (9 syllables)
- B. शासा मित्रं दुर्धरीतुं śāsā́ mitrám durdhárītum (8 syllables)
- C. यस्य धर्मन् स्वः एनीः yásya dhárman svàr énīḥ (7 syllables)
- D. सपर्यन्ति मातुः ऊधः saparyánti mātúḥ ū́dhar (8 syllables)
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni (the fire god)
ईळे (īḷe)
I praise, I worship
भुजाम् (bhujā́m)
strength, support (in plural, possibly 'of strengths')
यविष्ठं (yáviṣṭham)
youngest, most vigorous
शासा (śāsā́)
by instruction, by law
मित्रं (mitrám)
friend
दुर्धरीतुं (durdhárītum)
difficult to be resisted, unassailable
यस्य (yásya)
whose
धर्मन् (dhárman)
in the domain, under the protection
स्वः (svàr)
light, radiance
एनीः (énīḥ)
spotted, dark ones (referring to beings or phenomena)
सपर्यन्ति (saparyánti)
they serve, they worship
मातुः (mātúḥ)
of the mother
ऊधः (ū́dhar)
breast, source of nourishment
Stanza 10.20.3
यमा॒सा कृ॒पनी॑ळं भा॒साके॑तुं व॒र्धय॑न्ति | भ्राज॑ते॒ श्रेणि॑दन् ||
yám āsā́ kr̥pánīḷam bhāsā́ketuṁ vardháyanti bhrā́jate śréṇidan
Whom they magnify with their mouths, whose banner is flame, who has a home in light. He shines with his luminous form.
This verse describes Agni being magnified and praised through speech ('mouth') and by his radiant form ('banner of flame'). He is also depicted as having a 'home in light' and is further enhanced by his luminous appearance ('glitters with his row of teeth', likely referring to his fiery rays).
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यम् आसा कृपनीळं yám āsā́ kr̥pánīḷam (7 syllables)
- B. भासाकेतुं वर्धयन्ति bhāsā́ketum vardháyanti (8 syllables)
- C. भ्राजते श्रेणिदन् bhrā́jate śréṇidan (7 syllables)
यम् (yám)
whom
आसा (āsā́)
by the mouth, by utterance
कृपनीळं (kr̥pánīḷam)
having a home of desire or compassion
भासाकेतुं (bhāsā́ketum)
having a banner of light/flame
वर्धयन्ति (vardháyanti)
they make grow, they magnify
भ्राजते (bhrā́jate)
he shines, he gleams
श्रेणिदन् (śréṇidan)
having a row of teeth (metaphor for radiating light)
Stanza 10.20.4
अ॒र्यो वि॒शां गा॒तुरे॑ति॒ प्र यदान॑ड्दि॒वो अन्ता॑न् | क॒विर॒भ्रं दीद्या॑नः ||
aryó viśā́ṁ gātúr eti prá yád ā́naḍ divó ántān kavír abhráṁ dī́dyānaḥ
The protector of peoples, he comes, when he has reached the ends of the sky, the wise one, illuminating the clouds.
Agni is invoked as a protector and enabler of humanity ('kind', 'furtherer of men'). He is described as a wise being ('Sage') who reaches the highest realms ('ends of heaven') and illuminates the clouds, perhaps signifying his role in bringing rain and life.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अर्यः विशाम् गातुर एति aryáḥ viśā́m gātúḥ eti (8 syllables)
- B. प्र यत् आनड् दिवः अन्तान् prá yát ā́naṭ diváḥ ántān (8 syllables)
- C. कविः अभ्रं दीद्यानः kavíḥ abhrám dī́dyānaḥ (8 syllables)
अर्यः (aryáḥ)
protector, lord
विशाम् (viśā́m)
of the people, of settlements
गातुर (gātúḥ)
path, way, course
एति (eti)
he comes, he goes
प्र (prá)
forward, forth
यत् (yát)
when, as
आनड् (ā́naṭ)
he reached, he attained
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky, of the heavens
अन्तान् (ántān)
ends, boundaries
कविः (kavíḥ)
sage, seer, poet
अभ्रं (abhrám)
cloud
दीद्यानः (dī́dyānaḥ)
shining, gleaming
Stanza 10.20.5
जु॒षद्ध॒व्या मानु॑षस्यो॒र्ध्वस्त॑स्था॒वृभ्वा॑ य॒ज्ञे | मि॒न्वन्त्सद्म॑ पु॒र ए॑ति ||
juṣád dhavyā́ mā́nuṣasyordhvás tasthāv ŕ̥bhvā yajñé minván sádma purá eti
Accepting the offerings of mortals, the strong one has risen up; establishing his place, he moves forward.
Agni is depicted as accepting and relishing the offerings ('havyā́') of humans ('mā́nuṣasya'). He is described as strong and powerful ('ūrdhváḥ', 'ŕ̥bhvā'), having risen up at the sacrifice. He is also shown to be establishing his presence ('fixing his dwelling') and moving forward to fulfill his role.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. जुषत् हव्या मानु_षस्य juṣát havyā́ mā́nuṣasya (8 syllables)
- B. ऊर्ध्वः तस्थौ ऋभ्वा यज्ञे ūrdhváḥ tasthau ŕ̥bhvā yajñé (8 syllables)
- C. मिन्वन् सद्म पुरः एति minván sádma purás eti (8 syllables)
जुषत् (juṣát)
accepting, approving
हव्या (havyā́)
offerings
मानु_षस्य (mā́nuṣasya)
of mortals, human
ऊर्ध्वः (ūrdhváḥ)
upright, erect, risen
तस्थौ (tasthau)
he stood, he remained
ऋभ्वा (ŕ̥bhvā)
strong, skillful, energetic
यज्ञे (yajñé)
in the sacrifice
मिन्वन् (minván)
reaching, filling, satisfying
सद्म (sádma)
seat, dwelling, abode
पुरः (purás)
forward, in front
एति (eti)
he goes, he comes
Stanza 10.20.6
स हि क्षेमो॑ ह॒विर्य॒ज्ञः श्रु॒ष्टीद॑स्य गा॒तुरे॑ति | अ॒ग्निं दे॒वा वाशी॑मन्तम् ||
sá hí kṣémo havír yajñáḥ śruṣṭī́d asya gātúr eti agníṁ devā́ vā́śīmantam
He is indeed stability, offering, and sacrifice. Rapidly comes his success. The gods approach Agni, who is armed with the 'vāśī'.
This verse identifies Agni with various positive aspects of ritual and existence: he is the stability ('kṣémaḥ'), the offering ('havíḥ'), and the sacrifice ('yajñáḥ'). His progress is swift and brings prosperity ('śruṣṭī́d'). The gods are said to approach Agni, who is armed with 'vāśīmantam' (a weapon or attribute signifying power, perhaps a thunderbolt or sword).
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स हि क्षेमः हविः यज्ञः sá hí kṣémaḥ havíḥ yajñáḥ (8 syllables)
- B. श्रुष्टी इत् अस्य गातुरेति एति śruṣṭī́ ít asya gātúḥ eti (8 syllables)
- C. अग्निं देवाः वाशीमन्तम् agním devā́ḥ vā́śīmantam (8 syllables)
स (sá)
he
हि (hí)
indeed, truly
क्षेमः (kṣémaḥ)
stability, rest, protection
हविः (havíḥ)
offering
यज्ञः (yajñáḥ)
sacrifice
श्रुष्टी (śruṣṭī́)
with ease, rapidly, successfully
इत् (ít)
and, indeed
अस्य (asya)
his
गातुरेति (gātúḥ)
progress, path, attainment
एति (eti)
he comes, he goes
अग्निं (agním)
Agni (the fire god)
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
वाशीमन्तम् (vā́śīmantam)
armed with the 'vāśī' (a powerful implement/weapon)
Stanza 10.20.7
य॒ज्ञा॒साहं॒ दुव॑ इषे॒ऽग्निं पूर्व॑स्य॒ शेव॑स्य | अद्रेः॑ सू॒नुमा॒युमा॑हुः ||
yajñāsā́haṁ dúva iṣe 'gním pū́rvasya śévasya ádreḥ sūnúm āyúm āhuḥ
I seek, with service, Agni, the Lord of Sacrifice, the son of the rock/cloud, the life-giver, for the greatest bliss.
The speaker expresses a desire to reach or serve the 'Lord of Sacrifice' (Agni) for ultimate well-being and bliss. Agni is identified as the 'son of the cloud' ('ádreḥ sūnúm') and also as 'āyúm' (life-giver or enduring one), and is described as having a previous or inherent 'śévasya' (bliss or favor).
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यज्ञा_साहं दुवः इषे yajñāsā́ham dúvaḥ iṣe (8 syllables)
- B. अग्निं पूर्वस्य शेवस्य agním pū́rvasya śévasya (8 syllables)
- C. अद्रेः सूनुम् आयुं आहुः ádreḥ sūnúm āyúm āhuḥ (8 syllables)
यज्ञा_साहं (yajñāsā́ham)
one who accomplishes sacrifice, Lord of Sacrifice
दुवः (dúvaḥ)
service, worship
इषे (iṣe)
I seek, I aim for
अग्निं (agním)
Agni (the fire god)
पूर्वस्य (pū́rvasya)
of the former, of the ancient
शेवस्य (śévasya)
of bliss, of welfare, of favor
अद्रेः (ádreḥ)
of the rock, of the cloud (rock is an epithet for cloud)
सूनुम् (sūnúm)
son
आयुं (āyúm)
life-giver, enduring one
आहुः (āhuḥ)
they say, they call
Stanza 10.20.8
नरो॒ ये के चा॒स्मदा विश्वेत्ते वा॒म आ स्युः॑ | अ॒ग्निं ह॒विषा॒ वर्ध॑न्तः ||
náro yé ké cāsmád ā́ víśvét té vāmá ā́ syuḥ agníṁ havíṣā várdhantaḥ
May all the men who are from us and who magnify Agni with offerings be blessed.
This verse expresses a wish for all individuals ('men') who are connected to the speaker ('come from us') and who actively participate in the worship of Agni ('magnify Agni with sacrificial gifts'), to be blessed and prosperous. It emphasizes the positive outcome of devotion and community.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. नरो ये के च अस्मत् आ náraḥ yé ké ca asmát ā́ (8 syllables)
- B. विश्वा इत् ते वामे आ स्युः víśvā ít té vāmé ā́ syuḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अग्निं हविषा वर्धन्तः agním havíṣā várdhantaḥ (8 syllables)
नरो (náraḥ)
men, heroes
ये (yé)
who
के (ké)
and whoever
च (ca)
and
अस्मत् (asmát)
from us
आ (ā́)
unto, towards
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
इत् (ít)
indeed, verily
ते (té)
they
वामे (vāmé)
in good fortune, in prosperity
आ (ā́)
unto, towards
स्युः (syuḥ)
may they be
अग्निं (agním)
Agni (the fire god)
हविषा (havíṣā)
with offerings
वर्धन्तः (várdhantaḥ)
magnifying, increasing
Stanza 10.20.9
कृ॒ष्णः श्वे॒तो॑ऽरु॒षो यामो॑ अस्य ब्र॒ध्न ऋ॒ज्र उ॒त शोणो॒ यश॑स्वान् | हिर॑ण्यरूपं॒ जनि॑ता जजान ||
kr̥ṣṇáḥ śvetò 'ruṣó yā́mo asya bradhná r̥jrá utá śóṇo yáśasvān híraṇyarūpaṁ jánitā jajāna
His path is black, white, red, striped, brown, crimson, and glorious. His father begat him with a golden form.
Agni's path or manifestation is described with a spectrum of colors: black, white, red, striped, brown, crimson, and glorious. This imagery likely represents his diverse forms and influences, from the dark clouds to radiant light. The verse concludes by stating that his 'sire' (father, possibly the sky or a divine progenitor) begat him with a golden appearance.
Meter:
- A. कृष्णः श्वेतः अरुषः यामो अस्य kr̥ṣṇáḥ śvetáḥ aruṣáḥ yā́maḥ asya (11 syllables)
- B. बध्न ऋज्र उत शोणः यशस्वान् bradhnáḥ r̥jráḥ utá śóṇaḥ yáśasvān (11 syllables)
- C. हिरण्यरूपं जनिता जजान híraṇyarūpam jánitā jajāna (11 syllables)
कृष्णः (kr̥ṣṇáḥ)
black
श्वेतः (śvetáḥ)
white
अरुषः (aruṣáḥ)
red, ruddy
यामो (yā́maḥ)
path, course, stride
अस्य (asya)
his
बध्न (bradhnáḥ)
brown, tawny
ऋज्र (r̥jráḥ)
straight, swift, bright
उत (utá)
and, also
शोणः (śóṇaḥ)
crimson, reddish
यशस्वान् (yáśasvān)
glorious, renowned
हिरण्यरूपं (híraṇyarūpam)
having a golden form
जनिता (jánitā)
father, begetter
जजान (jajāna)
he begat, he produced
Stanza 10.20.10
ए॒वा ते॑ अग्ने विम॒दो म॑नी॒षामूर्जो॑ नपाद॒मृते॑भिः स॒जोषाः॑ | गिर॒ आ व॑क्षत्सुम॒तीरि॑या॒न इष॒मूर्जं॑ सुक्षि॒तिं विश्व॒माभाः॑ ||
evā́ te agne vimadó manīṣā́m ū́rjo napād amŕ̥tebhiḥ sajóṣāḥ gíra ā́ vakṣat sumatī́r iyāná íṣam ū́rjaṁ sukṣitíṁ víśvam ā́bhāḥ
Thus, O Agni, Son of Strength, with the immortals, Vimada has brought his thoughts and hymns to you. May you bring us favor, food, strength, and a prosperous dwelling.
This verse is a prayer to Agni, addressed as 'Son of Strength' ('ū́rjaḥ napāt'). The speaker (Vimada) states that he has offered hymns ('gíraḥ') with his thoughts ('manīṣā́m') to Agni, in conjunction with the immortals ('amŕ̥tebhiḥ sajóṣāḥ'). The prayer is for Agni to bring them favor ('sumatī́ḥ') and provide them with sustenance, strength, and a prosperous dwelling.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ते अग्ने वि मदः मनीषाम् evá + te agne vimadáḥ manīṣā́m (11 syllables)
- B. ऊर्जः नपात् अमृतेभिः सजोषाः ū́rjaḥ napāt amŕ̥tebhiḥ sajóṣāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. गिरः आ वक्षत् सुमतीः इयानः gíraḥ ā́ vakṣat sumatī́ḥ iyānáḥ (11 syllables)
- D. इषम् ऊर्जं सुक्षितिं विश्वं आ अभार íṣam ū́rjam sukṣitím víśvam ā́ abhār (11 syllables)
(evá +)
ते (te)
to you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
वि मदः (vimadáḥ)
Vimada (a sage or person)
मनीषाम् (manīṣā́m)
thoughts, intentions
ऊर्जः (ū́rjaḥ)
of strength, of power
नपात् (napāt)
son
अमृतेभिः (amŕ̥tebhiḥ)
with the immortals
सजोषाः (sajóṣāḥ)
sharing the same food/enjoyment, in accord
गिरः (gíraḥ)
hymns, praises
आ (ā́)
hither, towards
वक्षत् (vakṣat)
may he bring, may he carry
सुमतीः (sumatī́ḥ)
good favor, good will
इयानः (iyānáḥ)
having come, proceeding
इषम् (íṣam)
food, nourishment
ऊर्जं (ū́rjam)
strength, vigor
सुक्षितिं (sukṣitím)
good dwelling, prosperous abode
विश्वं (víśvam)
all, entire
आ (ā́)
hither, towards
अभार (abhār)
you brought (you have brought)