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Stanza 10.149.1
स॒वि॒ता य॒न्त्रैः पृ॑थि॒वीम॑रम्णादस्कम्भ॒ने स॑वि॒ता द्याम॑दृंहत् | अश्व॑मिवाधुक्ष॒द्धुनि॑म॒न्तरि॑क्षम॒तूर्ते॑ ब॒द्धं स॑वि॒ता स॑मु॒द्रम् ||
savitā́ yantraíḥ pr̥thivī́m aramṇād askambhané savitā́ dyā́m adr̥ṁhat áśvam ivādhukṣad dhúnim antárikṣam atū́rte baddháṁ savitā́ samudrám
Savitr, with instruments, fastened the earth; Savitr, without support, strengthened the sky. He drove the atmosphere like a restless horse, and bound the ocean that had been unleashed.
The deity Savitr is depicted as the establisher of the cosmos. He is credited with firmly securing the earth with invisible restraints and strengthening the heavens, which have no visible support. He is also described as having 'milked' or drawn forth the atmosphere, like a restless horse being driven, and bound the ocean in its place. This signifies Savitr's power in organizing and containing the fundamental elements of the universe.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सविता यन्त्रैः पृथ्वीम अरम्णात् savitā́ yantraíḥ pr̥thivī́m aramṇāt (11 syllables)
- B. अस्कम्भने सविता द्याम अदृंहत् askambhané savitā́ dyā́m adr̥ṃhat (11 syllables)
- C. अश्वम इव अधुक्षत् धुनिम अन्तरिक्षम áśvam iva adhukṣat dhúnim antárikṣam (11 syllables)
- D. अतूर्ते बद्धम सविता समुद्रम atū́rte baddhám savitā́ samudrám (11 syllables)
सविता (savitā́)
Savitr
यन्त्रैः (yantraíḥ)
by means of instruments or restraints
पृथ्वीम (pr̥thivī́m)
the earth
अरम्णात् (aramṇāt)
he fastened, secured
अस्कम्भने (askambhané)
in its un-supported state, without prop
सविता (savitā́)
Savitr
द्याम (dyā́m)
the sky, heaven
अदृंहत् (adr̥ṃhat)
he made firm, strengthened
अश्वम (áśvam)
a horse
इव (iva)
like, as if
अधुक्षत् (adhukṣat)
he milked, drew forth
धुनिम (dhúnim)
the atmosphere, the moving air
अन्तरिक्षम (antárikṣam)
the intermediate space, atmosphere
अतूर्ते (atū́rte)
in the unbound state, when not broken
बद्धम (baddhám)
bound, restrained
सविता (savitā́)
Savitr
समुद्रम (samudrám)
the ocean, sea
Stanza 10.149.2
यत्रा॑ समु॒द्रः स्क॑भि॒तो व्यौन॒दपां॑ नपात्सवि॒ता तस्य॑ वेद | अतो॒ भूरत॑ आ॒ उत्थि॑तं॒ रजोऽतो॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॑प्रथेताम् ||
yátrā samudrá skabhitó vy aúnad ápāṁ napāt savitā́ tásya veda áto bhū́r áta ā útthitaṁ rájó 'to dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ aprathetām
Where the ocean, once fixed, overflowed, Savitr, son of the waters, knows that place. From there arose the dust (earthly realm); from there, heaven and earth spread out.
This stanza praises Savitr's knowledge of the cosmic order, particularly concerning the ocean's boundaries. It states that Savitr, also referred to as the 'son of the waters' (Apām Napāt), knows where the ocean, once set firm, overflowed. From this point of overflow, the universe ('earth' in the sense of matter or the lower realm) originated, and from it, the heavens and earth expanded. This highlights Savitr's role as a divine overseer and source of cosmic creation and expansion.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यत्रा समुद्रः स्कभि॑तः वि व्यौनत् yátra + samudráḥ skabhitáḥ ví aúnat (11 syllables)
- B. अपाम् नपात् सविता तस्य वेद ápām napāt savitā́ tásya veda (11 syllables)
- C. अतो भूत अतो आ उत्थितं रज átas bhū́ḥ átas āḥ útthitam rájaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अतो द्यावापृथ्वी अप्रथेताम् átas dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ aprathetām (11 syllables)
यत्रा (yátra +)
where
समुद्रः (samudráḥ)
the ocean
स्कभि॑तः (skabhitáḥ)
fixed, propped up
वि (ví)
apart, out (prefix)
व्यौनत् (aúnat)
he caused to flow over, overflowed
अपाम् (ápām)
of the waters
नपात् (napāt)
son (epithet of Agni or Savitr)
सविता (savitā́)
Savitr
तस्य (tásya)
of that
वेद (veda)
he knows
अतो (átas)
from there
भूत (bhū́ḥ)
birth, origin (here referring to the earthly realm)
अतो (átas)
from there
आ (āḥ)
it arose, came forth
उत्थितं (útthitam)
risen up, established
रज (rájaḥ)
dust, the lower atmosphere, the earth
अतो (átas)
from there
द्यावापृथ्वी (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
heaven and earth
अप्रथेताम् (aprathetām)
they expanded, spread out
Stanza 10.149.3
प॒श्चेदम॒न्यद॑भव॒द्यज॑त्र॒मम॑र्त्यस्य॒ भुव॑नस्य भू॒ना | सु॒प॒र्णो अ॒ङ्ग स॑वि॒तुर्ग॒रुत्मा॒न्पूर्वो॑ जा॒तः स उ॑ अ॒स्यानु॒ धर्म॑ ||
paścédám anyád abhavad yájatram ámartyasya bhúvanasya bhūnā́ suparṇó aṅgá savitúr garútmān pū́rvo jātáḥ sá u asyā́nu dhárma
After that, this other, divine realm came into being with fullness. Savitr's eagle, powerful and swift, born first, now follows his order.
Following the initial creation, another divine realm, the 'immortal realm' (amartyasya bhuvanasya), came into existence with fullness and abundance ('bhūna'). A swift, powerful being, described as Savitr's 'eagle' (suparna), who possesses great wings ('garutman') and was born first, now follows Savitr's divine order ('dharma'). This suggests a progression of cosmic creation, with the emergence of higher realms and the establishment of beings that uphold cosmic law.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. पश्चेत् इदम् अन्यद अभवत् यAzure paścā́ idám anyát abhavat yájatram (11 syllables)
- B. अमर्त्यस्य भुवनस्य भूम्ना ámartyasya bhúvanasya bhūnā́ (11 syllables)
- C. सुपर्ण अङ्ग सवित्तुः गरुत्मान् suparṇáḥ aṅgá savitúḥ garútmān (11 syllables)
- D. पूर्व जातः स उ अस्य अनु धर्म pū́rvaḥ jātáḥ sáḥ u asya ánu dhárma (11 syllables)
पश्चेत् (paścā́)
afterwards, then
इदम् (idám)
this
अन्यद (anyát)
another, other
अभवत् (abhavat)
it came to be, it became
यAzure (yájatram)
worshipful, divine
अमर्त्यस्य (ámartyasya)
of the immortal
भुवनस्य (bhúvanasya)
of the world, realm
भूम्ना (bhūnā́)
with fullness, abundance
सुपर्ण (suparṇáḥ)
eagle, a swift bird (symbolic of speed and power)
अङ्ग (aṅgá)
indeed, truly (particle)
सवित्तुः (savitúḥ)
of Savitr
गरुत्मान् (garútmān)
having great wings, powerful
पूर्व (pū́rvaḥ)
first, before
जातः (jātáḥ)
born
स (sáḥ)
he
उ (u)
and, also (particle)
अस्य (asya)
his
अनु (ánu)
according to, in accordance with
धर्म (dhárma)
law, order, duty
Stanza 10.149.4
गाव॑ इव॒ ग्रामं॒ यूयु॑धिरि॒वाश्वा॑न्वा॒श्रेव॑ व॒त्सं सु॒मना॒ दुहा॑ना | पति॑रिव जा॒याम॒भि नो॒ न्ये॑तु ध॒र्ता दि॒वः स॑वि॒ता वि॒श्ववा॑रः ||
gā́va iva grā́maṁ yū́yudhir ivā́śvān vāśréva vatsáṁ sumánā dúhānā pátir iva jāyā́m abhí no ny ètu dhartā́ diváḥ savitā́ viśvávāraḥ
May Savitr, the bearer of heaven and giver of all blessings, come to us, just as kine go to their village, warriors to their horses, a calf to its mother, and a husband to his wife, with joy.
This verse is a prayer invoking Savitr to approach the speaker and their group with favor. The invocation is framed using several similes that illustrate eager and affectionate reunions: like cows returning to their village, horses to their riders, a calf to its mother cow, and a wife to her husband. Savitr is described as the 'bearer of heaven' and the 'lord of all blessings,' implying that his arrival brings stability, prosperity, and divine favor.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. गाव इव ग्रामम यूयुधिः इव अश्वान् gā́vaḥ iva grā́mam yū́yudhiḥ iva áśvān (11 syllables)
- B. वाश्रेव इव वत्सम सुमना दुहाना vāśrā́ iva vatsám sumánāḥ dúhānā (11 syllables)
- C. पति इव जाय अभि न नि एतु pátiḥ iva jāyā́m abhí naḥ ní etu (11 syllables)
- D. धर्ता दिव सविता विश्ववार dhartā́ diváḥ savitā́ viśvávāraḥ (11 syllables)
गाव (gā́vaḥ)
cows
इव (iva)
like, as
ग्रामम (grā́mam)
to the village
यूयुधिः (yū́yudhiḥ)
warriors, fighters (here referring to the connection between warriors and their horses)
इव (iva)
like, as
अश्वान् (áśvān)
horses
वाश्रेव (vāśrā́)
a milch cow
इव (iva)
like, as
वत्सम (vatsám)
the calf
सुमना (sumánāḥ)
joyful, well-disposed
दुहाना (dúhānā)
milking, giving milk
पति (pátiḥ)
husband, lord
इव (iva)
like, as
जाय (jāyā́m)
to the wife
अभि (abhí)
towards, to
न (naḥ)
us
नि (ní)
down, hither (prefix)
एतु (etu)
may he come
धर्ता (dhartā́)
the supporter, sustainer
दिव (diváḥ)
of the sky, heaven
सविता (savitā́)
Savitr
विश्ववार (viśvávāraḥ)
bestower of all blessings, all-encompassing
Stanza 10.149.5
हिर॑ण्यस्तूपः सवित॒र्यथा॑ त्वाङ्गिर॒सो जु॒ह्वे वाजे॑ अ॒स्मिन् | ए॒वा त्वार्च॒न्नव॑से॒ वन्द॑मानः॒ सोम॑स्येवां॒शुं प्रति॑ जागरा॒हम् ||
híraṇyastūpaḥ savitar yáthā tvāṅgirasó juhvé vā́je asmín evā́ tvā́rcann ávase vándamānaḥ sómasyevāṁśúm práti jāgarāhám
O Savitr, just as Hiranyastupa called upon you in this abundance, even so, while praising and worshipping you for protection, I intently watch for you as for the Soma juice.
The speaker invokes Savitr, comparing their own prayer to that of the sage Hiranyastupa. Just as Hiranyastupa called upon Savitr in a time of abundance ('vaje asmin'), the speaker now calls upon Savitr, praising and worshipping him ('arcan', 'vandamana') for protection ('avase'). The speaker expresses a deep eagerness, watching intently for Savitr's favor as one anticipates the crucial Soma juice ('aṃśum'). This highlights the personal and devotional aspect of the hymn, seeking Savitr's presence and aid.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. हिरण्यस्तूपः सवितर यथा त्वा híraṇyastūpaḥ savitar yáthā tvā (11 syllables)
- B. आङ्गिरस जुह्वे वाजे अस्मिन् āṅgirasáḥ juhvé vā́je asmín (11 syllables)
- C. एव त्वा अर्चन् अवसे वन्दमानः evá + tvā árcan ávase vándamānaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. सोमस्य इव अंशुं प्रति जागरा अहम् sómasya iva aṃśúm práti jāgara ahám (11 syllables)
हिरण्यस्तूपः (híraṇyastūpaḥ)
Hiranyastupa (a sage)
सवितर (savitar)
O Savitr
यथा (yáthā)
as, just as
त्वा (tvā)
you (accusative)
आङ्गिरस (āṅgirasáḥ)
son of Angiras, a sage (referring to Hiranyastupa)
जुह्वे (juhvé)
he called, invoked
वाजे (vā́je)
in abundance, in sustenance, in the fray
अस्मिन् (asmín)
in this
एव (evá +)
so, thus, also
त्वा (tvā)
you (accusative)
अर्चन् (árcan)
praising, celebrating
अवसे (ávase)
for protection, for help
वन्दमानः (vándamānaḥ)
worshipping, adoring
सोमस्य (sómasya)
of Soma (the divine plant and its juice)
इव (iva)
like, as
अंशुं (aṃśúm)
stalk, ray, essence (referring to Soma juice)
प्रति (práti)
towards
जागरा (jāgara)
I watch, I am awake
अहम् (ahám)
I