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Stanza 1.79.1
हिर॑ण्यकेशो॒ रज॑सो विसा॒रेऽहि॒र्धुनि॒र्वात॑ इव॒ ध्रजी॑मान् | शुचि॑भ्राजा उ॒षसो॒ नवे॑दा॒ यश॑स्वतीरप॒स्युवो॒ न स॒त्याः ||
híraṇyakeśo rájaso visāré 'hir dhúnir vā́ta iva dhrájīmān śúcibhrājā uṣáso návedā yáśasvatīr apasyúvo ná satyā́ḥ
With golden hair, it sweeps across the atmosphere. Like a powerful serpent or the wind, it speeds along. Brightly shining, it knows the dawn is new. Like true, active, and glorious women, it arrives.
This verse describes the dawn, personified as a radiant being with golden hair, moving swiftly through the sky like a serpent or the wind. It's depicted as being aware of the morning's arrival and acting with purpose, like skilled, truthful women engaged in work.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. हिर॑ण्यकेशः रजसः विसा॑रे híraṇyakeśaḥ rájasaḥ visāré (11 syllables)
- B. अहिः धुनिः वातः इव ध्रजी॑मान् áhiḥ dhúniḥ vā́taḥ iva dhrájīmān (11 syllables)
- C. शुचि॑भ्राजाः उषसः नवे॑दाः śúcibhrājāḥ uṣásaḥ návedāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. यश॑स्वतीः अपस्युवो न सत्याः yáśasvatīḥ apasyúvaḥ ná satyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
हिर॑ण्यकेशः (híraṇyakeśaḥ)
golden-haired
रजसः (rájasaḥ)
of the atmosphere
विसा॑रे (visāré)
in the expanse
अहिः (áhiḥ)
serpent
धुनिः (dhúniḥ)
roaring
वातः (vā́taḥ)
wind
इव (iva)
like
ध्रजी॑मान् (dhrájīmān)
swiftly moving
शुचि॑भ्राजाः (śúcibhrājāḥ)
brightly shining
उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
of the dawn
नवे॑दाः (návedāḥ)
knowing well
यश॑स्वतीः (yáśasvatīḥ)
glorious
अपस्युवो (apasyúvaḥ)
active workers
न (ná)
like
सत्याः (satyā́ḥ)
true
Stanza 1.79.2
आ ते॑ सुप॒र्णा अ॑मिनन्तँ॒ एवैः॑ कृ॒ष्णो नो॑नाव वृष॒भो यदी॒दम् | शि॒वाभि॒र्न स्मय॑मानाभि॒रागा॒त्पत॑न्ति॒ मिहः॑ स्त॒नय॑न्त्य॒भ्रा ||
ā́ te suparṇā́ aminantam̐ évaiḥ kr̥ṣṇó nonāva vr̥ṣabhó yádīdám śivā́bhir ná smáyamānābhir ā́gāt pátanti míha stanáyanty abhrā́
Your presence makes the soaring ones seem lesser. The dark bull has roared! As the clouds fly and thunder crashes, it arrives with a benevolent, smiling presence.
This verse uses powerful imagery to describe the arrival of a storm or a significant natural event, possibly linked to the dawn. It speaks of 'beautifully-winged' things being surpassed, a dark bull roaring, and approaching clouds that bring rain and thunder, all happening as if accompanied by smiling, benevolent beings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ ते सुपर्णाः अमिनन्त एवैः ā́ te suparṇā́ḥ aminanta évaiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. कृष्णो नोना॑व वृषभो यदी॑ इदम् kr̥ṣṇáḥ nonāva vr̥ṣabháḥ yádi idám (11 syllables)
- C. शिवाभिः न स्मय॑मानाभिः आ अगात् śivā́bhiḥ ná smáyamānābhiḥ ā́ agāt (11 syllables)
- D. पतन्ति मिहः स्तन॑यन्ति अभ्रा pátanti míhaḥ stanáyanti abhrā́ (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
came
ते (te)
your
सुपर्णाः (suparṇā́ḥ)
beautifully-winged (beings/birds)
अमिनन्त (aminanta)
were surpassed/diminished
एवैः (évaiḥ)
by their ways
कृष्णो (kr̥ṣṇáḥ)
black
नोना॑व (nonāva)
roared
वृषभो (vr̥ṣabháḥ)
bull
यदी॑ (yádi)
when
इदम् (idám)
this
शिवाभिः (śivā́bhiḥ)
benevolent
न (ná)
like
स्मय॑मानाभिः (smáyamānābhiḥ)
smiling
आ (ā́)
came
अगात् (agāt)
came
पतन्ति (pátanti)
fly
मिहः (míhaḥ)
mists/clouds
स्तन॑यन्ति (stanáyanti)
thunder
अभ्रा (abhrā́)
clouds
Stanza 1.79.3
यदी॑मृ॒तस्य॒ पय॑सा॒ पिया॑नो॒ नय॑न्नृ॒तस्य॑ प॒थिभी॒ रजि॑ष्ठैः | अ॒र्य॒मा मि॒त्रो वरु॑णः॒ परि॑ज्मा॒ त्वचं॑ पृञ्च॒न्त्युप॑रस्य॒ योनौ॑ ||
yád īm r̥tásya páyasā píyāno náyann r̥tásya pathíbhī rájiṣṭhaiḥ aryamā́ mitró váruṇaḥ párijmā tvácam pr̥ñcanty úparasya yónau
When it is led, nourished by the essence of cosmic order along its straightest paths, then Aryaman, Mitra, and Varuna, the encompassing one, fill the atmospheric 'container' in the upper realm.
This verse describes a divine or cosmic process where something (likely the dawn or a divine power) is nourished by the 'milk of Rita' (cosmic order/truth) and led along the paths of Rita. Key deities like Aryaman, Mitra, and Varuna are involved, filling a 'leather-bag' (metaphor for a cloud or the atmosphere) in the upper regions.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यदी॑ ईम ऋतस्य पय॑सा पिया॑नो yát īm r̥tásya páyasā píyānaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. नय॑न्नृ ऋतस्य पथिभी रजि॑ष्ठैः náyan r̥tásya pathíbhiḥ rájiṣṭhaiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अर्यमा मि॒त्रो वरु॑णः परि॑ज्मा aryamā́ mitráḥ váruṇaḥ párijmā (11 syllables)
- D. त्वचं पृञ्चन्ति उपरस्य योनौ tvácam pr̥ñcanti úparasya yónau (11 syllables)
यदी॑ (yát)
when
ईम (īm)
it
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order/truth
पय॑सा (páyasā)
with the essence/milk
पिया॑नो (píyānaḥ)
drinking/nourished
नय॑न्नृ (náyan)
leading
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order/truth
पथिभी (pathíbhiḥ)
by the paths
रजि॑ष्ठैः (rájiṣṭhaiḥ)
straightest
अर्यमा (aryamā́)
Aryaman (deity)
मि॒त्रो (mitráḥ)
Mitra (deity)
वरु॑णः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna (deity)
परि॑ज्मा (párijmā)
encompassing one
त्वचं (tvácam)
skin/covering (metaphorical)
पृञ्चन्ति (pr̥ñcanti)
they fill
उपरस्य (úparasya)
of the upper
योनौ (yónau)
in the womb/place
Stanza 1.79.4
अग्ने॒ वाज॑स्य॒ गोम॑त॒ ईशा॑नः सहसो यहो | अ॒स्मे धे॑हि जातवेदो॒ महि॒ श्रवः॑ ||
ágne vā́jasya gómata ī́śānaḥ sahaso yaho asmé dhehi jātavedo máhi śrávaḥ
O Agni, you are the master of abundant wealth, especially cattle, and the mighty son of strength! Please grant us great renown and glory.
This is an invocation to Agni, the fire god. The devotee addresses Agni as the lord of abundance, particularly of cattle, and the powerful son of strength. They ask Agni to bestow great fame and glory upon them.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. अग्ने वाजस्य गोम॑तः ágne vā́jasya gómataḥ (8 syllables)
- B. ईशा॑नः सहसो यहो ī́śānaḥ sahasaḥ yaho (8 syllables)
- C. अस्मे धेहि जातवेदो महि श्रवः asmé dhehi jātavedaḥ máhi śrávaḥ (12 syllables)
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni (fire god)
वाजस्य (vā́jasya)
of wealth/abundance
गोम॑तः (gómataḥ)
rich in cattle
ईशा॑नः (ī́śānaḥ)
lord/ruler
सहसो (sahasaḥ)
of strength
यहो (yaho)
O young one (epithet for Agni)
अस्मे (asmé)
upon us
धेहि (dhehi)
place/grant
जातवेदो (jātavedaḥ)
O knower of all births (epithet for Agni)
महि (máhi)
great
श्रवः (śrávaḥ)
fame/glory
Stanza 1.79.5
स इ॑धा॒नो वसु॑ष्क॒विर॒ग्निरी॒ळेन्यो॑ गि॒रा | रे॒वद॒स्मभ्यं॑ पुर्वणीक दीदिहि ||
sá idhānó vásuṣ kavír agnír īḷényo girā́ revád asmábhyam purvaṇīka dīdihi
He is kindled, wealthy, and wise, worthy of praise through song. O Agni, with your many splendid forms, shine upon us, bringing prosperity!
This verse praises Agni, describing him as being kindled, wealthy, wise, and worthy of adoration through song. The devotee asks Agni, who has many forms and radiant presence, to shine upon them, bringing prosperity.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. स इधा॑नः वसुः कविः sáḥ idhānáḥ vásuḥ kavíḥ (8 syllables)
- B. अग्निः ईळेन्यो गिरा agníḥ īḷényaḥ girā́ (8 syllables)
- C. रेवद अस्मभ्यं पुर्वणीक दीदिहि revát asmábhyam purvaṇīka dīdihi (12 syllables)
स (sáḥ)
he
इधा॑नः (idhānáḥ)
kindled/enlightened
वसुः (vásuḥ)
wealthy/a Vasu (divine being)
कविः (kavíḥ)
wise/seer
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
ईळेन्यो (īḷényaḥ)
worthy of praise
गिरा (girā́)
by song/praise
रेवद (revát)
rich/prosperous
अस्मभ्यं (asmábhyam)
for us
पुर्वणीक (purvaṇīka)
O possessor of many forms
दीदिहि (dīdihi)
shine
Stanza 1.79.6
क्ष॒पो रा॑जन्नु॒त त्मनाग्ने॒ वस्तो॑रु॒तोषसः॑ | स ति॑ग्मजम्भ र॒क्षसो॑ दह॒ प्रति॑ ||
kṣapó rājann utá tmánā́gne vástor utóṣásaḥ sá tigmajambha rakṣáso daha práti
O reigning Agni, by your own power through the night and at the dawn's first light, you with sharp 'teeth' – burn away those obstructing forces!
This verse addresses Agni, acknowledging his dominion over both night and day. It describes him as having sharp teeth and commands him to fiercely burn away malevolent forces (Rakshasas).
Meter: Ushnih
- A. क्षपो राजन्नु उत त्मना kṣapáḥ rājan utá tmánā (8 syllables)
- B. अग्ने वस्तोः उत उषसः ágne vástoḥ utá uṣásaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. स तिग्मजम्भ रक्षांसि दह प्रति sá tigmajambha rakṣásaḥ daha práti (12 syllables)
क्षपो (kṣapáḥ)
of the night
राजन्नु (rājan)
O king
उत (utá)
and
त्मना (tmánā)
by oneself/own power
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
वस्तोः (vástoḥ)
of the dawn
उत (utá)
and
उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
of the dawn
स (sá)
he
तिग्मजम्भ (tigmajambha)
O sharp-toothed one
रक्षांसि (rakṣásaḥ)
the demons/Rakshasas
दह (daha)
burn
प्रति (práti)
against/towards
Stanza 1.79.7
अवा॑ नो अग्न ऊ॒तिभि॑र्गाय॒त्रस्य॒ प्रभ॑र्मणि | विश्वा॑सु धी॒षु व॑न्द्य ||
ávā no agna ūtíbhir gāyatrásya prábharmaṇi víśvāsu dhīṣú vandya
O Agni, worthy of adoration in all our deepest thoughts and prayers, protect us with your aid when our Gayatri chant is offered!
In this verse, the devotee calls upon Agni, acknowledging him as worthy of worship in all profound thoughts and actions. They ask Agni to protect and favor them with his help, especially when their 'Gayatri' hymn or chant is presented.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अवा॑ नः अग्न ऊ॒तिभिः áva + naḥ agne ūtíbhiḥ (8 syllables)
- B. गाय॒त्रस्य प्रभ॑र्मणि gāyatrásya prábharmaṇi (8 syllables)
- C. विश्वा॑सु धीषु व॑न्द्य víśvāsu dhīṣú vandya (8 syllables)
अवा॑ (áva +)
protect
नः (naḥ)
us
अग्न (agne)
O Agni
ऊ॒तिभिः (ūtíbhiḥ)
with aid/help
गाय॒त्रस्य (gāyatrásya)
of the Gayatri (hymn/meter)
प्रभ॑र्मणि (prábharmaṇi)
in the bringing forth/presentation
विश्वा॑सु (víśvāsu)
in all
धीषु (dhīṣú)
thoughts/prayers
व॑न्द्य (vandya)
O adorable one
Stanza 1.79.8
आ नो॑ अग्ने र॒यिं भ॑र सत्रा॒साहं॒ वरे॑ण्यम् | विश्वा॑सु पृ॒त्सु दु॒ष्टर॑म् ||
ā́ no agne rayím bhara satrāsā́haṁ váreṇyam víśvāsu pr̥tsú duṣṭáram
O Agni, bring us wealth that always conquers, that is highly desirable and invincible in all conflicts!
This is a plea to Agni to bring them wealth that is victorious in all battles, desirable, and invincible. The request is for enduring prosperity and success.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. आ नः अग्ने र॒यिं भ॑र ā́ naḥ agne rayím bhara (8 syllables)
- B. सत्रा॒साहं वरे॑ण्यम् satrāsā́ham váreṇyam (8 syllables)
- C. विश्वा॑सु पृ॒त्सु दु॒ष्टर॑म् víśvāsu pr̥tsú duṣṭáram (8 syllables)
आ (ā́)
bring
नः (naḥ)
to us
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
र॒यिं (rayím)
wealth
भ॑र (bhara)
bring
सत्रा॒साहं (satrāsā́ham)
always conquering
वरे॑ण्यम् (váreṇyam)
desirable/excellent
विश्वा॑सु (víśvāsu)
in all
पृ॒त्सु (pr̥tsú)
in battles/conflicts
दु॒ष्टर॑म् (duṣṭáram)
invincible/hard to overcome
Stanza 1.79.9
आ नो॑ अग्ने सुचे॒तुना॑ र॒यिं वि॒श्वायु॑पोषसम् | मा॒र्डी॒कं धे॑हि जी॒वसे॑ ||
ā́ no agne sucetúnā rayíṁ viśvā́yupoṣasam mārḍīkáṁ dhehi jīváse
O Agni, grant us, with your good favor, wealth that supports us through our entire lives, and bestow comfort so that we may live!
The devotee asks Agni to bestow upon them wealth that sustains them throughout their life, along with comfort and well-being, so that they may continue to live.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. आ नः अग्ने सुचे॒तुना ā́ naḥ agne sucetúnā (8 syllables)
- B. र॒यिं वि॒श्वायु॑पोषसम् rayím viśvā́yupoṣasam (8 syllables)
- C. मा॒र्डी॒कं धेहि जी॒वसे mārḍīkám dhehi jīváse (8 syllables)
आ (ā́)
grant/bring
नः (naḥ)
to us
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
सुचे॒तुना (sucetúnā)
with good understanding/favor
र॒यिं (rayím)
wealth
वि॒श्वायु॑पोषसम् (viśvā́yupoṣasam)
sustaining all life
मा॒र्डी॒कं (mārḍīkám)
comfort/well-being
धेहि (dhehi)
place/grant
जी॒वसे (jīváse)
for living
Stanza 1.79.10
प्र पू॒तास्ति॒ग्मशो॑चिषे॒ वाचो॑ गोतमा॒ग्नये॑ | भर॑स्व सुम्न॒युर्गिरः॑ ||
prá pūtā́s tigmáśociṣe vā́co gotamāgnáye bhárasva sumnayúr gíraḥ
O Gotama, present purified words and songs to Agni, the one with sharp flames, desiring his favor and well-being!
This verse is an offering from Gotama to Agni. Gotama presents purified words and songs, praising Agni, who has sharp flames, and expresses a desire for Agni's favor and well-being.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. प्र पू॒ताः तिग्मशो॑चिषे prá pūtā́ḥ tigmáśociṣe (8 syllables)
- B. वाचो गोतमा अग्नये vā́caḥ gotama agnáye (8 syllables)
- C. भर॑स्व सुम्न॒युः गि॒रः bhárasva sumnayúḥ gíraḥ (8 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forward
पू॒ताः (pūtā́ḥ)
purified
तिग्मशो॑चिषे (tigmáśociṣe)
to the sharp-flamed one
वाचो (vā́caḥ)
words
गोतमा (gotama)
O Gotama
अग्नये (agnáye)
to Agni
भर॑स्व (bhárasva)
present/offer (medial)
सुम्न॒युः (sumnayúḥ)
desiring favor/bliss
गि॒रः (gíraḥ)
songs/praises
Stanza 1.79.11
यो नो॑ अग्नेऽभि॒दास॒त्यन्ति॑ दू॒रे प॑दी॒ष्ट सः | अ॒स्माक॒मिद्वृ॒धे भ॑व ||
yó no agne 'bhidā́saty ánti dūré padīṣṭá sáḥ asmā́kam íd vr̥dhé bhava
O Agni, may anyone who attacks us, near or far, fall! May you be a source of growth for us.
This verse is a protective invocation to Agni. The speaker asks Agni to ensure that anyone who tries to harm them, whether close by or far away, falls or is destroyed. They wish for Agni's presence to promote their own growth and prosperity.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यः नो अग्ने अभि॒दास॑ति yáḥ naḥ agne abhidā́sati (8 syllables)
- B. अन्ति दू॒रे पदी॑ष्ट सः ánti dūré padīṣṭá sáḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अस्माक इत् वृ॒धे भ॑व asmā́kam ít vr̥dhé bhava (8 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
नो (naḥ)
us
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अभि॒दास॑ति (abhidā́sati)
attacks/harms
अन्ति (ánti)
near
दू॒रे (dūré)
far away
पदी॑ष्ट (padīṣṭá)
fall/perish
सः (sáḥ)
he
अस्माक (asmā́kam)
our
इत् (ít)
indeed
वृ॒धे (vr̥dhé)
for growth/increase
भ॑व (bhava)
be
Stanza 1.79.12
स॒ह॒स्रा॒क्षो विच॑र्षणिर॒ग्नी रक्षां॑सि सेधति | होता॑ गृणीत उ॒क्थ्यः॑ ||
sahasrākṣó vícarṣaṇir agnī́ rákṣāṁsi sedhati hótā gr̥ṇīta ukthyàḥ
Agni, the thousand-eyed and all-perceiving one, drives away the demons. He, the praiseworthy Hotri (offering priest), is celebrated!
This verse praises Agni, highlighting his attributes: having a thousand eyes, being perceptive and active among all people, and effectively driving away demons. He is also described as the 'Hotri' (priest who offers oblations) and worthy of praise.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. सहस्राक्षो विच॑र्षणिः sahasrākṣáḥ vícarṣaṇiḥ (8 syllables)
- B. अग्नी रक्षांसि सेधति agníḥ rákṣāṃsi sedhati (8 syllables)
- C. होता गृणीत उक्थ्यः hótā gr̥ṇīte ukthyàḥ (8 syllables)
सहस्राक्षो (sahasrākṣáḥ)
thousand-eyed
विच॑र्षणिः (vícarṣaṇiḥ)
all-perceiving/active among all
अग्नी (agníḥ)
Agni
रक्षांसि (rákṣāṃsi)
demons/evil spirits
सेधति (sedhati)
drives away/dispels
होता (hótā)
Hotri (priest who offers oblations)
गृणीत (gr̥ṇīte)
is praised/invoked
उक्थ्यः (ukthyàḥ)
worthy of praise/recitation