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Stanza 1.50.1
उदु॒ त्यं जा॒तवे॑दसं दे॒वं व॑हन्ति के॒तवः॑ | दृ॒शे विश्वा॑य॒ सूर्य॑म् ||
úd u tyáṁ jātávedasaṁ deváṁ vahanti ketávaḥ dr̥śé víśvāya sū́ryam
Look up! The Sun, that God who knows everything, is being lifted by His bright rays. Surya is rising so everyone can see Him.
This verse introduces the Sun, Surya, as a divine being known as Jatavedas (one who knows all that is born). His bright rays, acting like banners or signals, lift him up so that everyone can see him. It's like the Sun is being displayed for all to witness.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. उ उ त्यं जा॒तवे॑दसं út u tyám jātávedasam (8 syllables)
- B. दे॒वं व॒हन्ति के॒तवः॑ devám vahanti ketávaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. दृ॒शे विश्वा॑य सूर्य॑म् dr̥śé víśvāya sū́ryam (8 syllables)
उ (út)
upwards
उ (u)
upwards
त्यं (tyám)
him
जा॒तवे॑दसं (jātávedasam)
the one who knows all that is born
दे॒वं (devám)
the god
व॒हन्ति (vahanti)
they carry/lift
के॒तवः॑ (ketávaḥ)
rays (like banners)
दृ॒शे (dr̥śé)
to be seen
विश्वा॑य (víśvāya)
for all
सूर्य॑म् (sū́ryam)
the Sun
Stanza 1.50.2
अप॒ त्ये ता॒यवो॑ यथा॒ नक्ष॑त्रा यन्त्य॒क्तुभिः॑ | सूरा॑य वि॒श्वच॑क्षसे ||
ápa tyé tāyávo yathā nákṣatrā yanty aktúbhiḥ sū́rāya viśvácakṣase
Like thieves, those stars and constellations vanish with the darkness. They retreat before the Sun, who sees everything.
As the Sun, Surya, the all-seeing one, begins to rise, the stars and constellations, like thieves in the night, disappear with their faint lights. They retreat from the overwhelming brilliance of the Sun.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अप॒ त्ये ता॒यवो॑ यथा ápa tyé tāyávaḥ yathā (8 syllables)
- B. नक्ष॑त्रा यन्ति अ॒क्तुभिः॑ nákṣatrā yanti aktúbhiḥ (8 syllables)
- C. सूरा॑य वि॒श्वच॑क्षसे sū́rāya viśvácakṣase (8 syllables)
अप॒ (ápa)
away
त्ये (tyé)
those
ता॒यवो॑ (tāyávaḥ)
thieves
यथा (yathā)
like
नक्ष॑त्रा (nákṣatrā)
stars/constellations
यन्ति (yanti)
go
अ॒क्तुभिः॑ (aktúbhiḥ)
with darkness/night
सूरा॑य (sū́rāya)
for the Sun
वि॒श्वच॑क्षसे (viśvácakṣase)
the all-seeing
Stanza 1.50.3
अदृ॑श्रमस्य के॒तवो॒ वि र॒श्मयो॒ जनाँ॒ अनु॑ | भ्राज॑न्तो अ॒ग्नयो॑ यथा ||
ádr̥śram asya ketávo ví raśmáyo jánām̐ ánu bhrā́janto agnáyo yathā
His brilliant rays and beams are seen far and wide, shining over people like bright fires.
The Sun's rays and beams become visible, spreading far and wide across the human world. They shine brightly, like flames of fire, illuminating everything they touch.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अदृ॑श्रम स्य के॒तवः॑ ádr̥śram asya ketávaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. वि र॒श्मयो॒ जनाँ॒ अनु ví raśmáyaḥ jánān ánu (8 syllables)
- C. भ्राज॑न्तो अ॒ग्नयो॑ यथा bhrā́jantaḥ agnáyaḥ yathā (8 syllables)
अदृ॑श्रम (ádr̥śram)
were seen
स्य (asya)
his
के॒तवः॑ (ketávaḥ)
rays (banners)
वि (ví)
apart/wide
र॒श्मयो॒ (raśmáyaḥ)
rays (of light)
जनाँ॒ (jánān)
people/mankind
अनु (ánu)
along/over
भ्राज॑न्तो (bhrā́jantaḥ)
shining brightly
अ॒ग्नयो॑ (agnáyaḥ)
fires
यथा (yathā)
like
Stanza 1.50.4
त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य | विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोच॒नम् ||
taráṇir viśvádarśato jyotiṣkŕ̥d asi sūrya víśvam ā́ bhāsi rocanám
O Sun, you are swift, seen by everyone, and the maker of light! You illuminate the entire bright sky.
The Sun, Surya, is addressed as swift, visible to all, and the creator of light. He is praised for illuminating the entire shining sky and all that is within it.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. त॒रणि॑र् वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो taráṇiḥ viśvádarśataḥ (8 syllables)
- B. ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सि सूर्य jyotiṣkŕ̥t asi sūrya (8 syllables)
- C. विश्व॒ आ भासि रोच॒नम् víśvam ā́ bhāsi rocanám (8 syllables)
त॒रणि॑र् (taráṇiḥ)
swift
वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो (viśvádarśataḥ)
visible to all
ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि (jyotiṣkŕ̥t)
maker of light
सि (asi)
you are
सूर्य (sūrya)
O Sun
विश्व॒ (víśvam)
everything
आ (ā́)
throughout
भासि (bhāsi)
you shine
रोच॒नम् (rocanám)
the shining expanse/space
Stanza 1.50.5
प्र॒त्यङ्दे॒वानां॒ विशः॑ प्र॒त्यङ्ङुदे॑षि॒ मानु॑षान् | प्र॒त्यङ्विश्वं॒ स्व॑र्दृ॒शे ||
pratyáṅ devā́nāṁ víśaḥ pratyáṅṅ úd eṣi mā́nuṣān pratyáṅ víśvaṁ svàr dr̥śé
You rise towards the gods, and you also rise towards humans. You rise for all, so that everything can be seen in the light.
The Sun is described as moving towards the divine realms of the gods and also towards humankind. It rises to enable all beings to see the heavenly light and the world.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. प्र॒त्यङ् दे॒वानां॒ विशः॑ pratyáṅ devā́nām víśaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. प्र॒त्यङ् उद॑ ए॒षि मा॒नु॒षान् pratyáṅ út eṣi mā́nuṣān (8 syllables)
- C. प्र॒त्यङ् विश्वं॒ स्व॒र्दृशे शे pratyáṅ víśvam svàr dr̥śé (8 syllables)
प्र॒त्यङ् (pratyáṅ)
facing/towards
दे॒वानां॒ (devā́nām)
of the gods
विशः॑ (víśaḥ)
groups/communities (of gods)
प्र॒त्यङ् (pratyáṅ)
facing/towards
उद॑ (út)
up
ए॒षि (eṣi)
you go/rise
मा॒नु॒षान् (mā́nuṣān)
humans/mankind
प्र॒त्यङ् (pratyáṅ)
facing/towards
विश्वं॒ (víśvam)
all
स्व॒र्दृशे (svàr)
heavenly light/sky
शे (dr̥śé)
for seeing
Stanza 1.50.6
येना॑ पावक॒ चक्ष॑सा भुर॒ण्यन्तं॒ जनाँ॒ अनु॑ | त्वं व॑रुण॒ पश्य॑सि ||
yénā pāvaka cákṣasā bhuraṇyántaṁ jánām̐ ánu tváṁ varuṇa páśyasi
With that same purifying gaze, O Sun, O Varuna, with which you see busy people, do you also watch over everything?
The verse addresses the Sun as 'Pavaka' (purifier) and Varuna, asking if He uses the same bright, watchful eye to see the active, busy people on Earth as He uses to observe other things.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. येना॑ पावक चक्ष॑सा yéna + pāvaka cákṣasā (8 syllables)
- B. भुर॒ण्यन्तं॒ जनाँ॒ अनु bhuraṇyántam jánān ánu (8 syllables)
- C. त्वं वरु॑ण पश्य॑सि tvám varuṇa páśyasi (8 syllables)
येना॑ (yéna +)
by which
पावक (pāvaka)
O purifier
चक्ष॑सा (cákṣasā)
with the eye/gaze
भुर॒ण्यन्तं॒ (bhuraṇyántam)
active/busy
जनाँ॒ (jánān)
people
अनु (ánu)
along/over
त्वं (tvám)
you
वरु॑ण (varuṇa)
O Varuna
पश्य॑सि (páśyasi)
you see
Stanza 1.50.7
वि द्यामे॑षि॒ रज॑स्पृ॒थ्वहा॒ मिमा॑नो अ॒क्तुभिः॑ | पश्य॒ञ्जन्मा॑नि सूर्य ||
ví dyā́m eṣi rájas pr̥thv áhā mímāno aktúbhiḥ páśyañ jánmāni sūrya
You travel across the sky and the atmosphere, O Sun, meeting the days and nights. Watching, you understand all the cycles of birth.
The Sun is depicted as traveling across the sky and the atmosphere, covering both day and night with its presence. It is seen observing and understanding all the cycles of birth and existence with its rays.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. वि द्यामे॑ षि रज॑ स्पृ॒थ्वहा ví dyā́m eṣi rájaḥ pr̥thú (8 syllables)
- B. मिमा॑नो अ॒क्तुभिः॑ पश्य॒ áhā mímānaḥ aktúbhiḥ (8 syllables)
- C. ञ्जन्मा॑नि सूर्य सूर्य páśyan jánmāni sūrya (8 syllables)
वि (ví)
apart/widely
द्यामे॑ (dyā́m)
sky
षि (eṣi)
you go
रज॑ (rájaḥ)
atmosphere/space
स्पृ॒थ्वहा (pr̥thú)
broad/wide
मिमा॑नो (áhā)
days
अ॒क्तुभिः॑ (mímānaḥ)
measuring/traversing
पश्य॒ (aktúbhiḥ)
with nights
ञ्जन्मा॑नि (páśyan)
seeing
सूर्य (jánmāni)
births/existences
सूर्य (sūrya)
O Sun
Stanza 1.50.8
स॒प्त त्वा॑ ह॒रितो॒ रथे॒ वह॑न्ति देव सूर्य | शो॒चिष्के॑शं विचक्षण ||
saptá tvā haríto ráthe váhanti deva sūrya śocíṣkeśaṁ vicakṣaṇa
O Sun, God with the shining hair, your seven bay horses pull your chariot and bring you to us.
The Sun, Surya, is invoked as a god with a radiant appearance. It's mentioned that seven bay-colored horses pull his chariot, bringing him to us as he travels across the sky.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स॒प्त त्वा ह॒रितो॒ रथे॒ saptá tvā harítaḥ ráthe (8 syllables)
- B. व॒हन्ति देव सूर्य váhanti deva sūrya (8 syllables)
- C. शो॒चिष्के॑शं विचक्षण śocíṣkeśam vicakṣaṇa (8 syllables)
स॒प्त (saptá)
seven
त्वा (tvā)
you
ह॒रितो॒ (harítaḥ)
bay-colored/greenish-yellow horses
रथे॒ (ráthe)
in the chariot
व॒हन्ति (váhanti)
they carry
देव (deva)
O god
सूर्य (sūrya)
O Sun
शो॒चिष्के॑शं (śocíṣkeśam)
with shining hair
विचक्षण (vicakṣaṇa)
far-seeing/wise
Stanza 1.50.9
अयु॑क्त स॒प्त शु॒न्ध्युवः॒ सूरो॒ रथ॑स्य न॒प्त्यः॑ | ताभि॑र्याति॒ स्वयु॑क्तिभिः ||
áyukta saptá śundhyúvaḥ sū́ro ráthasya naptyàḥ tā́bhir yāti sváyuktibhiḥ
The Sun has harnessed the seven bright, pure mares – the daughters of his chariot. He travels using his own powerful team.
The Sun has harnessed seven bright, pure mares, described as daughters of his chariot. He travels with this self-powered team, moving swiftly through the sky.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अयु॑क्त स॒प्त शु॒न्ध्युवः॒ áyukta saptá śundhyúvaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. सूरो॒ रथ॑स्य न॒प्त्यः॑ sū́raḥ ráthasya naptyàḥ (8 syllables)
- C. ताभि॑ याति स्वयु॑क्तिभिः tā́bhiḥ yāti sváyuktibhiḥ (8 syllables)
अयु॑क्त (áyukta)
he yoked
स॒प्त (saptá)
seven
शु॒न्ध्युवः॒ (śundhyúvaḥ)
pure/bright mares
सूरो॒ (sū́raḥ)
the Sun
रथ॑स्य (ráthasya)
of the chariot
न॒प्त्यः॑ (naptyàḥ)
daughters
ताभि॑ (tā́bhiḥ)
with them
याति (yāti)
he goes/travels
स्वयु॑क्तिभिः (sváyuktibhiḥ)
with self-yoked (team)
Stanza 1.50.10
उद्व॒यं तम॑स॒स्परि॒ ज्योति॒ष्पश्य॑न्त॒ उत्त॑रम् | दे॒वं दे॑व॒त्रा सूर्य॒मग॑न्म॒ ज्योति॑रुत्त॒मम् ||
úd vayáṁ támasas pári jyótiṣ páśyanta úttaram deváṁ devatrā́ sū́ryam áganma jyótir uttamám
We have risen above the darkness, looking towards the brilliant, higher light. We have reached Surya, the god among gods, the highest light.
The community of humans, having seen the higher, brilliant light above the darkness, has reached the Sun. He is described as a god among gods, offering the ultimate light.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. उद् व॒यं तम॑सः प॒रि út vayám támasaḥ pári (8 syllables)
- B. ज्योतिः स्पश्य॑न्त उत्त॑रम् jyótiḥ páśyantaḥ úttaram (8 syllables)
- C. दे॒वं दे॒वत्रा सूर्य॒मग॑न्म devám devatrā́ sū́ryam (8 syllables)
- D. ज्योति॑रुत्त॒मम् ज्योतिः उत्तमम् áganma jyótiḥ uttamám (8 syllables)
उद् (út)
up
व॒यं (vayám)
we
तम॑सः (támasaḥ)
from darkness
प॒रि (pári)
around/beyond
ज्योतिः (jyótiḥ)
light
स्पश्य॑न्त (páśyantaḥ)
seeing
उत्त॑रम् (úttaram)
higher
दे॒वं (devám)
the god
दे॒वत्रा (devatrā́)
among the gods
सूर्य॒मग॑न्म (sū́ryam)
the Sun
ज्योति॑रुत्त॒मम् (áganma)
we have reached
ज्योतिः (jyótiḥ)
light
उत्तमम् (uttamám)
the highest
Stanza 1.50.11
उ॒द्यन्न॒द्य मि॑त्रमह आ॒रोह॒न्नुत्त॑रां॒ दिव॑म् | हृ॒द्रो॒गं मम॑ सूर्य हरि॒माणं॑ च नाशय ||
udyánn adyá mitramaha āróhann úttarāṁ dívam hr̥drogám máma sūrya harimā́ṇaṁ ca nāśaya
O Sun, rich in friends, rising today and ascending to the higher heaven, please remove my heart disease and my yellowing condition.
The Sun is addressed as 'Mitramahas' (rich in friends) as it rises today and ascends to the higher heaven. A plea is made for the Sun to remove any heart ailments and a yellowing condition from the speaker.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. उद्य॑न्न अ॒द्य मि॒त्रम॑ह udyán adyá mitramahaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. आ॒रोह॒न्नुत्त॑ रां दिव॑म् āróhan úttarām dívam (8 syllables)
- C. हृ॒द्रो॒गं मम सूर्य hr̥drogám máma sūrya (8 syllables)
- D. हरि॒माणं॑ च नाशय harimā́ṇam ca nāśaya (8 syllables)
उद्य॑न्न (udyán)
rising
अ॒द्य (adyá)
today
मि॒त्रम॑ह (mitramahaḥ)
O rich in friends
आ॒रोह॒न्नुत्त॑ (āróhan)
ascending
रां (úttarām)
higher
दिव॑म् (dívam)
heaven
हृ॒द्रो॒गं (hr̥drogám)
heart disease
मम (máma)
my
सूर्य (sūrya)
O Sun
हरि॒माणं॑ (harimā́ṇam)
yellowness/jaundice
च (ca)
and
नाशय (nāśaya)
destroy/remove
Stanza 1.50.12
शुके॑षु मे हरि॒माणं॑ रोप॒णाका॑सु दध्मसि | अथो॑ हारिद्र॒वेषु॑ मे हरि॒माणं॒ नि द॑ध्मसि ||
śúkeṣu me harimā́ṇaṁ ropaṇā́kāsu dadhmasi átho hāridravéṣu me harimā́ṇaṁ ní dadhmasi
Let's transfer my yellowness to the parrots and starlings. Or let's place my yellowness onto the Haritavala trees.
The speaker wishes to transfer their yellowing condition (perhaps a disease like jaundice) to parrots and starlings, or to Haritavala trees. This is a ritualistic way of disposing of illness.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. शुके॑षु मे हरि॒माणं śúkeṣu me harimā́ṇam (8 syllables)
- B. रोप॒णाका॑सु दध्मसि ropaṇā́kāsu dadhmasi (8 syllables)
- C. अथो उ हारि॒द्रवे॑षु मे átha u hāridravéṣu me (8 syllables)
- D. हरि॒माणं नि दध्मसि harimā́ṇam ní dadhmasi (8 syllables)
शुके॑षु (śúkeṣu)
to parrots
मे (me)
my
हरि॒माणं (harimā́ṇam)
yellowness
रोप॒णाका॑सु (ropaṇā́kāsu)
in the Ropanakā trees (or a type of bird)
दध्मसि (dadhmasi)
we place/transfer
अथो (átha)
then
उ (u)
and
हारि॒द्रवे॑षु (hāridravéṣu)
in the Haridru trees (or similar)
मे (me)
my
हरि॒माणं (harimā́ṇam)
yellowness
नि (ní)
down/away
दध्मसि (dadhmasi)
we place/transfer
Stanza 1.50.13
उद॑गाद॒यमा॑दि॒त्यो विश्वे॑न॒ सह॑सा स॒ह | द्वि॒षन्तं॒ मह्यं॑ र॒न्धय॒न्मो अ॒हं द्वि॑ष॒ते र॑धम् ||
úd agād ayám ādityó víśvena sáhasā sahá dviṣántam máhyaṁ randháyan mó aháṁ dviṣaté radham
This Sun, Aditya, has risen with all its might! It makes my enemies fall before me. May I not fall before my enemies.
The Sun, identified as Aditya (son of Aditi), has risen with all its power. It causes those who hate the speaker to be subdued, and the speaker wishes not to fall prey to their enemies.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. उद॑ गाद॒ यमा॑ आदि॒त्यो út agāt ayám ādityáḥ (8 syllables)
- B. विश्वे॑न सह॑सा स॒ह víśvena sáhasā sahá (8 syllables)
- C. द्वि॒षन्तं॒ मह्यं॑ र॒न्धय॒न्मो dviṣántam máhyam randháyan (8 syllables)
- D. अ॒हं द्विष॑ते अ॒हं द्वि॒ष॒ते र॒धम् mā́ u ahám dviṣaté radham (8 syllables)
उद॑ (út)
up
गाद॒ (agāt)
he went/rose
यमा॑ (ayám)
this
आदि॒त्यो (ādityáḥ)
Aditya (Sun)
विश्वे॑न (víśvena)
with all
सह॑सा (sáhasā)
with strength/power
स॒ह (sahá)
together with
द्वि॒षन्तं॒ (dviṣántam)
hating (enemy)
मह्यं॑ (máhyam)
to me
र॒न्धय॒न्मो (randháyan)
causing to yield/subdue
अ॒हं (mā́)
not
द्विष॑ते (u)
and
अ॒हं (ahám)
I
द्वि॒ष॒ते (dviṣaté)
to the enemy
र॒धम् (radham)
may I yield/fall