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Stanza 1.58.1
नू चि॑त्सहो॒जा अ॒मृतो॒ नि तु॑न्दते॒ होता॒ यद्दू॒तो अभ॑वद्वि॒वस्व॑तः | वि साधि॑ष्ठेभिः प॒थिभी॒ रजो॑ मम॒ आ दे॒वता॑ता ह॒विषा॑ विवासति ||
nū́ cit sahojā́ amŕ̥to ní tundate hótā yád dūtó ábhavad vivásvataḥ ví sā́dhiṣṭhebhiḥ pathíbhī rájo mama ā́ devátātā havíṣā vivāsati
Even now, the immortal, the mighty one, doesn't falter, because he serves as the messenger of Vivasvan. Moving through the best paths, he fills the sky with his presence, and with offerings, he is adored by the deities.
This verse introduces Agni, the fire god, as a powerful and immortal being, described as the "Son of Strength." He's portrayed as a messenger, acting as a divine herald for Vivasvan (likely the sun). Agni is shown actively engaging with the world, moving through spaces using his excellent paths, and receiving offerings with devotion.
Meter: Jagati
- A. नू चि सहोजा अमृत नि तुन्दते nú + cit sahojā́ḥ amŕ̥taḥ ní tundate (12 syllables)
- B. होता यत् दूत अभवत् विवस्वत hótā yát dūtáḥ ábhavat vivásvataḥ (12 syllables)
- C. वि साधिष्ठेभि पथिभी रजो ममे ví sā́dhiṣṭhebhiḥ pathíbhiḥ rájaḥ mame (12 syllables)
- D. आ देवताता हविषा विवमति ā́ devátātā havíṣā vivāsati (12 syllables)
नू (nú +)
now
चि (cit)
indeed
सहोजा (sahojā́ḥ)
possessing great strength
अमृत (amŕ̥taḥ)
immortal
नि (ní)
down
तुन्दते (tundate)
moves or makes his way
होता (hótā)
offerer of oblations, priest
यत् (yát)
when
दूत (dūtáḥ)
messenger
अभवत् (ábhavat)
he became
विवस्वत (vivásvataḥ)
of Vivasvan (sun)
वि (ví)
apart, widely
साधिष्ठेभि (sā́dhiṣṭhebhiḥ)
best, most effective
पथिभी (pathíbhiḥ)
paths, ways
रजो (rájaḥ)
sky, atmosphere
ममे (mame)
measured, filled
आ (ā́)
up to, towards
देवताता (devátātā)
in the presence of the gods
हविषा (havíṣā)
with offerings
विवमति (vivāsati)
adorns, worships
Stanza 1.58.2
आ स्वमद्म॑ यु॒वमा॑नो अ॒जर॑स्तृ॒ष्व॑वि॒ष्यन्न॑त॒सेषु॑ तिष्ठति | अत्यो॒ न पृ॒ष्ठं प्रु॑षि॒तस्य॑ रोचते दि॒वो न सानु॑ स्त॒नय॑न्नचिक्रदत् ||
ā́ svám ádma yuvámāno ajáras tr̥ṣv àviṣyánn ataséṣu tiṣṭhati átyo ná pr̥ṣṭhám pruṣitásya rocate divó ná sā́nu stanáyann acikradat
Moving swiftly, the unaging one, embracing his own food, stands among the dry brush, eager. He shines like a horse gleaming with moisture. Like a mountain peak of the sky, he roared loudly.
This stanza vividly describes Agni's fiery nature. He's depicted as consuming his own sustenance, moving rapidly through dry materials. His brilliance is compared to a swift horse, and his powerful roar is likened to the thundering sound from the heavens. He is presented as an eternal, unaging force.
Meter: Jagati
- A. आ स्वम् अद्म युवमान अजर ā́ svám ádma yuvámānaḥ ajáraḥ (12 syllables)
- B. तृषु अविष्यान् अतसेषु तिष्ठति tr̥ṣú aviṣyán ataséṣu tiṣṭhati (12 syllables)
- C. अत्य न पृष्ठ प्रुषितस्य रोचते átyaḥ ná pr̥ṣṭhám pruṣitásya rocate (12 syllables)
- D. दिव न सानु स्तनयन् अचिक्रदत् diváḥ ná sā́nu stanáyan acikradat (12 syllables)
आ (ā́)
up, on
स्वम् (svám)
own
अद्म (ádma)
food
युवमान (yuvámānaḥ)
moving swiftly
अजर (ajáraḥ)
unaging, eternal
तृषु (tr̥ṣú)
dry
अविष्यान् (aviṣyán)
desiring, eager
अतसेषु (ataséṣu)
in the dry brushwood
तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati)
stands, remains
अत्य (átyaḥ)
horse
न (ná)
like
पृष्ठ (pr̥ṣṭhám)
back, surface
प्रुषितस्य (pruṣitásya)
moistened, sprinkled
रोचते (rocate)
shines, gleams
दिव (diváḥ)
of the sky
न (ná)
like
सानु (sā́nu)
peak, summit
स्तनयन् (stanáyan)
thundering, roaring
अचिक्रदत् (acikradat)
he roared, cried out
Stanza 1.58.3
क्रा॒णा रु॒द्रेभि॒र्वसु॑भिः पु॒रोहि॑तो॒ होता॒ निष॑त्तो रयि॒षाळम॑र्त्यः | रथो॒ न वि॒क्ष्वृ॑ञ्जसा॒न आ॒युषु॒ व्या॑नु॒षग्वार्या॑ दे॒व ऋ॑ण्वति ||
krāṇā́ rudrébhir vásubhiḥ puróhito hótā níṣatto rayiṣā́ḷ ámartyaḥ rátho ná vikṣv r̥̀ñjasāná āyúṣu vy āā̀nuṣág vā́ryā devá r̥ṇvati
Having been chosen by the Rudras and Vasus, the immortal one, the wealthy conqueror, sits as the High Priest. Like a chariot, he moves quickly among the clans, and the god promptly bestows desired boons.
Agni is depicted as being established by divine beings, the Rudras and Vasus, to serve as their priest (Purohita). He is the immortal "High Priest" (Hotar) and "Conqueror of Wealth." Like a swift chariot, he moves rapidly among people and beings, and as a god, he reveals desirable blessings without delay.
Meter: Jagati
- A. क्राणा रुद्रेभि वसुभि पुरोहित krāṇā́ rudrébhiḥ vásubhiḥ puróhitaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. होता निषत्तः रयिषाट् अमर्त्य hótā níṣattaḥ rayiṣā́ṭ ámartyaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. रथ न विक्षु ऋञ्जसान आयुषु ráthaḥ ná vikṣú r̥ñjasānáḥ āyúṣu (12 syllables)
- D. वि आनुषक् वार्या देव ऋण्वति ví ānuṣák vā́ryā deváḥ r̥ṇvati (12 syllables)
क्राणा (krāṇā́)
striving, reaching
रुद्रेभि (rudrébhiḥ)
by the Rudras
वसुभि (vásubhiḥ)
by the Vasus
पुरोहित (puróhitaḥ)
placed in front, appointed priest
होता (hótā)
offerer of oblations, priest
निषत्तः (níṣattaḥ)
seated, established
रयिषाट् (rayiṣā́ṭ)
conqueror of wealth
अमर्त्य (ámartyaḥ)
immortal
रथ (ráthaḥ)
chariot
न (ná)
like
विक्षु (vikṣú)
among the people, clans
ऋञ्जसान (r̥ñjasānáḥ)
moving quickly, advancing
आयुषु (āyúṣu)
among the living beings
वि (ví)
apart, widely
आनुषक् (ānuṣák)
in succession, promptly
वार्या (vā́ryā)
desirable things, boons
देव (deváḥ)
god
ऋण्वति (r̥ṇvati)
bestows, grants
Stanza 1.58.4
वि वात॑जूतो अत॒सेषु॑ तिष्ठते॒ वृथा॑ जु॒हूभिः॒ सृण्या॑ तुवि॒ष्वणिः॑ | तृ॒षु यद॑ग्ने व॒निनो॑ वृषा॒यसे॑ कृ॒ष्णं त॒ एम॒ रुश॑दूर्मे अजर ||
ví vā́tajūto ataséṣu tiṣṭhate vŕ̥thā juhū́bhiḥ sŕ̥ṇyā tuviṣváṇiḥ tr̥ṣú yád agne vaníno vr̥ṣāyáse kr̥ṣṇáṁ ta éma rúśadūrme ajara
Driven by the wind, he moves through the dry brush with his roaring tongues. O Agni, when you rush like a bull towards the wood, your path becomes dark with shining waves.
Agni is described as being driven by the wind, spreading through dry brushwood with his fiery "tongues" and a mighty roar. The verse directly addresses Agni, asking about his path, which is described as dark ("black") with "glittering waves" of flame, comparing his movement to a bull rushing towards trees.
Meter: Jagati
- A. वि वा aizūत अतसेषु तिष्ठते ví vā́tajūtaḥ ataséṣu tiṣṭhate (12 syllables)
- B. वृथा जुहूभि सृण्या तुविष्वाणि vŕ̥thā juhū́bhiḥ sŕ̥ṇyā tuviṣváṇiḥ (12 syllables)
- C. तृषु यद अग्ने वनिन वृषांयसे tr̥ṣú yát agne vanínaḥ vr̥ṣāyáse (12 syllables)
- D. कृष्ण ते एम रुशदूर्मे अजर kr̥ṣṇám te éma rúśadūrme ajara (12 syllables)
वि (ví)
apart, widely
वा aizūत (vā́tajūtaḥ)
wind-driven
अतसेषु (ataséṣu)
in the dry brushwood
तिष्ठते (tiṣṭhate)
moves, stands
वृथा (vŕ̥thā)
freely, at will
जुहूभि (juhū́bhiḥ)
with tongues (like ladles)
सृण्या (sŕ̥ṇyā)
with a sickle (of flame)
तुविष्वाणि (tuviṣváṇiḥ)
roaring loudly
तृषु (tr̥ṣú)
thirsty
यद (yát)
when
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
वनिन (vanínaḥ)
trees, wood
वृषांयसे (vr̥ṣāyáse)
you rush like a bull
कृष्ण (kr̥ṣṇám)
black
ते (te)
your
एम (éma)
path, course
रुशदूर्मे (rúśadūrme)
with glittering waves (of flame)
अजर (ajara)
unaging
Stanza 1.58.5
तपु॑र्जम्भो॒ वन॒ आ वात॑चोदितो यू॒थे न सा॒ह्वाँ अव॑ वाति॒ वंस॑गः | अ॒भि॒व्रज॒न्नक्षि॑तं॒ पाज॑सा॒ रजः॑ स्था॒तुश्च॒रथं॑ भयते पत॒त्रिणः॑ ||
tápurjambho vána ā́ vā́tacodito yūthé ná sāhvā́m̐ áva vāti váṁsagaḥ abhivrájann ákṣitam pā́jasā rája sthātúś carátham bhayate patatríṇaḥ
With fiery jaws, driven by the wind, he moves through the forest like a strong bull upon a herd. As he spreads his bright energy, the stationary, the moving, and the birds become afraid.
Agni's destructive power is highlighted here. With "flame-like jaws" and driven by the wind, he sweeps through the forest like a powerful bull charging a herd. His bright energy moves towards the sky, causing all beings, both stationary and moving, along with birds, to become fearful.
Meter: Jagati
- A. तपुर्जम्भ वने आ वातचोदित tápurjambhaḥ váne ā́ vā́tacoditaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. यूथे न साह्वां अव वाति वंसग yūthé ná sāhvā́n áva vāti váṃsagaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. अभिव्रजन अक्षित पाजसा रज abhivrájan ákṣitam pā́jasā rájaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. स्थातु चरथ भयते पतत्रिण sthātúḥ carátham bhayate patatríṇaḥ (12 syllables)
तपुर्जम्भ (tápurjambhaḥ)
having fiery jaws
वने (váne)
in the forest
आ (ā́)
on, upon
वातचोदित (vā́tacoditaḥ)
wind-driven
यूथे (yūthé)
in a herd
न (ná)
like
साह्वां (sāhvā́n)
triumphant, conquering
अव (áva)
down
वाति (vāti)
moves, blows
वंसग (váṃsagaḥ)
bull
अभिव्रजन (abhivrájan)
moving forth, advancing
अक्षित (ákṣitam)
imperishable, eternal
पाजसा (pā́jasā)
with strength, power
रज (rájaḥ)
atmosphere, sky
स्थातु (sthātúḥ)
stationary things
चरथ (carátham)
moving things
भयते (bhayate)
fears, is afraid
पतत्रिण (patatríṇaḥ)
birds
Stanza 1.58.6
द॒धुष्ट्वा॒ भृग॑वो॒ मानु॑षे॒ष्वा र॒यिं न चारुं॑ सु॒हवं॒ जने॑भ्यः | होता॑रमग्ने॒ अति॑थिं॒ वरे॑ण्यं मि॒त्रं न शेवं॑ दि॒व्याय॒ जन्म॑ने ||
dadhúṣ ṭvā bhŕ̥gavo mā́nuṣeṣv ā́ rayíṁ ná cā́ruṁ suhávaṁ jánebhyaḥ hótāram agne átithiṁ váreṇyam mitráṁ ná śévaṁ divyā́ya jánmane
The Bhrigus have established you among people, like a delightful treasure, easy to call upon. O Agni, you are the desired guest and herald, like a friendly presence for the divine world.
The Bhrigu sages are credited with establishing Agni among humans as a valuable treasure, easy to invoke. He is presented as a beloved "guest" and "herald" (Hotar) among them, and also as a friendly, auspicious presence for the divine realm.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दधु त्वा भृगव मानु आ dadhúḥ tvā bhŕ̥gavaḥ mā́nuṣeṣu ā́ (11 syllables)
- B. रयिं न चारु सुहवं जनेभ्य rayím ná cā́rum suhávam jánebhyaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. होतार अग्ने अतिथि वरेण्य hótāram agne átithim váreṇyam (11 syllables)
- D. मित्र न शेव दिव्याय जन्मने mitrám ná śévam divyā́ya jánmane (12 syllables)
दधु (dadhúḥ)
they placed, established
त्वा (tvā)
you
भृगव (bhŕ̥gavaḥ)
the Bhrigus (sages)
मानु (mā́nuṣeṣu)
among humans
आ (ā́)
among, in
रयिं (rayím)
treasure
न (ná)
like
चारु (cā́rum)
beautiful, delightful
सुहवं (suhávam)
easy to invoke
जनेभ्य (jánebhyaḥ)
for people
होतार (hótāram)
herald, priest
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अतिथि (átithim)
guest
वरेण्य (váreṇyam)
choice, excellent
मित्र (mitrám)
friend
न (ná)
like
शेव (śévam)
auspicious, gracious
दिव्याय (divyā́ya)
for the divine
जन्मने (jánmane)
for birth, race
Stanza 1.58.7
होता॑रं स॒प्त जु॒ह्वो॒३॒॑ यजि॑ष्ठं॒ यं वा॒घतो॑ वृ॒णते॑ अध्व॒रेषु॑ | अ॒ग्निं विश्वे॑षामर॒तिं वसू॑नां सप॒र्यामि॒ प्रय॑सा॒ यामि॒ रत्न॑म् ||
hótāraṁ saptá juhvò yájiṣṭhaṁ yáṁ vāgháto vr̥ṇáte adhvaréṣu agníṁ víśveṣām aratíṁ vásūnāṁ saparyā́mi práyasā yā́mi rátnam
I worship Agni, the best sacrificer, the ruler of all wealth, whom the seven ladles and the worshippers choose. I serve him with devotion, seeking riches.
The speaker addresses Agni, acknowledging him as the "best sacrificer" and the "steward of all wealth." Agni is served by seven "ladles" (likely representing ritual implements or flames) and is chosen by priests ("worshippers") during sacrifices. The speaker expresses their devotion and desire for riches.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. होतार सप्त जुह्व यजिष्ठ hótāram saptá juhvàḥ yájiṣṭham (11 syllables)
- B. य वाघत वृणते अध्वरेषु yám vāghátaḥ vr̥ṇáte adhvaréṣu (11 syllables)
- C. अग्निम् विश्वेषा अरति वसूना agním víśveṣām aratím vásūnām (11 syllables)
- D. सपर्यमि प्रयसा यामि रत्न saparyā́mi práyasā yā́mi rátnam (11 syllables)
होतार (hótāram)
herald, priest
सप्त (saptá)
seven
जुह्व (juhvàḥ)
ladles, tongues
यजिष्ठ (yájiṣṭham)
best sacrificer
य (yám)
whom
वाघत (vāghátaḥ)
worshippers, singers
वृणते (vr̥ṇáte)
they choose
अध्वरेषु (adhvaréṣu)
in sacrifices, rituals
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni
विश्वेषा (víśveṣām)
of all
अरति (aratím)
ruler, steward
वसूना (vásūnām)
of treasures, Vasus
सपर्यमि (saparyā́mi)
I worship, serve
प्रयसा (práyasā)
with food, devotion
यामि (yā́mi)
I seek, go towards
रत्न (rátnam)
treasure, riches
Stanza 1.58.8
अच्छि॑द्रा सूनो सहसो नो अ॒द्य स्तो॒तृभ्यो॑ मित्रमहः॒ शर्म॑ यच्छ | अग्ने॑ गृ॒णन्त॒मंह॑स उरु॒ष्योर्जो॑ नपात्पू॒र्भिराय॑सीभिः ||
áchidrā sūno sahaso no adyá stotŕ̥bhyo mitramahaḥ śárma yacha ágne gr̥ṇántam áṁhasa uruṣyórjo napāt pūrbhír ā́yasībhiḥ
O Son of Strength, great in friendship, grant us flawless protection today! O Agni, offspring of vigor, protect the singer from distress with iron fortresses.
This verse is a prayer to Agni, the "Son of Strength" and "great in friendship." The speaker asks Agni for flawless protection for themselves and for those who praise him. Agni is also urged to safeguard the praiser from harm, using his "iron forts" as a metaphor for powerful defenses.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अच्छिद्रा सूनो सहस न अद्य áchidrā sūno sahasaḥ naḥ adyá (11 syllables)
- B. स्तोतृभ्य मित्रमह शर्म यच्छ stotŕ̥bhyaḥ mitramahaḥ śárma yacha (11 syllables)
- C. अग्ने गृणन्त अंहस उरुष्य ágne gr̥ṇántam áṃhasaḥ uruṣya (11 syllables)
- D. ऊर्ज नपात् पुर्भि आयसीभि ū́rjaḥ napāt pūrbhíḥ ā́yasībhiḥ (11 syllables)
अच्छिद्रा (áchidrā)
flawless, unimpaired
सूनो (sūno)
O son
सहस (sahasaḥ)
of strength
न (naḥ)
to us
अद्य (adyá)
today
स्तोतृभ्य (stotŕ̥bhyaḥ)
to the praisers
मित्रमह (mitramahaḥ)
great in friendship
शर्म (śárma)
refuge, protection
यच्छ (yacha)
grant, give
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
गृणन्त (gr̥ṇántam)
the one who praises
अंहस (áṃhasaḥ)
from distress, affliction
उरुष्य (uruṣya)
protect, guard
ऊर्ज (ū́rjaḥ)
of vigor, strength
नपात् (napāt)
O offspring
पुर्भि (pūrbhíḥ)
with forts
आयसीभि (ā́yasībhiḥ)
iron
Stanza 1.58.9
भवा॒ वरू॑थं गृण॒ते वि॑भावो॒ भवा॑ मघवन्म॒घव॑द्भ्यः॒ शर्म॑ | उ॒रु॒ष्याग्ने॒ अंह॑सो गृ॒णन्तं॑ प्रा॒तर्म॒क्षू धि॒याव॑सुर्जगम्यात् ||
bhávā várūthaṁ gr̥ṇaté vibhāvo bhávā maghavan maghávadbhyaḥ śárma uruṣyā́gne áṁhaso gr̥ṇántam prātár makṣū́ dhiyā́vasur jagamyāt
Be a refuge for the singer, O radiant one; be protection for the wealthy. O Agni, protect the one who praises you from distress. May the one rich in devotion come quickly.
This verse continues the plea to Agni, asking him to be a "refuge" and "shelter" for those who praise him and for the wealthy. Agni is urged to protect the praiser from harm, and the speaker hopes that the one who provides wealth through devotion will "come soon and early."
Meter: Tristubh
- A. भव वरूथ गृणते विभाव bháva + várūtham gr̥ṇaté vibhāvaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. भव मघवन् मघवद्भ्य शर्म bháva + maghavan maghávadbhyaḥ śárma (11 syllables)
- C. उरुष्य अग्ने अंहस गृणन्त uruṣyá agne áṃhasaḥ gr̥ṇántam (11 syllables)
- D. प्रात मक्षू धियावसु जगम्यात् prātár makṣú + dhiyā́vasuḥ jagamyāt (11 syllables)
भव (bháva +)
be
वरूथ (várūtham)
refuge, shelter
गृणते (gr̥ṇaté)
to the one who praises
विभाव (vibhāvaḥ)
O radiant one
भव (bháva +)
be
मघवन् (maghavan)
O wealthy one
मघवद्भ्य (maghávadbhyaḥ)
for the wealthy
शर्म (śárma)
protection
उरुष्य (uruṣyá)
protect
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अंहस (áṃhasaḥ)
from distress
गृणन्त (gr̥ṇántam)
the one who praises
प्रात (prātár)
in the morning
मक्षू (makṣú +)
quickly
धियावसु (dhiyā́vasuḥ)
one rich in devotion
जगम्यात् (jagamyāt)
may he come