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Stanza 1.71.1
उप॒ प्र जि॑न्वन्नुश॒तीरु॒शन्तं॒ पतिं॒ न नित्यं॒ जन॑यः॒ सनी॑ळाः | स्वसा॑रः॒ श्यावी॒मरु॑षीमजुष्रञ्चि॒त्रमु॒च्छन्ती॑मु॒षसं॒ न गावः॑ ||
úpa prá jinvann uśatī́r uśántam pátiṁ ná nítyaṁ jánayaḥ sánīḷāḥ svásāraḥ śyā́vīm áruṣīm ajuṣrañ citrám uchántīm uṣásaṁ ná gā́vaḥ
She awakens and inspires, like wives eagerly awaiting their husband. Her sisters, from the same home, urge her on. Like cows delighting in the morning, they embraced the dark, the red, and the brightly shining dawn.
This verse beautifully describes the dawn, Ushas, personified as a radiant woman. She's like a loving wife eagerly waiting for her husband, the Sun. Her sisters, other aspects of the morning light, help her arrive, appearing in various colors – dark, red, and bright – much like cows greeting the morning with joy.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उप प्र जिन्वन् उशतीः उशन्तं úpa prá jinvan uśatī́ḥ uśántam (11 syllables)
- B. पतिं न नित्यं जनयः सनीळाः pátim ná nítyam jánayaḥ sánīḷāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. स्वासारः श्यावीम अरुषीं अजुश्रन् svásāraḥ śyā́vīm áruṣīm ajuṣran (11 syllables)
- D. चित्रं उच्छन्तीं उषसं न गावः citrám uchántīm uṣásam ná gā́vaḥ (11 syllables)
उप (úpa)
near
प्र (prá)
forward
जिन्वन् (jinvan)
energizing
उशतीः (uśatī́ḥ)
desiring
उशन्तं (uśántam)
desiring
पतिं (pátim)
husband
न (ná)
like
नित्यं (nítyam)
eternal
जनयः (jánayaḥ)
wives
सनीळाः (sánīḷāḥ)
dwelling together
स्वासारः (svásāraḥ)
sisters
श्यावीम (śyā́vīm)
dark
अरुषीं (áruṣīm)
red
अजुश्रन् (ajuṣran)
rejoiced
चित्रं (citrám)
brightly colored
उच्छन्तीं (uchántīm)
shining
उषसं (uṣásam)
dawn
न (ná)
like
गावः (gā́vaḥ)
cows
Stanza 1.71.2
वी॒ळु चि॑द्दृ॒ळ्हा पि॒तरो॑ न उ॒क्थैरद्रिं॑ रुज॒न्नङ्गि॑रसो॒ रवे॑ण | च॒क्रुर्दि॒वो बृ॑ह॒तो गा॒तुम॒स्मे अहः॒ स्व॑र्विविदुः के॒तुमु॒स्राः ||
vīḷú cid dr̥ḷhā́ pitáro na ukthaír ádriṁ rujann áṅgiraso ráveṇa cakrúr divó br̥ható gātúm asmé áhaḥ svàr vividuḥ ketúm usrā́ḥ
Our ancestors, the Angiras, used their hymns to smash strong fortresses and their roaring chants to break rocks. They cleared a path for us to reach the vast heavens, revealing the day, the sun, and the dawn's light.
This verse celebrates the ancient Angiras priests who, with their powerful hymns and chants, broke through obstacles like fortresses and mountains. This heroic act opened up a path to the heavens for humanity, allowing them to perceive the light of day and the sun.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वीळु चिद्दृढ्हा दृढ्हा पितरो नः उक्थैः vīḷú cit dr̥ḷhā́ pitáraḥ naḥ ukthaíḥ (12 syllables)
- B. अद्रिं रुजन् अङ्गिरसः रवेण ádrim rujan áṅgirasaḥ ráveṇa (11 syllables)
- C. चक्रुः दिवः बृहतो गातुं अस्मे cakrúḥ diváḥ br̥hatáḥ gātúm asmé (11 syllables)
- D. अहः स्वर् विविदुः केतुं उस्त्राः áhar ~ áhaḥ svàr vividuḥ ketúm usrā́ḥ (11 syllables)
वीळु (vīḷú)
strong
चिद्दृढ्हा (cit)
even
दृढ्हा (dr̥ḷhā́)
firm
पितरो (pitáraḥ)
fathers
नः (naḥ)
us
उक्थैः (ukthaíḥ)
by hymns
अद्रिं (ádrim)
mountain
रुजन् (rujan)
breaking
अङ्गिरसः (áṅgirasaḥ)
Angirasas (a priestly clan)
रवेण (ráveṇa)
by roaring
चक्रुः (cakrúḥ)
made
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
बृहतो (br̥hatáḥ)
great
गातुं (gātúm)
path
अस्मे (asmé)
for us
अहः (áhar ~ áhaḥ)
day
स्वर् (svàr)
sun
विविदुः (vividuḥ)
found
केतुं (ketúm)
light
उस्त्राः (usrā́ḥ)
dawn-lights
Stanza 1.71.3
दध॑न्नृ॒तं ध॒नय॑न्नस्य धी॒तिमादिद॒र्यो दि॑धि॒ष्वो॒३॒॑ विभृ॑त्राः | अतृ॑ष्यन्तीर॒पसो॑ य॒न्त्यच्छा॑ दे॒वाञ्जन्म॒ प्रय॑सा व॒र्धय॑न्तीः ||
dádhann r̥táṁ dhanáyann asya dhītím ā́d íd aryó didhiṣvò víbhr̥trāḥ átr̥ṣyantīr apáso yanty áchā devā́ñ jánma práyasā vardháyantīḥ
They establish the cosmic order, making its thought fruitful. The devoted prayers, always active and never tired, approach the gods, strengthening them with their offerings.
This verse describes how the divine powers establish cosmic order ('Rita') and bring forth thoughts and understanding. These active, unquenchable forces, like diligent workers, move towards the gods, nourishing them with their offerings and activities, thus strengthening the divine realm.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दधन् ऋतं धनयन् अस्य धीतिं dádhan r̥tám dhanáyan asya dhītím (11 syllables)
- B. आत इत अर्यः दिधिष्वः विभृत्राः ā́t ít aryáḥ didhiṣváḥ víbhr̥trāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अतृष्यन्तीः अपसः यन्ति अच्छा átr̥ṣyantīḥ apásaḥ yanti ácha + (11 syllables)
- D. देवान् जन्म प्रयसा वर्धयन्तीः devā́n jánma práyasā vardháyantīḥ (11 syllables)
दधन् (dádhan)
establishing
ऋतं (r̥tám)
cosmic order
धनयन् (dhanáyan)
making fruitful
अस्य (asya)
its
धीतिं (dhītím)
thought
आत (ā́t)
and
इत (ít)
indeed
अर्यः (aryáḥ)
wishes
दिधिष्वः (didhiṣváḥ)
desiring
विभृत्राः (víbhr̥trāḥ)
widely spread
अतृष्यन्तीः (átr̥ṣyantīḥ)
unquenched
अपसः (apásaḥ)
active deeds
यन्ति (yanti)
go
अच्छा (ácha +)
towards
देवान् (devā́n)
gods
जन्म (jánma)
offering
प्रयसा (práyasā)
with delight
वर्धयन्तीः (vardháyantīḥ)
strengthening
Stanza 1.71.4
मथी॒द्यदीं॒ विभृ॑तो मात॒रिश्वा॑ गृ॒हेगृ॑हे श्ये॒तो जेन्यो॒ भूत् | आदीं॒ राज्ञे॒ न सही॑यसे॒ सचा॒ सन्ना दू॒त्यं१॒॑ भृग॑वाणो विवाय ||
máthīd yád īṁ víbhr̥to mātaríśvā gr̥hé-gr̥he śyetó jényo bhū́t ā́d īṁ rā́jñe ná sáhīyase sácā sánn ā́ dūtyàm bhŕ̥gavāṇo vivāya
When Matarishvan stirred him forth, he, noble and radiant, reached every home. Like a Bhrigu, he took on the role of a messenger, going as if to a mighty king.
This verse tells a story about Matarishvan, who, through a process of 'churning' or intense effort, brought forth a bright and noble being (likely Agni, the fire god). This being then traveled to every home, like a messenger or envoy, undertaking a mission akin to serving a mighty king, perhaps symbolizing the spread of knowledge or divine presence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मथीत् यत् ईं विभृतः मातरिश्वा máthīt yát īm víbhr̥taḥ mātaríśvā (11 syllables)
- B. गृहेगृहे श्येतः जेन्यः भूत् gr̥hé-gr̥he śyetáḥ jényaḥ bhū́t (11 syllables)
- C. आत ईं राज्रे न सहीयसे सचा सन् ā́t īm rā́jñe ná sáhīyase sácā sán (11 syllables)
- D. आ दूत्यं भृगवाणः विवय ā́ dūtyàm bhŕ̥gavāṇaḥ vivāya (11 syllables)
मथीत् (máthīt)
churned
यत् (yát)
that
ईं (īm)
him
विभृतः (víbhr̥taḥ)
spread out
मातरिश्वा (mātaríśvā)
Matarishvan (wind god)
गृहेगृहे (gr̥hé-gr̥he)
in every house
श्येतः (śyetáḥ)
reddish
जेन्यः (jényaḥ)
noble
भूत् (bhū́t)
became
आत (ā́t)
then
ईं (īm)
him
राज्रे (rā́jñe)
to the king
न (ná)
like
सहीयसे (sáhīyase)
mightier
सचा (sácā)
together
सन् (sán)
being
आ (ā́)
attached
दूत्यं (dūtyàm)
messengership
भृगवाणः (bhŕ̥gavāṇaḥ)
Bhrigu-like
विवय (vivāya)
undertook
Stanza 1.71.5
म॒हे यत्पि॒त्र ईं॒ रसं॑ दि॒वे करव॑ त्सरत्पृश॒न्य॑श्चिकि॒त्वान् | सृ॒जदस्ता॑ धृष॒ता दि॒द्युम॑स्मै॒ स्वायां॑ दे॒वो दु॑हि॒तरि॒ त्विषिं॑ धात् ||
mahé yát pitrá īṁ rásaṁ divé kár áva tsarat pr̥śanyàś cikitvā́n sr̥jád ástā dhr̥ṣatā́ didyúm asmai svā́yāṁ devó duhitári tvíṣiṁ dhāt
When the essence was made for the great Father Sky, the knowing one approached the speckled ones. An archer fiercely shot at him. The god then directed his power towards his daughter.
This verse narrates a cosmic event where a being (perhaps Agni or the Sun) created a vital essence ('rasa') for the great Father Sky. This being then subtly approached something speckled (possibly the cows, representing wealth or nature). However, an archer-like force shot an arrow, and a god then directed his power onto his daughter, suggesting a complex interplay of creation, attraction, and perhaps divine intervention or consequence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. महे यत् पित्रे ईं रसं दिवे कर् mahé yát pitré īm rásam divé kár (11 syllables)
- B. अव त्सरत् पृशान्यः चिकित्वा áva tsarat pr̥śanyàḥ cikitvā́n (11 syllables)
- C. सृजत् अस्ता धृषता दिद्युं अस्मै sr̥ját ástā dhr̥ṣatā́ didyúm asmai (11 syllables)
- D. स्वायां देवः दुहितरि त्विषं धात् svā́yām deváḥ duhitári tvíṣim dhāt (11 syllables)
महे (mahé)
great
यत् (yát)
when
पित्रे (pitré)
father
ईं (īm)
him
रसं (rásam)
essence
दिवे (divé)
for the sky
कर् (kár)
made
अव (áva)
down
त्सरत् (tsarat)
went
पृशान्यः (pr̥śanyàḥ)
speckled
चिकित्वा (cikitvā́n)
knowing
सृजत् (sr̥ját)
released
अस्ता (ástā)
archer
धृषता (dhr̥ṣatā́)
boldly
दिद्युं (didyúm)
splendor
अस्मै (asmai)
at him
स्वायां (svā́yām)
own
देवः (deváḥ)
god
दुहितरि (duhitári)
daughter
त्विषं (tvíṣim)
splendor
धात् (dhāt)
placed
Stanza 1.71.6
स्व आ यस्तुभ्यं॒ दम॒ आ वि॒भाति॒ नमो॑ वा॒ दाशा॑दुश॒तो अनु॒ द्यून् | वर्धो॑ अग्ने॒ वयो॑ अस्य द्वि॒बर्हा॒ यास॑द्रा॒या स॒रथं॒ यं जु॒नासि॑ ||
svá ā́ yás túbhyaṁ dáma ā́ vibhā́ti námo vā dā́śād uśató ánu dyū́n várdho agne váyo asya dvibárhā yā́sad rāyā́ saráthaṁ yáṁ junā́si
O Agni, may you increase the power of the one who worships you in his home, or offers you daily devotion. May he whom you inspire find abundance.
This is a prayer to the fire god Agni, asking him to bless those who worship him in their homes and offer him daily adoration. The verse specifically requests that Agni, who possesses "double might," should increase the wealth and prosperity of such devotees, ensuring they are united with riches.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स्वे आ यः तुभ्यं दमे आ विभाति své ā́ yáḥ túbhyam dáme ā́ vibhā́ti (11 syllables)
- B. नमः वा दाशात् उशतः अनु द्यून् námaḥ vā dā́śāt uśatáḥ ánu dyū́n (11 syllables)
- C. वर्ध उ अग्ने वयो अस्य द्विबर्र्हाः várdha u agne váyaḥ asya dvibárhāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. यासत् राया स रथं यं जुनासि yā́sat rāyā́ sarátham yám junā́si (11 syllables)
स्वे (své)
own
आ (ā́)
into
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
तुभ्यं (túbhyam)
to you
दमे (dáme)
in the house
आ (ā́)
into
विभाति (vibhā́ti)
shines
नमः (námaḥ)
worship
वा (vā)
or
दाशात् (dā́śāt)
offers
उशतः (uśatáḥ)
desiring
अनु (ánu)
daily
द्यून् (dyū́n)
days
वर्ध (várdha)
increase
उ (u)
and
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
वयो (váyaḥ)
strength
अस्य (asya)
his
द्विबर्र्हाः (dvibárhāḥ)
of double might
यासत् (yā́sat)
may he unite
राया (rāyā́)
with riches
स रथं (sarátham)
together
यं (yám)
whom
जुनासि (junā́si)
you inspire
Stanza 1.71.7
अ॒ग्निं विश्वा॑ अ॒भि पृक्षः॑ सचन्ते समु॒द्रं न स्र॒वतः॑ स॒प्त य॒ह्वीः | न जा॒मिभि॒र्वि चि॑किते॒ वयो॑ नो वि॒दा दे॒वेषु॒ प्रम॑तिं चिकि॒त्वान् ||
agníṁ víśvā abhí pŕ̥kṣaḥ sacante samudráṁ ná sravátaḥ saptá yahvī́ḥ ná jāmíbhir ví cikite váyo no vidā́ devéṣu prámatiṁ cikitvā́n
All sustenance flows to Agni, like seven great rivers to the ocean. Our strength doesn't come from relatives. Oh knowing one, help us gain favor with the gods.
This verse likens all offerings and sustenance to rivers flowing into the ocean, all directed towards Agni. It states that human strength doesn't stem from mere kinship but from divine connection. The speaker asks the knowledgeable one (perhaps Agni) to secure favor for them among the gods.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अग्निं विश्वाः अभि पृक्षः सचन्ते agním víśvāḥ abhí pŕ̥kṣaḥ sacante (11 syllables)
- B. समुद्रं न स्रवतः सप्त यह्वीः samudrám ná sravátaḥ saptá yahvī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. न जामिभिः वि चिकिते वयो नः ná jāmíbhiḥ ví cikite váyaḥ naḥ (11 syllables)
- D. विदाः देवेषु प्रमतिं चिकित्वा vidā́ḥ devéṣu prámatim cikitvā́n (11 syllables)
अग्निं (agním)
Agni
विश्वाः (víśvāḥ)
all
अभि (abhí)
towards
पृक्षः (pŕ̥kṣaḥ)
offerings
सचन्ते (sacante)
follow
समुद्रं (samudrám)
ocean
न (ná)
not
स्रवतः (sravátaḥ)
flowing
सप्त (saptá)
seven
यह्वीः (yahvī́ḥ)
rivers
न (ná)
not
जामिभिः (jāmíbhiḥ)
by kin
वि (ví)
apart
चिकिते (cikite)
is revealed
वयो (váyaḥ)
strength
नः (naḥ)
our
विदाः (vidā́ḥ)
find
देवेषु (devéṣu)
among the gods
प्रमतिं (prámatim)
favor
चिकित्वा (cikitvā́n)
knowing one
Stanza 1.71.8
आ यदि॒षे नृ॒पतिं॒ तेज॒ आन॒ट् छुचि॒ रेतो॒ निषि॑क्तं॒ द्यौर॒भीके॑ | अ॒ग्निः शर्ध॑मनव॒द्यं युवा॑नं स्वा॒ध्यं॑ जनयत्सू॒दय॑च्च ||
ā́ yád iṣé nr̥pátiṁ téja ā́naṭ chúci réto níṣiktaṁ dyaúr abhī́ke agníḥ śárdham anavadyáṁ yúvānaṁ svādhyàṁ janayat sūdáyac ca
When radiant energy came to the leader for strength, pure essence descended from the sky. Agni then produced and nurtured the blameless, youthful, and capable host.
This verse describes a powerful, radiant force ('tejas') descending from the sky to energize a leader ('nripati'). This pure essence, once settled, prompts Agni to bring forth and nurture a vibrant, pure, and youthful collective ('shårdham'). This group is characterized by its blameless nature and its ability to thrive.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ यत् इषे नृपतिं तेजः आनाट् ā́ yát iṣé nr̥pátim téjaḥ ā́naṭ (11 syllables)
- B. शुचि रेतो निषिक्तं द्यौः अभीके śúci rétaḥ níṣiktam dyaúḥ abhī́ke (11 syllables)
- C. अग्निः शर्धं अनवद्यं युवानं agníḥ śárdham anavadyám yúvānam (11 syllables)
- D. स्वाध्यं जनयत् सूदयत् च svādhyàm janayat sūdáyat ca (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
down
यत् (yát)
when
इषे (iṣé)
for strength
नृपतिं (nr̥pátim)
leader of men
तेजः (téjaḥ)
radiance
आनाट् (ā́naṭ)
reached
शुचि (śúci)
pure
रेतो (rétaḥ)
energy
निषिक्तं (níṣiktam)
poured
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
sky
अभीके (abhī́ke)
in proximity
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
शर्धं (śárdham)
host
अनवद्यं (anavadyám)
blameless
युवानं (yúvānam)
youthful
स्वाध्यं (svādhyàm)
thriving
जनयत् (janayat)
produced
सूदयत् (sūdáyat)
nurtured
च (ca)
and
Stanza 1.71.9
मनो॒ न योऽध्व॑नः स॒द्य एत्येकः॑ स॒त्रा सूरो॒ वस्व॑ ईशे | राजा॑ना मि॒त्रावरु॑णा सुपा॒णी गोषु॑ प्रि॒यम॒मृतं॒ रक्ष॑माणा ||
máno ná yó 'dhvanaḥ sadyá éty ékaḥ satrā́ sū́ro vásva īśe rā́jānā mitrā́váruṇā supāṇī́ góṣu priyám amŕ̥taṁ rákṣamāṇā
Like thought, he swiftly travels the paths; the Sun alone rules all wealth. Mitra and Varuna, with their skilled hands, protect the precious ambrosia within the cows.
This verse praises the Sun as a solitary, swift traveler of the paths, who alone controls wealth. It then invokes the divine pair, Mitra and Varuna, highlighting their skilled hands that protect the precious nectar ('amrita') within the cows, symbolizing life and abundance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मनो न यः अध्वनः सद्यः एत्येकः mánaḥ ná yáḥ ádhvanaḥ sadyás éti (11 syllables)
- B. एकः सत्रा सféle वस्व ईशे ékaḥ satrā́ sū́raḥ vásvaḥ īśe (11 syllables)
- C. राजान मित्रावरुणा सुपाणी rā́jānā mitrā́váruṇā supāṇī́ (11 syllables)
- D. गोषु प्रियं अमृतं रक्षमाणा góṣu priyám amŕ̥tam rákṣamāṇā (11 syllables)
मनो (mánaḥ)
mind
न (ná)
like
यः (yáḥ)
who
अध्वनः (ádhvanaḥ)
paths
सद्यः (sadyás)
swiftly
एत्येकः (éti)
goes
एकः (ékaḥ)
alone
सत्रा (satrā́)
always
सféle (sū́raḥ)
Sun
वस्व (vásvaḥ)
of wealth
ईशे (īśe)
rules
राजान (rā́jānā)
kings
मित्रावरुणा (mitrā́váruṇā)
Mitra and Varuna
सुपाणी (supāṇī́)
skilled hands
गोषु (góṣu)
in cows
प्रियं (priyám)
beloved
अमृतं (amŕ̥tam)
ambrosia
रक्षमाणा (rákṣamāṇā)
protecting
Stanza 1.71.10
मा नो॑ अग्ने स॒ख्या पित्र्या॑णि॒ प्र म॑र्षिष्ठा अ॒भि वि॒दुष्क॒विः सन् | नभो॒ न रू॒पं ज॑रि॒मा मि॑नाति पु॒रा तस्या॑ अ॒भिश॑स्ते॒रधी॑हि ||
mā́ no agne sakhyā́ pítryāṇi prá marṣiṣṭhā abhí vidúṣ kavíḥ sán nábho ná rūpáṁ jarimā́ mināti purā́ tásyā abhíśaster ádhīhi
O knowledgeable Agni, please don't forget our ancestral friendship. Old age, like a cloud, fades our appearance. Protect us before that affliction arrives.
This is a plea to Agni, the knowledgeable sage, not to forget the sacred bond ('friendship') inherited from ancestors. The verse warns that aging, like a cloud obscuring the sky, diminishes appearance and vitality. Therefore, it implores Agni to protect the speaker before this decline or misfortune occurs.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मा नः अग्ने सख्या पित्र्याणि mā́ naḥ agne sakhyā́ pítryāṇi (11 syllables)
- B. प्र मर्षिष्ठाः अभि विदुः कविः सन् prá marṣiṣṭhāḥ abhí vidúḥ kavíḥ sán (11 syllables)
- C. नभः न रूपं जरिमा मिनाति nábhaḥ ná rūpám jarimā́ mināti (11 syllables)
- D. पुरा तस्याः अभिश्तेः अधि इहि purā́ tásyāḥ abhíśasteḥ ádhi ihi (11 syllables)
मा (mā́)
not
नः (naḥ)
us
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
सख्या (sakhyā́)
friendships
पित्र्याणि (pítryāṇi)
ancestral
प्र (prá)
away
मर्षिष्ठाः (marṣiṣṭhāḥ)
forget
अभि (abhí)
fully
विदुः (vidúḥ)
knowing
कविः (kavíḥ)
sage
सन् (sán)
being
नभः (nábhaḥ)
cloud
न (ná)
like
रूपं (rūpám)
form
जरिमा (jarimā́)
old age
मिनाति (mināti)
impairs
पुरा (purā́)
before
तस्याः (tásyāḥ)
that
अभिश्तेः (abhíśasteḥ)
affliction
अधि (ádhi)
upon
इहि (ihi)
think