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Stanza 1.65.1
प॒श्वा न ता॒युं गुहा॒ चत॑न्तं॒ नमो॑ युजा॒नं नमो॒ वह॑न्तम् ||
paśvā́ ná tāyúṁ gúhā cátantaṁ námo yujānáṁ námo váhantam
Like a thief caught hiding in a secret place with stolen cattle, you receive worship, and you carry worship to the gods.
This verse describes someone or something, perhaps a divine being or a natural force, that is hard to find, like a thief hiding in a dark cave with stolen goods. It highlights the act of receiving and giving worship, emphasizing that this entity is the recipient of these offerings.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. पश्वा न तायुं गुहा चतन्तं paśvā́ ná tāyúm gúhā cátantam (10 syllables)
- B. नमो युजां नमो वह्न्तम् námaḥ yujānám námaḥ váhantam (10 syllables)
पश्वा (paśvā́)
with cattle
न (ná)
like
तायुं (tāyúm)
thief
गुहा (gúhā)
in a secret place/cave
चतन्तं (cátantam)
hiding
नमो (námaḥ)
worship/obeisance
युजां (yujānám)
harnessing/joining
नमो (námaḥ)
worship/obeisance
वह्न्तम् (váhantam)
carrying
Stanza 1.65.2
स॒जोषा॒ धीराः॑ प॒दैरनु॑ ग्म॒न्नुप॑ त्वा सीद॒न्विश्वे॒ यज॑त्राः ||
sajóṣā dhī́rāḥ padaír ánu gmann úpa tvā sīdan víśve yájatrāḥ
Wise and united, they followed your footprints. All the worthy ones then sat near you.
Those who are wise and in agreement, following the tracks, are now gathering near you. They are described as 'yajatrah', meaning they are worthy of worship and are settling around you, showing reverence.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. सजोषाः धीराः पदैः अनु गम्न sajóṣāḥ dhī́rāḥ padaíḥ ánu gman (10 syllables)
- B. उप त्वा सीदन् विश्वे यजत्राः úpa tvā sīdan víśve yájatrāḥ (10 syllables)
सजोषाः (sajóṣāḥ)
united in feeling/liking
धीराः (dhī́rāḥ)
wise/intelligent
पदैः (padaíḥ)
by footprints/steps
अनु (ánu)
along/following
गम्न (gman)
they went/followed
उप (úpa)
near
त्वा (tvā)
you
सीदन् (sīdan)
they sat
विश्वे (víśve)
all
यजत्राः (yájatrāḥ)
worthy of worship/invocations
Stanza 1.65.3
ऋ॒तस्य॑ दे॒वा अनु॑ व्र॒ता गु॒र्भुव॒त्परि॑ष्टि॒र्द्यौर्न भूम॑ ||
r̥tásya devā́ ánu vratā́ gur bhúvat páriṣṭir dyaúr ná bhū́ma
The gods followed the paths of Rta. A great encompassing presence formed, like the sky above the earth.
The gods are following the ordered ways of 'Rta' (cosmic order/truth). A grand, encompassing presence is formed, like the sky surrounding the earth, signifying a vast and all-encompassing structure or influence.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. ऋतस्य देवाः अनु व्रता गुः r̥tásya devā́ḥ ánu vratā́ guḥ (10 syllables)
- B. भुवत् परिष्टिः द्यौः न भूम bhúvat páriṣṭiḥ dyaúḥ ná bhū́ma (10 syllables)
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of Rta (cosmic order/truth)
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
अनु (ánu)
following
व्रता (vratā́)
vows/observances/paths
गुः (guḥ)
they went/followed
भुवत् (bhúvat)
became
परिष्टिः (páriṣṭiḥ)
encompassing/surrounding
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
sky
न (ná)
like
भूम (bhū́ma)
earth
Stanza 1.65.4
वर्ध॑न्ती॒मापः॑ प॒न्वा सुशि॑श्विमृ॒तस्य॒ योना॒ गर्भे॒ सुजा॑तम् ||
várdhantīm ā́paḥ panvā́ súśiśvim r̥tásya yónā gárbhe sújātam
The waters, with praise, nourish the excellent child, born well in the lap and womb of Rta.
Waters are nourishing something or someone like a 'fine child' born in the womb of 'Rta' (cosmic order). This nurturing is done with praise and through the proper place, indicating a supportive and divinely ordained environment for growth.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. वर्धन्ती ईं आपः पन्वा सुशिश्विम várdhanti īm ā́paḥ panvā́ súśiśvim (10 syllables)
- B. ऋतस्य योना गर्भे सुजातं r̥tásya yónā gárbhe sújātam (10 syllables)
वर्धन्ती (várdhanti)
they nourish/increase
ईं (īm)
them (referring to the child)
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
पन्वा (panvā́)
with praise
सुशिश्विम (súśiśvim)
excellent child
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of Rta (cosmic order/truth)
योना (yónā)
in the lap/womb/place
गर्भे (gárbhe)
in the womb
सुजातं (sújātam)
well-born
Stanza 1.65.5
पु॒ष्टिर्न र॒ण्वा क्षि॒तिर्न पृ॒थ्वी गि॒रिर्न भुज्म॒ क्षोदो॒ न श॒म्भु ||
puṣṭír ná raṇvā́ kṣitír ná pr̥thvī́ girír ná bhújma kṣódo ná śambhú
Like good fortune, like a broad dwelling, like a fruitful mountain, like a refreshing stream.
This verse uses a series of similes to describe something as beneficial and nurturing as good fortune, a spacious home, a fruitful mountain, and a refreshing stream. These comparisons evoke a sense of abundance, stability, and life-giving qualities.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. पुष्टिः न रध्वा क्षितिः न पृथ्वी puṣṭíḥ ná raṇvā́ kṣitíḥ ná pr̥thvī́ (10 syllables)
- B. गिरिः न भुज्म क्षोदः न शम्भु giríḥ ná bhújma kṣódaḥ ná śambhú (10 syllables)
पुष्टिः (puṣṭíḥ)
prosperity/fortune
न (ná)
like
रध्वा (raṇvā́)
delightful/pleasing
क्षितिः (kṣitíḥ)
dwelling/abode
न (ná)
like
पृथ्वी (pr̥thvī́)
wide/extensive
गिरिः (giríḥ)
mountain
न (ná)
like
भुज्म (bhújma)
fruitful/bearing fruit
क्षोदः (kṣódaḥ)
stream/river
न (ná)
like
शम्भु (śambhú)
refreshing/beneficial
Stanza 1.65.6
अत्यो॒ नाज्म॒न्त्सर्ग॑प्रतक्तः॒ सिन्धु॒र्न क्षोदः॒ क ईं॑ वराते ||
átyo nā́jman sárgaprataktaḥ síndhur ná kṣódaḥ ká īṁ varāte
Like a racehorse urged on in its course, like the rapids of the river – who can hold it back?
This verse compares a powerful entity to a fast-moving horse and the rushing current of a river. It poses a rhetorical question about who can possibly stop or control such an unstoppable force, highlighting its immense power and momentum.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. अत्यः न आज्मन् सर्गप्रतक्तः átyaḥ ná ájman sárgaprataktaḥ (10 syllables)
- B. सिन्धुः न क्षोदः कः ईं वराते síndhuḥ ná kṣódaḥ káḥ īm varāte (10 syllables)
अत्यः (átyaḥ)
horse
न (ná)
like
आज्मन् (ájman)
in the course/path
सर्गप्रतक्तः (sárgaprataktaḥ)
driven forward in a race
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
river
न (ná)
like
क्षोदः (kṣódaḥ)
rapids/flow of a river
कः (káḥ)
who
ईं (īm)
him
वराते (varāte)
holds back/restrains
Stanza 1.65.7
जा॒मिः सिन्धू॑नां॒ भ्राते॑व॒ स्वस्रा॒मिभ्या॒न्न राजा॒ वना॑न्यत्ति ||
jāmíḥ síndhūnām bhrā́teva svásrām íbhyān ná rā́jā vánāny atti
A relative of the rivers, like a brother to his sisters. Like a king, he consumes the forests.
This verse describes a powerful entity that is closely related to the rivers, much like a brother to his sisters. It also likens its actions to a king's power, consuming or taking over forests, implying a dominant and perhaps extractive relationship with its environment.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. जामिः सिन्धूनां भ्राते इव स्वस्त्रां jāmíḥ síndhūnām bhrā́tā iva svásrām (10 syllables)
- B. इभ्यान् न राजा वनानि अत्ति íbhyān ná rā́jā vánāni atti (10 syllables)
जामिः (jāmíḥ)
relative/kinsman
सिन्धूनां (síndhūnām)
of the rivers
भ्राते (bhrā́tā)
brother
इव (iva)
like
स्वस्त्रां (svásrām)
of the sisters (rivers)
इभ्यान् (íbhyān)
wealthy ones/elephants (metaphor for power)
न (ná)
like
राजा (rā́jā)
king
वनानि (vánāni)
forests
अत्ति (atti)
eats/consumes
Stanza 1.65.8
यद्वात॑जूतो॒ वना॒ व्यस्था॑द॒ग्निर्ह॑ दाति॒ रोमा॑ पृथि॒व्याः ||
yád vā́tajūto vánā vy ásthād agnír ha dāti rómā pr̥thivyā́ḥ
When, driven by the wind, it spreads through the forests, Agni (fire) truly shears the hair of the earth.
When this entity, driven by the wind, spreads through the forests, it's depicted as 'Agni' (fire) metaphorically 'shearing the hair' of the earth. This suggests a powerful, transformative, and perhaps destructive force that affects the landscape.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. यत् वाताजूतः वना वि अस्थात् yát vā́tajūtaḥ vánā ví ásthāt (10 syllables)
- B. अग्निः ह दाति रोमा पृथिव्याः agníḥ ha dāti róma + pr̥thivyā́ḥ (10 syllables)
यत् (yát)
when
वाताजूतः (vā́tajūtaḥ)
wind-driven
वना (vánā)
forests
वि (ví)
apart/spread
अस्थात् (ásthāt)
he stood/spread
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
ह (ha)
indeed/truly
दाति (dāti)
shears/cuts
रोमा (róma +)
hair
पृथिव्याः (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
Stanza 1.65.9
श्वसि॑त्य॒प्सु हं॒सो न सीद॒न्क्रत्वा॒ चेति॑ष्ठो वि॒शामु॑ष॒र्भुत् ||
śvásity apsú haṁsó ná sī́dan krátvā cétiṣṭho viśā́m uṣarbhút
Breathing in the waters, like a swan sitting, he is the most intelligent by his wisdom among people, rising early.
This verse portrays a being that is active in the waters, like a swan. It's described as the 'most wise in mind' and 'most famous' among people, waking up early, suggesting intelligence, prominence, and a connection to the dawn.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. श्वसिति अप्स् हंसः न सीदन् śvásiti apsú haṃsáḥ ná sī́dan (10 syllables)
- B. क्रत्वा चेतिष्ठः विशाम् उषर्भुत् krátvā cétiṣṭhaḥ viśā́m uṣarbhút (10 syllables)
श्वसिति (śvásiti)
he breathes/pants/hisses
अप्स् (apsú)
in the waters
हंसः (haṃsáḥ)
swan
न (ná)
like
सीदन् (sī́dan)
sitting
क्रत्वा (krátvā)
by strength/wisdom
चेतिष्ठः (cétiṣṭhaḥ)
most wise/intelligent
विशाम् (viśā́m)
of the people/tribes
उषर्भुत् (uṣarbhút)
awakening at dawn/early riser
Stanza 1.65.10
सोमो॒ न वे॒धा ऋ॒तप्र॑जातः प॒शुर्न शिश्वा॑ वि॒भुर्दू॒रेभाः॑ ||
sómo ná vedhā́ r̥táprajātaḥ paśúr ná śíśvā vibhúr dūrébhāḥ
Like Soma, the wise performer of rites, born of Rta, like a young animal, mighty and far-shining.
This verse compares the subject to Soma (a divine drink and deity), describing him as wise and born from cosmic order ('Rta'). He is also likened to a young, powerful, and far-reaching creature, suggesting growth, immense capabilities, and a vast presence.
Meter: Dvipada
- A. सोमः न वेधाः ऋतप्रजातः sómaḥ ná vedhā́ḥ r̥táprajātaḥ (10 syllables)
- B. पशुः न शिश्वा विभुः दूरीभः paśúḥ ná śíśvā vibhúḥ dūrébhāḥ (10 syllables)
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma (divine drink/deity)
न (ná)
like
वेधाः (vedhā́ḥ)
wise performer/arranger
ऋतप्रजातः (r̥táprajātaḥ)
born from Rta (cosmic order)
पशुः (paśúḥ)
animal/beast
न (ná)
like
शिश्वा (śíśvā)
as a young one/child (instrumental)
विभुः (vibhúḥ)
mighty/all-pervading
दूरीभः (dūrébhāḥ)
shining afar/distant