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Stanza 10.139.1
सूर्य॑रश्मि॒र्हरि॑केशः पु॒रस्ता॑त्सवि॒ता ज्योति॒रुद॑याँ॒ अज॑स्रम् | तस्य॑ पू॒षा प्र॑स॒वे या॑ति वि॒द्वान्त्स॒म्पश्य॒न्विश्वा॒ भुव॑नानि गो॒पाः ||
sū́ryaraśmir hárikeśaḥ purástāt savitā́ jyótir úd ayām̐ ájasram tásya pūṣā́ prasavé yāti vidvā́n sampáśyan víśvā bhúvanāni gopā́ḥ
The sun-rayed, golden-haired Savitr has risen in the east with eternal light. Wise Pūṣan moves in his power, observing all worlds like a protector.
This verse describes the Sun deity, Savitr, as having a golden complexion and radiating light like the sun's rays. It states that Savitr's brilliance is eternal and that the deity Pūṣan, who is wise, moves within Savitr's power, observing all the worlds like a guardian.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सूर्य॑रश्मिः हरि॑केशः पुरस्ता॑त् sū́ryaraśmiḥ hárikeśaḥ purástāt (11 syllables)
- B. सविता॑ ज्योतिः उत् अया॑न् अज॑स्त्रम् savitā́ jyótiḥ út ayān ájasram (11 syllables)
- C. तस्य॑ पूषा प्रसवे याति विद्वान् tásya pūṣā́ prasavé yāti vidvā́n (11 syllables)
- D. सम्पा॑श्यन् विश्वा भुव॑नानि गोपाः sampáśyan víśvā bhúvanāni gopā́ḥ (11 syllables)
सूर्य॑रश्मिः (sū́ryaraśmiḥ)
having sun-rays
हरि॑केशः (hárikeśaḥ)
golden-haired
पुरस्ता॑त् (purástāt)
in the east, eastward
सविता॑ (savitā́)
the sun-god, impeller
ज्योतिः (jyótiḥ)
light, radiance
उत् (út)
up
अया॑न् (ayān)
rose, ascended
अज॑स्त्रम् (ájasram)
eternal, unfailing
तस्य॑ (tásya)
his
पूषा (pūṣā́)
Pūṣan (a solar deity, nourisher)
प्रसवे (prasavé)
in the impulse, under the influence
याति (yāti)
goes, moves
विद्वान् (vidvā́n)
knowing, wise
सम्पा॑श्यन् (sampáśyan)
seeing, observing
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
भुव॑नानि (bhúvanāni)
worlds, existences
गोपाः (gopā́ḥ)
guardian, protector
Stanza 10.139.2
नृ॒चक्षा॑ ए॒ष दि॒वो मध्य॑ आस्त आपप्रि॒वान्रोद॑सी अ॒न्तरि॑क्षम् | स वि॒श्वाची॑र॒भि च॑ष्टे घृ॒ताची॑रन्त॒रा पूर्व॒मप॑रं च के॒तुम् ||
nr̥cákṣā eṣá divó mádhya āsta āpaprivā́n ródasī antárikṣam sá viśvā́cīr abhí caṣṭe ghr̥tā́cīr antarā́ pū́rvam áparaṁ ca ketúm
This being, who watches humanity, sits in the midst of the sky, filling the two worlds and the atmosphere. He observes all radiant sights that spread between the east and west.
This verse describes Savitr as a divine being who sits in the midst of the sky, filling the heavens and the atmosphere. He is a watcher of humanity and surveys all-encompassing, radiant sights, located between the eastern and western boundaries.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. नृचक्षा॑ एष दिवः मध्य आस्ते nr̥cákṣāḥ eṣá diváḥ mádhye āste (11 syllables)
- B. आपप्रि॑वान् रोद॑सी अन्तरि॑क्षम् āpaprivā́n ródasī antárikṣam (11 syllables)
- C. स विश्वाचीः अभि चष्टे घृताचीः sá viśvā́cīḥ abhí caṣṭe ghr̥tā́cīḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अन्त॑रा पूर्वम अपरं च केतुम् antarā́ pū́rvam áparam ca ketúm (11 syllables)
नृचक्षा॑ (nr̥cákṣāḥ)
watching men
एष (eṣá)
this
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
मध्य (mádhye)
in the middle
आस्ते (āste)
sits
आपप्रि॑वान् (āpaprivā́n)
having filled
रोद॑सी (ródasī)
sky and earth
अन्तरि॑क्षम् (antárikṣam)
the atmosphere, space between
स (sá)
he
विश्वाचीः (viśvā́cīḥ)
all-embracing
अभि (abhí)
towards, upon
चष्टे (caṣṭe)
sees, beholds
घृताचीः (ghr̥tā́cīḥ)
shining, radiant, rich
अन्त॑रा (antarā́)
between
पूर्वम (pū́rvam)
eastern
अपरं (áparam)
western
च (ca)
and
केतुम् (ketúm)
banner, sign, light
Stanza 10.139.3
रा॒यो बु॒ध्नः सं॒गम॑नो॒ वसू॑नां॒ विश्वा॑ रू॒पाभि च॑ष्टे॒ शची॑भिः | दे॒व इ॑व सवि॒ता स॒त्यध॒र्मेन्द्रो॒ न त॑स्थौ सम॒रे धना॑नाम् ||
rāyó budhnáḥ saṁgámano vásūnāṁ víśvā rūpā́bhí caṣṭe śácībhiḥ devá iva savitā́ satyádharméndro ná tasthau samaré dhánānām
He is the foundation of wealth, the assembler of riches. With his powers, he sees all forms. Like a god with true law, Savitr stands in the battle for wealth, just like Indra.
Savitr is presented as the foundation of wealth and the gatherer of all riches. With his powers, he perceives all forms and phenomena. Like a divine being with an unwavering law, Savitr stands firm in the contest for wealth, much like the powerful Indra.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. रायः बुध्नः संगम॑नः वसू॑नाम् rāyáḥ budhnáḥ saṃgámanaḥ vásūnām (11 syllables)
- B. विश्वा रूपा अभि चष्टे शची॑भिः víśvā rūpā́ abhí caṣṭe śácībhiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. देवः इव सविता सत्यध॒र्मा deváḥ iva savitā́ satyádharmā (11 syllables)
- D. इन्द्रः न तस्थौ सम॑रे धना॑नाम् índraḥ ná tasthau samaré dhánānām (11 syllables)
रायः (rāyáḥ)
of wealth
बुध्नः (budhnáḥ)
foundation, bottom
संगम॑नः (saṃgámanaḥ)
gatherer, assembler
वसू॑नाम् (vásūnām)
of treasures, riches
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
रूपा (rūpā́)
forms
अभि (abhí)
upon, towards
चष्टे (caṣṭe)
sees, beholds
शची॑भिः (śácībhiḥ)
with powers, might
देवः (deváḥ)
god
इव (iva)
like, as
सविता (savitā́)
the sun-god, impeller
सत्यध॒र्मा (satyádharmā)
having true law, righteous
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra (king of gods)
न (ná)
like, as
तस्थौ (tasthau)
stood
सम॑रे (samaré)
in battle, in assembly
धना॑नाम् (dhánānām)
of wealth, spoils
Stanza 10.139.4
वि॒श्वाव॑सुं सोम गन्ध॒र्वमापो॑ ददृ॒शुषी॒स्तदृ॒तेना॒ व्या॑यन् | तद॒न्ववै॒दिन्द्रो॑ रारहा॒ण आ॑सां॒ परि॒ सूर्य॑स्य परि॒धीँर॑पश्यत् ||
viśvā́vasuṁ soma gandharvám ā́po dadr̥śúṣīs tád r̥ténā vy āā̀yan tád anvávaid índro rārahāṇá āsām pári sū́ryasya paridhī́m̐r apaśyat
When the waters saw Viśvavasu, the Gandharva, O Soma, they moved away with you. Following them, Indra, moving swiftly, saw the boundaries of the sun.
This verse describes an event involving Soma, the Gandharva (a celestial being) named Viśvavasu, and the waters. The waters, having seen Viśvavasu, moved away with Soma. Indra, following closely and swiftly, observed the waters' movement and then looked at the boundaries of the sun.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विश्वा॑वसुं सोम गन्ध॒र्वम आपः viśvā́vasum soma gandharvám ā́paḥ (11 syllables)
- B. ददृ॒शुषीः तद् ऋतेना वि आय॑न् dadr̥śúṣīḥ tát r̥téna + ví āyan (11 syllables)
- C. तद् अन्व॑वैत इन्द्रः रारहा॑णः आसां tát anvávait índraḥ rārahāṇáḥ āsām (12 syllables)
- D. परि सूर्यस्य परिधीँर अपश्यत् pári sū́ryasya paridhī́n apaśyat (11 syllables)
विश्वा॑वसुं (viśvā́vasum)
Viśvavasu (a Gandharva)
सोम (soma)
O Soma (a deity or celestial drink)
गन्ध॒र्वम (gandharvám)
the Gandharva (celestial being)
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
ददृ॒शुषीः (dadr̥śúṣīḥ)
having seen
तद् (tát)
that
ऋतेना (r̥téna +)
with Soma
वि (ví)
away, apart
आय॑न् (āyan)
went, moved
तद् (tát)
that
अन्व॑वैत (anvávait)
followed, went after
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra (king of gods)
रारहा॑णः (rārahāṇáḥ)
moving swiftly, eagerly
आसां (āsām)
their
परि (pári)
around
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the sun
परिधीँर (paridhī́n)
boundaries, enclosures
अपश्यत् (apaśyat)
saw
Stanza 10.139.5
वि॒श्वाव॑सुर॒भि तन्नो॑ गृणातु दि॒व्यो ग॑न्ध॒र्वो रज॑सो वि॒मानः॑ | यद्वा॑ घा स॒त्यमु॒त यन्न वि॒द्म धियो॑ हिन्वा॒नो धिय॒ इन्नो॑ अव्याः ||
viśvā́vasur abhí tán no gr̥ṇātu divyó gandharvó rájaso vimā́naḥ yád vā ghā satyám utá yán ná vidmá dhíyo hinvānó dhíya ín no avyāḥ
May the divine Gandharva, Viśvavasu, who measures the sky, sing this song for us. May he help us know what is true and what is not; may he inspire our thoughts and our praises.
The verse invokes the Gandharva Viśvavasu to sing a song about the sky and its measurements. It also asks him to help discern truth from falsehood, to inspire their thoughts, and to aid their praises and actions.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विश्वा॑वसुः अभि तन्नो नः गृणातु viśvā́vasuḥ abhí tát naḥ gr̥ṇātu (11 syllables)
- B. दिव्यो गन्ध॒र्वो रज॑सो विमानः divyáḥ gandharváḥ rájasaḥ vimā́naḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यन्न वा घा सत्यमु उत यन्न न विद्म yát vā gha + satyám utá yát ná vidmá (11 syllables)
- D. धिय हिन्वानो धिय इन्नो नः अव्याः dhíyaḥ hinvānáḥ dhíyaḥ ít naḥ avyāḥ (11 syllables)
विश्वा॑वसुः (viśvā́vasuḥ)
Viśvavasu (a Gandharva)
अभि (abhí)
about, concerning
तन्नो (tát)
that
नः (naḥ)
our
गृणातु (gr̥ṇātu)
may he sing
दिव्यो (divyáḥ)
divine, celestial
गन्ध॒र्वो (gandharváḥ)
Gandharva (celestial being)
रज॑सो (rájasaḥ)
of the atmosphere, space
विमानः (vimā́naḥ)
measurer
यन्न (yát)
what
वा (vā)
or
घा (gha +)
indeed
सत्यमु (satyám)
truth
उत (utá)
and, also
यन्न (yát)
what
न (ná)
not
विद्म (vidmá)
we know
धिय (dhíyaḥ)
thoughts, praises
हिन्वानो (hinvānáḥ)
inspiring, impelling
धिय (dhíyaḥ)
thoughts, praises
इन्नो (ít)
indeed
नः (naḥ)
our
अव्याः (avyāḥ)
may protect, may aid
Stanza 10.139.6
सस्नि॑मविन्द॒च्चर॑णे न॒दीना॒मपा॑वृणो॒द्दुरो॒ अश्म॑व्रजानाम् | प्रासां॑ गन्ध॒र्वो अ॒मृता॑नि वोच॒दिन्द्रो॒ दक्षं॒ परि॑ जानाद॒हीना॑म् ||
sásnim avindac cáraṇe nadī́nām ápāvr̥ṇod dúro áśmavrajānām prā́sāṁ gandharvó amŕ̥tāni vocad índro dákṣam pári jānād ahī́nām
Indra found the treasure seeker in the course of the rivers. He opened the doors of stone enclosures. The Gandharva spoke divine things to him; Indra understood the power of the serpents.
This verse recounts how Indra, the king of gods, found a treasure seeker (Sásnim) in the path of rivers. He then opened the gates of enclosures made of stone. The Gandharva revealed divine secrets to him, and Indra understood the power of the serpents (or possibly dark forces).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सस्नि॑म अविन्द॒च्चर॑णे चरणे नदीना॑म् sásnim avindat cáraṇe nadī́nām (11 syllables)
- B. अपा वृणो॒द्दुरो दरो अश्म॑व्रजानाम् ápa avr̥ṇot dúraḥ áśmavrajānām (11 syllables)
- C. प्रा आसां गन्ध॒र्वो अमृता॑नि वोच॒दिन्द्रो prá āsām gandharváḥ amŕ̥tāni vocat (11 syllables)
- D. इन्द्रो दक्षं परि जानाद॑ अही॑नाम् índraḥ dákṣam pári jānāt ahī́nām (11 syllables)
सस्नि॑म (sásnim)
booty-seeker, one who wins
अविन्द॒च्चर॑णे (avindat)
found
चरणे (cáraṇe)
in the course, path
नदीना॑म् (nadī́nām)
of the rivers
अपा (ápa)
away
वृणो॒द्दुरो (avr̥ṇot)
opened
दरो (dúraḥ)
doors
अश्म॑व्रजानाम् (áśmavrajānām)
of stone enclosures
प्रा (prá)
forth
आसां (āsām)
to them
गन्ध॒र्वो (gandharváḥ)
Gandharva (celestial being)
अमृता॑नि (amŕ̥tāni)
immortal things, divine truths
वोच॒दिन्द्रो (vocat)
spoke
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra (king of gods)
दक्षं (dákṣam)
power, might, strength
परि (pári)
around, fully
जानाद॑ (jānāt)
knows, understands
अही॑नाम् (ahī́nām)
of serpents, of powers