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Stanza 1.52.1
त्यं सु मे॒षं म॑हया स्व॒र्विदं॑ श॒तं यस्य॑ सु॒भ्वः॑ सा॒कमीर॑ते | अत्यं॒ न वाजं॑ हवन॒स्यदं॒ रथ॒मेन्द्रं॑ ववृत्या॒मव॑से सुवृ॒क्तिभिः॑ ||
tyáṁ sú meṣám mahayā svarvídaṁ śatáṁ yásya subhvàḥ sākám ī́rate átyaṁ ná vā́jaṁ havanasyádaṁ rátham éndraṁ vavr̥tyām ávase suvr̥ktíbhiḥ
Hey, let's celebrate that radiant Indra, who shines with heavenly light and has a hundred strong companions! I want to welcome him with our best songs and prayers, so he comes to help us, like a powerful chariot that races towards us when called.
This verse is a call to action, asking the listener to praise and invoke Indra. Indra is described as a magnificent being, a 'ram' who brings heavenly light, accompanied by many noble followers. The poet desires to welcome Indra with heartfelt praises and hymns, seeing him as a powerful chariot that rushes to aid like a swift horse.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्यं सु मेषं महया स्व॒र्विदं॑ tyám sú meṣám mahaya + svarvídam (12 syllables)
- B. शतं यस्य सुभ्वः साकमीरते ईते śatám yásya subhvàḥ sākám ī́rate (12 syllables)
- C. अत्यं न वाजं हवनस्यदं रथं átyam ná vā́jam havanasyádam rátham (12 syllables)
- D. आ इन्द्रं ववृत्त्याम अवसे सुवृक्तिभिः ā́ índram vavr̥tyām ávase suvr̥ktíbhiḥ (12 syllables)
त्यं (tyám)
that
सु (sú)
radiant, shining
मेषं (meṣám)
ram (metaphor for strength and leadership)
महया (mahaya +)
celebrate, praise
स्व॒र्विदं॑ (svarvídam)
light-finder
शतं (śatám)
hundred
यस्य (yásya)
whose
सुभ्वः (subhvàḥ)
noble, excellent ones
साकमीरते (sākám)
together, along with
ईते (ī́rate)
go forth, proceed
अत्यं (átyam)
swift, moving fast
न (ná)
like, as
वाजं (vā́jam)
victory, speed, food
हवनस्यदं (havanasyádam)
invitation-relishing, accepting offerings
रथं (rátham)
chariot
आ (ā́)
towards
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
ववृत्त्याम (vavr̥tyām)
may I turn, may I invoke
अवसे (ávase)
for protection, for help
सुवृक्तिभिः (suvr̥ktíbhiḥ)
with good praises, with hymns
Stanza 1.52.2
स पर्व॑तो॒ न ध॒रुणे॒ष्वच्यु॑तः स॒हस्र॑मूति॒स्तवि॑षीषु वावृधे | इन्द्रो॒ यद्वृ॒त्रमव॑धीन्नदी॒वृत॑मु॒ब्जन्नर्णां॑सि॒ जर्हृ॑षाणो॒ अन्ध॑सा ||
sá párvato ná dharúṇeṣv ácyutaḥ sahásramūtis táviṣīṣu vāvr̥dhe índro yád vr̥trám ávadhīn nadīvŕ̥tam ubjánn árṇāṁsi járhr̥ṣāṇo ándhasā
Like a solid mountain, Indra stands firm and unmovable. He's a protector with incredible power, growing stronger when needed. When he defeated Vritra, the one blocking the rivers, he freed the waters, bringing joy and flow.
Indra's immense strength and stability are compared to a mountain, showing he's unshakable. He's described as a protector with immense power ('thousandfold protection') who grows stronger in times of need. The verse highlights his decisive act of slaying Vritra, the obstructer of rivers, thereby releasing their flow and bringing life-giving water.
Meter: Jagati
- A. स पर्वतः न धरुणेष्वाच्युतः अच्युतः sá párvataḥ ná dharúṇeṣu ácyutaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. सहस्रमूर्तिः तविषीषु वावृधे sahásramūtiḥ táviṣīṣu vāvr̥dhe (12 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रः यत् वृत्रं अवधीत् नदीवृत्तं índraḥ yát vr̥trám ávadhīt nadīvŕ̥tam (12 syllables)
- D. उब्जन्नर्णांसि अर्णंसि जरहृषानो अन्धसा ubján árṇāṃsi járhr̥ṣāṇaḥ ándhasā (12 syllables)
स (sá)
he
पर्वतः (párvataḥ)
mountain
न (ná)
like, as
धरुणेष्वाच्युतः (dharúṇeṣu)
on supports, on firm ground
अच्युतः (ácyutaḥ)
unshakable, firm
सहस्रमूर्तिः (sahásramūtiḥ)
possessing a thousandfold protection
तविषीषु (táviṣīṣu)
in strengths, in might
वावृधे (vāvr̥dhe)
grew, increased
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
यत् (yát)
when
वृत्रं (vr̥trám)
Vritra (demon of drought)
अवधीत् (ávadhīt)
killed, struck down
नदीवृत्तं (nadīvŕ̥tam)
the obstruction of rivers
उब्जन्नर्णांसि (ubján)
pressing, releasing
अर्णंसि (árṇāṃsi)
waters, streams
जरहृषानो (járhr̥ṣāṇaḥ)
rejoicing, exulting
अन्धसा (ándhasā)
with Soma juice
Stanza 1.52.3
स हि द्व॒रो द्व॒रिषु॑ व॒व्र ऊध॑नि च॒न्द्रबु॑ध्नो॒ मद॑वृद्धो मनी॒षिभिः॑ | इन्द्रं॒ तम॑ह्वे स्वप॒स्यया॑ धि॒या मंहि॑ष्ठरातिं॒ स हि पप्रि॒रन्ध॑सः ||
sá hí dvaró dvaríṣu vavrá ū́dhani candrábudhno mádavr̥ddho manīṣíbhiḥ índraṁ tám ahve svapasyáyā dhiyā́ máṁhiṣṭharātiṁ sá hí páprir ándhasaḥ
He's the one who stops even obstacles and stands firm. With a bright inner strength, he grows mighty with the help of wise counsel. I've called to this Indra with my best thoughts and actions, wanting his incredible generosity.
This verse praises Indra's power to overcome obstacles, referring to him as someone who stops even those who try to obstruct ('dvarah dvarishu vavrah'). He's depicted as having a radiant core ('candrabudhna') and growing stronger with the wisdom of the 'wise' ('manishibhih'). The poet declares they have called upon this powerful Indra with skillful thought and intention, seeking his immense generosity.
Meter: Jagati
- A. स हि द्वरो द्वरिषु वव्रः ऊधनि sá hí dvaráḥ dvaríṣu vavráḥ ū́dhani (12 syllables)
- B. चन्द्रबुध्नो मदवृद्धो मनीषिभिः candrábudhnaḥ mádavr̥ddhaḥ manīṣíbhiḥ (12 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रं तं अह्वे स्वपस्यया धिया índram tám ahve svapasyáyā dhiyā́ (12 syllables)
- D. मंहिष्ठरातिं स हि पप्रिः अन्धसः máṃhiṣṭharātim sá hí pápriḥ ándhasaḥ (12 syllables)
स (sá)
he
हि (hí)
indeed
द्वरो (dvaráḥ)
obstacle
द्वरिषु (dvaríṣu)
in obstacles
वव्रः (vavráḥ)
obstructing, covering
ऊधनि (ū́dhani)
in the source, in the udder (metaphor for source of nourishment)
चन्द्रबुध्नो (candrábudhnaḥ)
having a bright bottom/foundation
मदवृद्धो (mádavr̥ddhaḥ)
strengthened by joy
मनीषिभिः (manīṣíbhiḥ)
by the wise, by the intelligent
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
तं (tám)
him
अह्वे (ahve)
I called
स्वपस्यया (svapasyáyā)
with skillful action, with good work
धिया (dhiyā́)
with thought, with intention
मंहिष्ठरातिं (máṃhiṣṭharātim)
most liberal giving, greatest generosity
स (sá)
he
हि (hí)
indeed
पप्रिः (pápriḥ)
full, abundant
अन्धसः (ándhasaḥ)
of the Soma juice
Stanza 1.52.4
आ यं पृ॒णन्ति॑ दि॒वि सद्म॑बर्हिषः समु॒द्रं न सु॒भ्व१॒॑ः स्वा अ॒भिष्ट॑यः | तं वृ॑त्र॒हत्ये॒ अनु॑ तस्थुरू॒तयः॒ शुष्मा॒ इन्द्र॑मवा॒ता अह्रु॑तप्सवः ||
ā́ yám pr̥ṇánti diví sádmabarhiṣaḥ samudráṁ ná subhvàḥ svā́ abhíṣṭayaḥ táṁ vr̥trahátye ánu tasthur ūtáyaḥ śúṣmā índram avātā́ áhrutapsavaḥ
Just like a sea is filled with rivers, Indra is filled and supported by divine powers and rituals, found in the sky. His mighty assistants and forces stand with him, especially when he fights and defeats Vritra. They are powerful and steady, helping him in his great deeds.
This verse describes how Indra is filled or supported by divine forces and offerings, like a sea filled with rivers. These powerful helpers ('shuma') and forces ('utaya') stand with him, especially during his great feats like defeating Vritra. They are described as strong and unyielding, aiding him in his mighty actions.
Meter: Jagati
- A. आ यं पृणन्ति दिवि सद्मबर्हिषः ā́ yám pr̥ṇánti diví sádmabarhiṣaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. समुद्रं न सुभ्वः स्वाः अभिष्टयः samudrám ná subhvàḥ svā́ḥ abhíṣṭayaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. तं वृत्रहत्त्ये अनु तस्थुरुतयः ऊतयः tám vr̥trahátye ánu tasthuḥ ūtáyaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. शुष्मा इन्द्रमवाता अवाताः अह्रुतपसः śúṣmāḥ índram avātā́ḥ áhrutapsavaḥ (12 syllables)
आ (ā́)
towards
यं (yám)
whom
पृणन्ति (pr̥ṇánti)
fill, satisfy
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
सद्मबर्हिषः (sádmabarhiṣaḥ)
those who sit on the sacred grass (rituals, priests)
समुद्रं (samudrám)
ocean, sea
न (ná)
like
सुभ्वः (subhvàḥ)
noble, well-formed
स्वाः (svā́ḥ)
own, belonging
अभिष्टयः (abhíṣṭayaḥ)
assistants, helpers
तं (tám)
him
वृत्रहत्त्ये (vr̥trahátye)
in the slaying of Vritra
अनु (ánu)
behind, following
तस्थुरुतयः (tasthuḥ)
stood, stood by
ऊतयः (ūtáyaḥ)
helpers, aids
शुष्मा (śúṣmāḥ)
powers, strengths
इन्द्रमवाता (índram)
Indra
अवाताः (avātā́ḥ)
unwavering, steadfast
अह्रुतपसः (áhrutapsavaḥ)
invincible, firm
Stanza 1.52.5
अ॒भि स्ववृ॑ष्टिं॒ मदे॑ अस्य॒ युध्य॑तो र॒घ्वीरि॑व प्रव॒णे स॑स्रुरू॒तयः॑ | इन्द्रो॒ यद्व॒ज्री धृ॒षमा॑णो॒ अन्ध॑सा भि॒नद्व॒लस्य॑ परि॒धीँरि॑व त्रि॒तः ||
abhí svávr̥ṣṭim máde asya yúdhyato raghvī́r iva pravaṇé sasrur ūtáyaḥ índro yád vajrī́ dhr̥ṣámāṇo ándhasā bhinád valásya paridhī́m̐r iva tritáḥ
In his battle-joy, Indra, armed with his thunderbolt, fights fearlessly. His helpers rush to his aid like fast-flowing streams. Fueled by Soma, he breaks through obstacles, much like Trita breaking down fences, shattering the defenses of Vala.
In his enthusiastic battle ('made'), Indra, armed with the thunderbolt ('vajri'), fights fiercely ('dhrushamaana'). His helpers ('utaya') rush to support him like swift streams. The verse compares Indra's action of breaking through the obstacles of Vala (a symbol of obstruction or darkness) to Trita breaking through fences, all fueled by the Soma juice he has consumed.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अभि स्ववृष्टिं मदे अस्य युध्यतो abhí svávr̥ṣṭim máde asya yúdhyataḥ (12 syllables)
- B. रघ्वीरिव इव प्रवणे ससुरूतायः ऊतयः raghvī́ḥ iva pravaṇé sasruḥ ūtáyaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रः यत् वज्री धृषमाणो अन्धसा índraḥ yát vajrī́ dhr̥ṣámāṇaḥ ándhasā (12 syllables)
- D. भिन्नद् वलस्य परिधीँरि इव त्रितः bhinát valásya paridhī́n iva tritáḥ (12 syllables)
अभि (abhí)
towards
स्ववृष्टिं (svávr̥ṣṭim)
self-sustained power, own strength
मदे (máde)
in the intoxication, in the joy (of Soma)
अस्य (asya)
his
युध्यतो (yúdhyataḥ)
fighting
रघ्वीरिव (raghvī́ḥ)
swift, fast
इव (iva)
like
प्रवणे (pravaṇé)
on a slope, downwards
ससुरूतायः (sasruḥ)
flowed, rushed
ऊतयः (ūtáyaḥ)
helpers, aids
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
यत् (yát)
when
वज्री (vajrī́)
wielder of the thunderbolt
धृषमाणो (dhr̥ṣámāṇaḥ)
boldly acting, fearless
अन्धसा (ándhasā)
with Soma juice
भिन्नद् (bhinát)
he broke, he split
वलस्य (valásya)
of Vala (a demon or obstruction)
परिधीँरि (paridhī́n)
enclosures, barriers
इव (iva)
like
त्रितः (tritáḥ)
Trita (a mythical hero)
Stanza 1.52.6
परीं॑ घृ॒णा च॑रति तित्वि॒षे शवो॒ऽपो वृ॒त्वी रज॑सो बु॒ध्नमाश॑यत् | वृ॒त्रस्य॒ यत्प्र॑व॒णे दु॒र्गृभि॑श्वनो निज॒घन्थ॒ हन्वो॑रिन्द्र तन्य॒तुम् ||
párīṁ ghr̥ṇā́ carati titviṣé śávo 'pó vr̥tvī́ rájaso budhnám ā́śayat vr̥trásya yát pravaṇé durgŕ̥bhiśvano nijaghántha hánvor indra tanyatúm
Your radiant strength surrounds and shines. You made the waters, once held back, settle deep in the atmosphere. Indra, tell us about that moment when you struck the jaws of the hard-to-control Vritra with your thunderbolt!
Indra's power ('shava') is described as encompassing and shining, like a radiant force. He caused the waters ('apah'), once obstructed, to lie at the bottom of the atmosphere ('rajasa budhnam'). The verse specifically addresses Indra, asking about the time he struck the 'jaw' ('hanvo') of Vritra, the difficult-to-restrain entity, with his thunderbolt ('tanyatum').
Meter: Jagati
- A. परीं ईं घृणा चरति तित्विषे शवो pári īm ghr̥ṇā́ carati titviṣé śávaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. अपो वृत्वी रजसो बुध्नमाशयत् आ आशयत apáḥ vr̥tvī́ rájasaḥ budhnám ā́ aśayat (12 syllables)
- C. वृत्रस्य यत् प्रवणे दुर्गृभिश्वनो vr̥trásya yát pravaṇé durgŕ̥bhiśvanaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. निजघन्थ हन्वोरिन्द्र इन्द्र तन्यतुं nijaghántha hánvoḥ indra tanyatúm (12 syllables)
परीं (pári)
around, encompassing
ईं (īm)
him, it
घृणा (ghr̥ṇā́)
heat, splendour, radiance
चरति (carati)
moves, surrounds
तित्विषे (titviṣé)
shone, blazed
शवो (śávaḥ)
strength, might
अपो (apáḥ)
waters
वृत्वी (vr̥tvī́)
having obstructed, having blocked
रजसो (rájasaḥ)
of the atmosphere, of the dust
बुध्नमाशयत् (budhnám)
bottom, lowest part
आ (ā́)
down
आशयत (aśayat)
lay, rested
वृत्रस्य (vr̥trásya)
of Vritra
यत् (yát)
when
प्रवणे (pravaṇé)
in the downward slope, in the course
दुर्गृभिश्वनो (durgŕ̥bhiśvanaḥ)
difficult to restrain, hard to hold
निजघन्थ (nijaghántha)
you struck down
हन्वोरिन्द्र (hánvoḥ)
on the jaws
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
तन्यतुं (tanyatúm)
the thunderbolt
Stanza 1.52.7
ह्र॒दं न हि त्वा॑ न्यृ॒षन्त्यू॒र्मयो॒ ब्रह्मा॑णीन्द्र॒ तव॒ यानि॒ वर्ध॑ना | त्वष्टा॑ चित्ते॒ युज्यं॑ वावृधे॒ शव॑स्त॒तक्ष॒ वज्र॑म॒भिभू॑त्योजसम् ||
hradáṁ ná hí tvā nyr̥ṣánty ūrmáyo bráhmāṇīndra táva yā́ni várdhanā tváṣṭā cit te yújyaṁ vāvr̥dhe śávas tatákṣa vájram abhíbhūtyojasam
Your praises flow to you, Indra, like streams filling a lake. These hymns are what make you stronger. Even the divine craftsman, Tvashṭar, helped by forging your thunderbolt, a weapon of overwhelming power, to increase your might.
The hymns of praise are described as flowing towards Indra like streams filling a lake. The verse addresses Indra, stating that the hymns ('brahmāni') that praise him are his enhancers ('vardhanā'). It mentions that Tvashṭar, the divine craftsman, further strengthened Indra's power and forged his mighty thunderbolt, emphasizing Indra's supreme might.
Meter: Jagati
- A. ह्रदं न हि त्वा न्यृषन्त्यterminology ऊर्मयो hradám ná hí tvā nyr̥ṣánti ūrmáyaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. ब्रह्माणीन्द्र इन्द्र तव यानि वर्धना bráhmāṇi indra táva yā́ni várdhanā (12 syllables)
- C. त्वष्टा चिते ते युज्यं वावृधे शवस्ततक्ष tváṣṭā cit te yújyam vāvr̥dhe śávaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. ततक्ष वज्रम अभिभूत्योजसं tatákṣa vájram abhíbhūtyojasam (12 syllables)
ह्रदं (hradám)
lake
न (ná)
like
हि (hí)
indeed
त्वा (tvā)
you
न्यृषन्त्यterminology (nyr̥ṣánti)
flow towards, reach
ऊर्मयो (ūrmáyaḥ)
waves, streams
ब्रह्माणीन्द्र (bráhmāṇi)
hymns, prayers
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
तव (táva)
your
यानि (yā́ni)
which
वर्धना (várdhanā)
enhancers, strengtheners
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvashṭar (divine craftsman)
चिते (cit)
indeed, also
ते (te)
your
युज्यं (yújyam)
fitting, appropriate
वावृधे (vāvr̥dhe)
grew, increased
शवस्ततक्ष (śávaḥ)
strength, power
ततक्ष (tatákṣa)
he fashioned, he forged
वज्रम (vájram)
thunderbolt
अभिभूत्योजसं (abhíbhūtyojasam)
possessing overpowering strength
Stanza 1.52.8
ज॒घ॒न्वाँ उ॒ हरि॑भिः सम्भृतक्रत॒विन्द्र॑ वृ॒त्रं मनु॑षे गातु॒यन्न॒पः | अय॑च्छथा बा॒ह्वोर्वज्र॑माय॒समधा॑रयो दि॒व्या सूर्यं॑ दृ॒शे ||
jaghanvā́m̐ u háribhiḥ sambhr̥takratav índra vr̥trám mánuṣe gātuyánn apáḥ áyachathā bāhvór vájram āyasám ádhārayo divy ā́ sū́ryaṁ dr̥śé
With your powerful horses and sharp mind, Indra, you killed Vritra so the waters could flow for people. You held the iron thunderbolt in your arms and put the sun in the sky for us to see. You truly make things happen!
This verse celebrates Indra's victory over Vritra. It describes Indra, with his powerful steeds ('haribhih') and immense intellect ('sambhritakrato'), killing Vritra to make the waters flow for humanity ('manuse gatuyann apah'). The poet also notes that Indra held the iron thunderbolt in his arms and placed the sun in the sky for all to see, highlighting his role in bringing order and light.
Meter: Jagati
- A. जघनवां उ हरिभिः सम्भृतकrat jaghanvā́n u háribhiḥ sambhr̥takrato (12 syllables)
- B. इन्द्र वृत्रं मनुषे गातूयन्नपः अपः índra vr̥trám mánuṣe gātuyán apáḥ (12 syllables)
- C. अयच्छथा बाह्वोर्वज्र वज्रमायसं आयसं áyachathāḥ bāhvóḥ vájram āyasám (12 syllables)
- D. अधारयो दिवि आ सूर्य दृशे ádhārayaḥ diví ā́ sū́ryam dr̥śé (12 syllables)
जघनवां (jaghanvā́n)
having struck down
उ (u)
and
हरिभिः (háribhiḥ)
with the bay steeds (Indra's horses)
सम्भृतकrat (sambhr̥takrato)
having concentrated intellect, intelligent
इन्द्र (índra)
O Indra
वृत्रं (vr̥trám)
Vritra
मनुषे (mánuṣe)
for mankind, for man
गातूयन्नपः (gātuyán)
making a path, facilitating
अपः (apáḥ)
waters
अयच्छथा (áyachathāḥ)
you held, you grasped
बाह्वोर्वज्र (bāhvóḥ)
in the arms
वज्रमायसं (vájram)
thunderbolt
आयसं (āyasám)
made of iron, metallic
अधारयो (ádhārayaḥ)
you placed, you set
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
आ (ā́)
upwards
सूर्य (sū́ryam)
the sun
दृशे (dr̥śé)
to be seen, for sight
Stanza 1.52.9
बृ॒हत्स्वश्च॑न्द्र॒मम॑व॒द्यदु॒क्थ्य१॒॑मकृ॑ण्वत भि॒यसा॒ रोह॑णं दि॒वः | यन्मानु॑षप्रधना॒ इन्द्र॑मू॒तयः॒ स्व॑र्नृ॒षाचो॑ म॒रुतोऽम॑द॒न्ननु॑ ||
br̥hát sváścandram ámavad yád ukthyàm ákr̥ṇvata bhiyásā róhaṇaṁ diváḥ yán mā́nuṣapradhanā índram ūtáyaḥ svàr nr̥ṣā́co marútó 'madann ánu
The powerful, self-shining hymns and praises were created, inspiring awe and lifting things towards the sky. Indra and his companions, the Maruts, who are mighty and protect mankind, rejoiced with Indra, making everything suitable and glorious.
This verse describes how Indra's victory and might led to the creation of things, elevating them to the sky. The actions of Indra and his helpers, the Maruts, are described as inspiring awe and leading to 'heavenly ascent' ('rohanam divah') out of fear ('bhiyasa'). They are celebrated for their powers and for bringing joy and order, making things fit for Indra.
Meter: Jagati
- A. बृहत बृ॒हत्स्वश्च॑न्द्र॒मम॑व॒द्यदु॒क्थ्य१॒ अमवद्य यन्मानु उक्थ्यं br̥hát sváścandram ámavat yát ukthyàm (12 syllables)
- B. अकृण्वत भियसा रोहणं दिवः ákr̥ṇvata bhiyásā róhaṇam diváḥ (12 syllables)
- C. यन्मानु षप्रधना इन्द्रमूतायः ऊतयः yát mā́nuṣapradhanāḥ índram ūtáyaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. स्वर्नृ षाचो मरोतो अमदननु अनु svàr nr̥ṣā́caḥ marútaḥ ámadan ánu (12 syllables)
बृहत (br̥hát)
great, large
बृ॒हत्स्वश्च॑न्द्र॒मम॑व॒द्यदु॒क्थ्य१॒ (sváścandram)
self-shining
अमवद्य (ámavat)
possessing splendor, radiant
यन्मानु (yát)
when
उक्थ्यं (ukthyàm)
worthy of praise, laudable
अकृण्वत (ákr̥ṇvata)
they made, they created
भियसा (bhiyásā)
through fear, inspiring awe
रोहणं (róhaṇam)
ascent, rising
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
यन्मानु (yát)
when
षप्रधना (mā́nuṣapradhanāḥ)
protecting mankind, beneficial to humans
इन्द्रमूतायः (índram)
Indra
ऊतयः (ūtáyaḥ)
helpers, aids
स्वर्नृ (svàr)
in the sky, in light
षाचो (nr̥ṣā́caḥ)
penetrating men, ruling men
मरोतो (marútaḥ)
Maruts (storm deities)
अमदननु (ámadan)
they rejoiced
अनु (ánu)
along with, in accordance with
Stanza 1.52.10
द्यौश्चि॑द॒स्याम॑वाँ॒ अहेः॑ स्व॒नादयो॑यवीद्भि॒यसा॒ वज्र॑ इन्द्र ते | वृ॒त्रस्य॒ यद्ब॑द्बधा॒नस्य॑ रोदसी॒ मदे॑ सु॒तस्य॒ शव॒साभि॑न॒च्छिरः॑ ||
dyaúś cid asyā́mavām̐ áheḥ svanā́d áyoyavīd bhiyásā vájra indra te vr̥trásya yád badbadhānásya rodasī máde sutásya śávasā́bhinac chíraḥ
When the mighty dragon roared, even Heaven itself shook with fear! Indra, your thunderbolt, energized by the intoxicating Soma, struck and severed the head of the bound Vritra, shaking the heavens and the earth.
This verse describes the terrifying power of Indra's thunderbolt. The roar of the 'dragon' (Vritra) caused even Heaven ('Dyauh') to reel in fear. It recounts how Indra, in his second-person address, used his thunderbolt, fueled by Soma ('sutásya mada'), to powerfully strike and sever the head ('śiraḥ') of the bound Vritra, causing the cosmic realms ('rodasi') to tremble.
Meter: Jagati
- A. द्यौश्चिद अस्य अमवान आहेः स्वनादयोयवीद्भि भयसा dyaúḥ cit asya ámavān áheḥ svanā́t (12 syllables)
- B. वज्र इन्द्र ते वृत्रस्य यद्ब áyoyavīt bhiyásā vájraḥ indra te (12 syllables)
- C. दधानास्य रोदसी मदे सुतस्य vr̥trásya yát badbadhānásya ródasī * (12 syllables)
- D. शवसाभिनच्छिरः सु॒तस्य॒ शव॒साभि॑न॒च्छिरः शव॒साभि॑न॒च्छिरः शव॒साभि॑न॒च्छिरः máde sutásya śávasā ábhinat śíraḥ (12 syllables)
द्यौश्चिद (dyaúḥ)
sky, heaven
अस्य (cit)
indeed, even
अमवान (asya)
his
आहेः (ámavān)
mighty, powerful
स्वनादयोयवीद्भि (áheḥ)
of the serpent, of the dragon (Vritra)
भयसा (svanā́t)
from the sound, from the roar
वज्र (áyoyavīt)
recoiled, trembled
इन्द्र (bhiyásā)
from fear
ते (vájraḥ)
thunderbolt
वृत्रस्य (indra)
O Indra
यद्ब (te)
your
दधानास्य (vr̥trásya)
of Vritra
रोदसी (yát)
when
मदे (badbadhānásya)
being bound, tied up
सुतस्य (ródasī *)
heavens and earth
शवसाभिनच्छिरः (máde)
in the intoxication, in the joy (of Soma)
सु॒तस्य॒ (sutásya)
of the pressed (Soma)
शव॒साभि॑न॒च्छिरः (śávasā)
with strength
शव॒साभि॑न॒च्छिरः (ábhinat)
you struck, you broke
शव॒साभि॑न॒च्छिरः (śíraḥ)
head
Stanza 1.52.11
यदिन्न्वि॑न्द्र पृथि॒वी दश॑भुजि॒रहा॑नि॒ विश्वा॑ त॒तन॑न्त कृ॒ष्टयः॑ | अत्राह॑ ते मघव॒न्विश्रु॑तं॒ सहो॒ द्यामनु॒ शव॑सा ब॒र्हणा॑ भुवत् ||
yád ín nv .ìndra pr̥thivī́ dáśabhujir áhāni víśvā tatánanta kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ átrā́ha te maghavan víśrutaṁ sáho dyā́m ánu śávasā barháṇā bhuvat
Indra, even if the earth were ten times larger, and all people multiplied day by day, your fame and power would still be known everywhere. Your mighty strength, expanded by your greatness, fills the sky and is truly unmatched. No one is your equal!
This verse extols Indra's boundless greatness. It suggests that even if the earth were ten times larger and humanity multiplied endlessly, Indra's fame and power ('vishrutam sahas') would still be unparalleled. His strength, expanded by his actions and majesty ('barhana'), fills the sky ('dyan') and remains unsurpassed, with no one equal to him.
Meter: Jagati
- A. यदिन्न्वि इन्द्र पृथिवी दश भुजिर हाणि yát ít nú indra pr̥thivī́ dáśabhujiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. विश्वा ततनन्त कृष्टयः अत्राह áhāni víśvā tatánanta kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. ते मघवन् विश्रुतं सहो द्यामनु शवसा átra áha te maghavan víśrutam sáhaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. बर्हणा भुवत् शव॒सा ब॒र्हणा भुवत् dyā́m ánu śávasā barháṇā bhuvat (12 syllables)
यदिन्न्वि (yát)
if
इन्द्र (ít)
indeed
पृथिवी (nú)
now, then
दश (indra)
O Indra
भुजिर (pr̥thivī́)
earth
हाणि (dáśabhujiḥ)
ten-fold
विश्वा (áhāni)
days
ततनन्त (víśvā)
all
कृष्टयः (tatánanta)
they extended, they spread
अत्राह (kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ)
people, mankind
ते (átra)
here, still
मघवन् (áha)
indeed
विश्रुतं (te)
your
सहो (maghavan)
O bestower of gifts
द्यामनु (víśrutam)
famous, well-known
शवसा (sáhaḥ)
strength, might
बर्हणा (dyā́m)
the sky
भुवत् (ánu)
along, throughout
शव॒सा (śávasā)
with strength
ब॒र्हणा (barháṇā)
in greatness, in majesty
भुवत् (bhuvat)
it becomes, it is
Stanza 1.52.12
त्वम॒स्य पा॒रे रज॑सो॒ व्यो॑मनः॒ स्वभू॑त्योजा॒ अव॑से धृषन्मनः | च॒कृ॒षे भूमिं॑ प्रति॒मान॒मोज॑सो॒ऽपः स्वः॑ परि॒भूरे॒ष्या दिव॑म् ||
tvám asyá pāré rájaso vyòmanaḥ svábhūtyojā ávase dhr̥ṣanmanaḥ cakr̥ṣé bhū́mim pratimā́nam ójaso 'páḥ svàḥ paribhū́r eṣy ā́ dívam
You, with your fearless heart and immense power, operate beyond the limits of the atmosphere and sky. You've made the earth a reflection of your might, and embracing waters and light, you reach towards the heavens.
This verse describes Indra's powerful and encompassing nature. He is addressed as having a bold heart ('dhrushana manah') and operating beyond the limits of the atmosphere ('rajasa') and sky ('vyoman'). He has created the earth ('bhūmim') as a model of his power ('ojasah') and, embracing waters ('apah') and light ('svah'), reaches towards the sky ('divam').
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वम अस्य पारे रजसो व्योमनः tvám asyá pāré rájasaḥ vyòmanaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. स्वभूत्योजा अवसे धृषन्मनः svábhūtyojāḥ ávase dhr̥ṣanmanaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. चकृषे भूमिं प्रतिमानम ओजसः cakr̥ṣé bhū́mim pratimā́nam ójasaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अपः स्वः परिभूरे एsia आ दिवं apáḥ svàr paribhū́ḥ eṣi ā́ dívam (12 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
अस्य (asyá)
of this
पारे (pāré)
beyond the limit, on the far side
रजसो (rájasaḥ)
of the atmosphere, of the dust
व्योमनः (vyòmanaḥ)
of the sky, of space
स्वभूत्योजा (svábhūtyojāḥ)
possessing strength born of oneself, self-reliant
अवसे (ávase)
for protection, for help
धृषन्मनः (dhr̥ṣanmanaḥ)
bold of heart
चकृषे (cakr̥ṣé)
you have made, you have formed
भूमिं (bhū́mim)
earth
प्रतिमानम (pratimā́nam)
model, pattern, image
ओजसः (ójasaḥ)
of strength, of power
अपः (apáḥ)
waters
स्वः (svàr)
light, heaven
परिभूरे (paribhū́ḥ)
embracing, surrounding
एsia (eṣi)
you go, you reach
आ (ā́)
towards
दिवं (dívam)
the sky
Stanza 1.52.13
त्वं भु॑वः प्रति॒मानं॑ पृथि॒व्या ऋ॒ष्ववी॑रस्य बृह॒तः पति॑र्भूः | विश्व॒माप्रा॑ अ॒न्तरि॑क्षं महि॒त्वा स॒त्यम॒द्धा नकि॑र॒न्यस्त्वावा॑न् ||
tvám bhuvaḥ pratimā́nam pr̥thivyā́ r̥ṣvávīrasya br̥hatáḥ pátir bhūḥ víśvam ā́prā antárikṣam mahitvā́ satyám addhā́ nákir anyás tvā́vān
You are like the earth and the master of the vast, glorious heavens. Your incredible power fills the entire space in between. Truly, no one else is as great as you!
This verse proclaims Indra's supreme status, stating he is the counterpart and master ('pati') of the earth ('prithivyah') and the great, noble heavens ('brhatah rishvavirasyasya'). His immense power ('mahitva') fills the entire middle realm ('antariksham'). The verse concludes by declaring that no one else possesses such greatness, affirming his unique and unmatched position.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. त्वम भुवः प्रतिमानं पृथिव्या tvám bhuvaḥ pratimā́nam pr̥thivyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. ऋष्वीरस्य बृहतो पतिर्भूः भूः r̥ṣvávīrasya br̥hatáḥ pátiḥ bhūḥ (11 syllables)
- C. विश्वमाप्रा आ प्राः अंतरिक्षं महित्वा víśvam ā́ prāḥ antárikṣam mahitvā́ (11 syllables)
- D. सत्यम अद्धा नकिर अन्यस्त्वावान् त्वावा॑न् satyám addhā́ nákiḥ anyáḥ tvā́vān (11 syllables)
त्वम (tvám)
you
भुवः (bhuvaḥ)
you are, you become
प्रतिमानं (pratimā́nam)
counterpart, image, likeness
पृथिव्या (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
ऋष्वीरस्य (r̥ṣvávīrasya)
of the great hero, of the mighty one
बृहतो (br̥hatáḥ)
great, vast
पतिर्भूः (pátiḥ)
master, lord
भूः (bhūḥ)
you are
विश्वमाप्रा (víśvam)
all
आ (ā́)
throughout, filling
प्राः (prāḥ)
you filled
अंतरिक्षं (antárikṣam)
the middle realm, the atmosphere
महित्वा (mahitvā́)
with greatness, with might
सत्यम (satyám)
truly, indeed
अद्धा (addhā́)
certainly, verily
नकिर (nákiḥ)
no one
अन्यस्त्वावान् (anyáḥ)
other
त्वावा॑न् (tvā́vān)
equal to you, as great as you
Stanza 1.52.14
न यस्य॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अनु॒ व्यचो॒ न सिन्ध॑वो॒ रज॑सो॒ अन्त॑मान॒शुः | नोत स्ववृ॑ष्टिं॒ मदे॑ अस्य॒ युध्य॑त॒ एको॑ अ॒न्यच्च॑कृषे॒ विश्व॑मानु॒षक् ||
ná yásya dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ ánu vyáco ná síndhavo rájaso ántam ānaśúḥ nótá svávr̥ṣṭim máde asya yúdhyata éko anyác cakr̥ṣe víśvam ānuṣák
Even the vast sky and earth cannot encompass your full extent, Indra. The oceans of the atmosphere have never reached your limits. Even your own powerful strength and the joy of battle can't contain you. You alone have brought order to everything.
This verse emphasizes Indra's immense, immeasurable greatness, stating that even the combined expanse of heaven and earth ('dyavapṛthivī') and the vast oceans of the atmosphere ('sindhavo rajasah') cannot reach its limits. It further highlights that neither the self-powered strength ('svavṛṣṭim') nor the intoxicating joy ('made') of his battles can fully contain him. The poet asserts that Indra alone has created and ordered the universe ('vishvam anushak').
Meter: Jagati
- A. नोत यस्य द्यावापृथ्वी अनु व्यचो ná yásya dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ ánu vyácaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. नोत सिन्धवो रजसो अन्तम आशुः ná síndhavaḥ rájasaḥ ántam ānaśúḥ (12 syllables)
- C. नोत स्ववृष्टिं मदे अस्य युध्यत एक ná utá svávr̥ṣṭim máde asya yúdhyataḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अन्यच्च कृष विश्व आनुषक् आनु॒षक् ékaḥ anyát cakr̥ṣe víśvam ānuṣák (12 syllables)
नोत (ná)
not
यस्य (yásya)
whose
द्यावापृथ्वी (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
sky and earth
अनु (ánu)
along, encompassing
व्यचो (vyácaḥ)
expanse, width, amplitude
नोत (ná)
not
सिन्धवो (síndhavaḥ)
rivers, waters
रजसो (rájasaḥ)
of the atmosphere
अन्तम (ántam)
limit, end
आशुः (ānaśúḥ)
reached, attained
नोत (ná)
not
स्ववृष्टिं (utá)
and
मदे (svávr̥ṣṭim)
self-powered strength
अस्य (máde)
in the intoxication, in the joy
युध्यत (asya)
his
एक (yúdhyataḥ)
fighting
अन्यच्च (ékaḥ)
alone, only
कृष (anyát)
other, different
विश्व (cakr̥ṣe)
you have made
आनुषक् (víśvam)
all, the universe
आनु॒षक् (ānuṣák)
in order, fittingly
Stanza 1.52.15
आर्च॒न्नत्र॑ म॒रुतः॒ सस्मि॑न्ना॒जौ विश्वे॑ दे॒वासो॑ अमद॒न्ननु॑ त्वा | वृ॒त्रस्य॒ यद्भृ॑ष्टि॒मता॑ व॒धेन॒ नि त्वमि॑न्द्र॒ प्रत्या॒नं ज॒घन्थ॑ ||
ā́rcann átra marútaḥ sásminn ājaú víśve devā́so amadann ánu tvā vr̥trásya yád bhr̥ṣṭimátā vadhéna ní tvám indra práty ānáṁ jaghántha
The Maruts sang praises in that battle, and all the gods rejoiced in you. Indra, tell us about that moment when you struck the face of Vritra with your shining, powerful weapon, defeating him!
This verse describes the cosmic celebration that followed Indra's victory over Vritra. The Maruts (storm gods) sang praises ('arcan') and all the gods ('vishve devaso') rejoiced ('amadan') in Indra. The verse specifically asks Indra about the moment he struck Vritra's 'face' ('anaanam') with his shining, powerful weapon ('bhrishtimata vadhena'), highlighting the decisive nature of that blow.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आर्चन्नत्र मरुतः सस्मिन्नाजौ विश्वे देवासो ā́rcan átra marútaḥ sásmin ājaú (11 syllables)
- B. अमदन्ननु त्वा वृत्रस्य यद्भृ ष्टि víśve devā́saḥ amadan ánu tvā (11 syllables)
- C. मता वधेन नि त्वमिन्द्र vr̥trásya yát bhr̥ṣṭimátā vadhéna (11 syllables)
- D. प्रत्या नं जघन्थ प्र॒त्या॒नं प्र॒त्या॒नं ज॒घ॒न्थ ní tvám indra práti ānám jaghántha (11 syllables)
आर्चन्नत्र (ā́rcan)
they sang praise
मरुतः (átra)
here, in this
सस्मिन्नाजौ (marútaḥ)
Maruts (storm deities)
विश्वे (sásmin)
in that
देवासो (ājaú)
in the battle, in the contest
अमदन्ननु (víśve)
all
त्वा (devā́saḥ)
gods
वृत्रस्य (amadan)
they rejoiced
यद्भृ (ánu)
along with, in
ष्टि (tvā)
you
मता (vr̥trásya)
of Vritra
वधेन (yát)
when
नि (bhr̥ṣṭimátā)
shining, sharp
त्वमिन्द्र (vadhéna)
with the weapon, with the blow
प्रत्या (ní)
down
नं (tvám)
you
जघन्थ (indra)
O Indra
प्र॒त्या॒नं (práti)
against
प्र॒त्या॒नं (ānám)
face, front
ज॒घ॒न्थ (jaghántha)
you struck down