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Stanza 1.4.1
सुरूपकृत्नुमूतये सुदुघामिव गोदुहे | जुहूमसि द्यविद्यवि ||
surūpakr̥tnúm ūtáye sudúghām iva godúhe juhūmási dyávi-dyavi
We call upon you, maker of beauty, for our support, just like a cow is easily milked by a milker. We call to you day after day.
This verse is a beautiful invocation, comparing the god to a cow that is easy to milk. The speaker is calling out to a divine being who is skilled at creating beautiful things and providing abundance, asking for help and support every single day. It's like calling for a dependable source of good things in life.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. सुरूपकृत्नुम् ऊतये surūpakr̥tnúm ūtáye (8 syllables)
- B. सुदुघाम् इव गोदुहे sudúghām iva godúhe (8 syllables)
- C. जुहूमसि द्यविद्यवि juhūmási dyávi-dyavi (8 syllables)
सुरूपकृत्नुम् (surūpakr̥tnúm)
one who creates beautiful things
ऊतये (ūtáye)
for support or help
सुदुघाम् (sudúghām)
easy to milk
इव (iva)
like, as if
गोदुहे (godúhe)
to the milker of cows
जुहूमसि (juhūmási)
we call upon
द्यविद्यवि (dyávi-dyavi)
day by day
Stanza 1.4.2
उप॑ नः॒ सव॒ना ग॑हि॒ सोम॑स्य सोमपाः पिब | गो॒दा इद्रे॒वतो॒ मदः॑ ||
úpa naḥ sávanā́ gahi sómasya somapāḥ piba godā́ íd reváto mádaḥ
Come to us for the Soma-pressings! Drink the Soma, O drinker of Soma! Your joyful delight brings us cows.
This verse is a direct invitation to a divine entity, possibly Indra, to come and partake in the ritualistic drinks made from Soma. The speaker addresses this deity as a 'Soma-drinker' and expresses the belief that this deity's enjoyment of the Soma brings prosperity and abundance, specifically in the form of cattle.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. उप नः सवना आ गहि úpa naḥ sávanā ā́ gahi (8 syllables)
- B. सोमस्य सोमपाः पिब sómasya somapāḥ piba (8 syllables)
- C. गोदाः इत् रेवतः मदः godā́ḥ ít revátaḥ mádaḥ (8 syllables)
उप (úpa)
to, towards
नः (naḥ)
to us
सवना (sávanā)
Soma-pressings, libations
आ (ā́)
hither
गहि (gahi)
come
सोमस्य (sómasya)
of Soma
सोमपाः (somapāḥ)
O drinker of Soma
पिब (piba)
drink
गोदाः (godā́ḥ)
giver of cows
इत् (ít)
indeed, truly
रेवतः (revátaḥ)
of the rich one, of the prosperous one
मदः (mádaḥ)
joy, intoxication, rapture
Stanza 1.4.3
अथा॑ ते॒ अन्त॑मानां वि॒द्याम॑ सुमती॒नाम् | मा नो॒ अति॑ ख्य॒ आ ग॑हि ||
áthā te ántamānāṁ vidyā́ma sumatīnā́m mā́ no áti khya ā́ gahi
May we then know your deepest kind thoughts! Do not overlook us; come to us!
The speaker expresses a desire to understand and connect with the deepest, most benevolent thoughts of a divine being. They are asking not to be overlooked or ignored, but to be approached and welcomed. It's a plea for divine favor and close connection.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अथा ते अन्तमानां átha + te ántamānām (8 syllables)
- B. विदयाम सुमतीनां vidyā́ma sumatīnā́m (8 syllables)
- C. मा नः अति ख्य आ गहि mā́ naḥ áti khyaḥ ā́ gahi (8 syllables)
अथा (átha +)
then, so
ते (te)
your
अन्तमानां (ántamānām)
deepest, innermost
विदयाम (vidyā́ma)
may we know, may we understand
सुमतीनां (sumatīnā́m)
of good minds, of good intentions
मा (mā́)
do not
नः (naḥ)
us
अति (áti)
beyond, past
ख्य (khyaḥ)
may you appear, may you be seen
आ (ā́)
hither
गहि (gahi)
come
Stanza 1.4.4
परे॑हि॒ विग्र॒मस्तृ॑त॒मिन्द्रं॑ पृच्छा विप॒श्चित॑म् | यस्ते॒ सखि॑भ्य॒ आ वर॑म् ||
párehi vígram ástr̥tam índram pr̥chā vipaścítam yás te sákhibhya ā́ váram
Go forth to the wise, unconquered Indra! Ask him, who is better for your friends.
This verse is an instruction to approach and inquire of the great god Indra, who is described as unconquered and wise. The speaker is encouraged to seek Indra out, emphasizing that Indra is superior and more beneficial than any human friend.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. परा इहि विग्रम अस्तृतम् párā ihi vígram ástr̥tam (8 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रं पृच्छ विपश्चितम् índram pr̥cha + vipaścítam (8 syllables)
- C. यः ते सखिभ्यः आ वरं yáḥ te sákhibhyaḥ ā́ váram (8 syllables)
परा (párā)
away, forth
इहि (ihi)
go
विग्रम (vígram)
away from the herd, separate
अस्तृतम् (ástr̥tam)
unconquered, not overcome
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
पृच्छ (pr̥cha +)
ask
विपश्चितम् (vipaścítam)
wise, intelligent
यः (yáḥ)
who
ते (te)
to you
सखिभ्यः (sákhibhyaḥ)
from friends
आ (ā́)
to
वरं (váram)
better, preferable
Stanza 1.4.5
उ॒त ब्रु॑वन्तु नो॒ निदो॒ निर॒न्यत॑श्चिदारत | दधा॑ना॒ इन्द्र॒ इद्दुवः॑ ||
utá bruvantu no nído nír anyátaś cid ārata dádhānā índra íd dúvaḥ
Let the mockers say, 'Go away to some other place!' You who are devoted to Indra, you indeed do good.
This verse addresses the critics or those who mock. It suggests that even if detractors tell the speaker to go away or to a different place, they should remain devoted to Indra. The verse emphasizes that those who serve Indra and only Indra are the ones who truly do good work or offer true service.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. उत ब्रुवन्तु नः निदः utá bruvantu naḥ nídaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. निस् अन्यतः चित् आरत nís anyátas cit ārata (8 syllables)
- C. दधानाः इन्द्रे इत् दुवः dádhānāḥ índre ít dúvaḥ (8 syllables)
उत (utá)
and, also
ब्रुवन्तु (bruvantu)
let them say
नः (naḥ)
of us
निदः (nídaḥ)
mockers, censurers
निस् (nís)
out, away
अन्यतः (anyátas)
from elsewhere, to another
चित् (cit)
indeed, even
आरत (ārata)
you went away, you departed
दधानाः (dádhānāḥ)
placing, establishing, devoted
इन्द्रे (índre)
in Indra
इत् (ít)
indeed
दुवः (dúvaḥ)
service, worship
Stanza 1.4.6
उ॒त नः॑ सु॒भगाँ॑ अ॒रिर्वो॒चेयु॑र्दस्म कृ॒ष्टयः॑ | स्यामेदिन्द्र॑स्य॒ शर्म॑णि ||
utá naḥ subhágām̐ arír vocéyur dasma kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ syā́méd índrasya śármaṇi
Or let people call us blessed, O wonderful one! May we indeed remain in Indra's protection.
This verse contemplates whether people will consider them fortunate or blessed, and whether they will be spoken of well. Regardless of external opinion, the speaker expresses a strong desire to remain under Indra's protection and care, finding refuge in his divine shelter.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. उत नः सुभगाँ अरिः utá naḥ subhágān aríḥ (8 syllables)
- B. वोचेयुः दस्म कृष्टयः vocéyuḥ dasma kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. स्याम इत् इन्द्रस्य शर्मणि syā́ma ít índrasya śármaṇi (8 syllables)
उत (utá)
or, and
नः (naḥ)
us
सुभगाँ (subhágān)
fortunate, blessed
अरिः (aríḥ)
O admirable one, O divine being
वोचेयुः (vocéyuḥ)
let them speak
दस्म (dasma)
O wonderful one, O doer of wonders
कृष्टयः (kr̥ṣṭáyaḥ)
people, mankind
स्याम (syā́ma)
may we be
इत् (ít)
indeed
इन्द्रस्य (índrasya)
of Indra
शर्मणि (śármaṇi)
in the shelter, in the protection
Stanza 1.4.7
एमा॒शुमा॒शवे॑ भर यज्ञ॒श्रियं॑ नृ॒माद॑नम् | प॒त॒यन्म॑न्द॒यत्स॑खम् ||
ém āśúm āśáve bhara yajñaśríyaṁ nr̥mā́danam patayán mandayátsakham
Bring the Soma quickly to the swift one! Bring the offering that gladdens man and Indra.
This is an offering chant, urging the bringers (priests or devotees) to quickly present the Soma, which is described as invigorating, pleasing to humans, and the source of joy for Indra. The Soma is being brought to the swift deity, Indra, to please him and bring him joy.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. आ ईम् आशुं आशवे भर ā́ īm āśúm āśáve bhara (8 syllables)
- B. यज्ञश्रियं नृमादनम् yajñaśríyam nr̥mā́danam (8 syllables)
- C. पतयन् मन्दयत्सखं patayát mandayátsakham (8 syllables)
आ (ā́)
to
ईम् (īm)
him
आशुं (āśúm)
swift
आशवे (āśáve)
to the swift one
भर (bhara)
bring
यज्ञश्रियं (yajñaśríyam)
the splendor of the sacrifice, the offering
नृमादनम् (nr̥mā́danam)
gladdening men, pleasing to men
पतयन् (patayát)
strengthening, enabling to fly
मन्दयत्सखं (mandayátsakham)
gladdening friend, friend who gladdens
Stanza 1.4.8
अ॒स्य पी॒त्वा श॑तक्रतो घ॒नो वृ॒त्राणा॑मभवः | प्रावो॒ वाजे॑षु वा॒जिन॑म् ||
asyá pītvā́ śatakrato ghanó vr̥trā́ṇām abhavaḥ prā́vo vā́jeṣu vājínam
Having drunk this, O controller of a hundred powers, you became the slayer of Vritras! You protected the strong one in battles.
This verse celebrates Indra's strength and power after drinking the Soma. It highlights his victory over Vritra, the serpent who hoarded waters, establishing Indra as the slayer of Vritra and a powerful protector and supporter, especially in battles and contests.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अस्य पीत्वा शतक्रतो asyá pītvā́ śatakrato (8 syllables)
- B. घनः वृत्राणां अभवः ghanáḥ vr̥trā́ṇām abhavaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. प्र आवो वाजेषु वाजिनं prá āvaḥ vā́jeṣu vājínam (8 syllables)
अस्य (asyá)
this
पीत्वा (pītvā́)
having drunk
शतक्रतो (śatakrato)
O controller of a hundred powers (Indra)
घनः (ghanáḥ)
slayer, destroyer
वृत्राणां (vr̥trā́ṇām)
of the Vritras (obstructions, demons)
अभवः (abhavaḥ)
you became
प्र (prá)
forth, forward
आवो (āvaḥ)
you protected, you aided
वाजेषु (vā́jeṣu)
in battles, in contests
वाजिनं (vājínam)
the strong one, the powerful one
Stanza 1.4.9
तं त्वा॒ वाजे॑षु वा॒जिनं॑ वा॒जया॑मः शतक्रतो | धना॑नामिन्द्र सा॒तये॑ ||
táṁ tvā vā́jeṣu vājínaṁ vājáyāmaḥ śatakrato dhánānām indra sātáye
We strengthen you, the powerful one in battles, O Indra, so that we may obtain wealth.
This verse is a declaration of strengthening Indra, acknowledging his power and might, especially in contests and battles. The purpose of this strengthening is to help Indra gain wealth and prosperity, signifying a partnership where devotees empower the god to achieve victories that benefit them.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. तं त्वा वाजेषु वाजिनं tám tvā vā́jeṣu vājínam (8 syllables)
- B. वाजयामः शतक्रतो vājáyāmaḥ śatakrato (8 syllables)
- C. धनानां इन्द्र सातये dhánānām indra sātáye (8 syllables)
तं (tám)
him
त्वा (tvā)
you
वाजेषु (vā́jeṣu)
in battles, in contests
वाजिनं (vājínam)
powerful, strong
वाजयामः (vājáyāmaḥ)
we strengthen, we invigorate
शतक्रतो (śatakrato)
O controller of a hundred powers (Indra)
धनानां (dhánānām)
of wealth
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
सातये (sātáye)
for obtaining, for gaining
Stanza 1.4.10
यो रा॒यो॒३॒॑ऽवनि॑र्म॒हान्त्सु॑पा॒रः सु॑न्व॒तः सखा॑ | तस्मा॒ इन्द्रा॑य गायत ||
yó rāyò 'vánir mahā́n supāráḥ sunvatáḥ sákhā tásmā índrāya gāyata
Sing to Indra, who is the great protector of wealth, the easy-to-cross friend of the sacrificer.
This verse praises Indra as a mighty source of wealth and a reliable friend to those who perform sacrifices (those who press the Soma). It is an encouragement to sing praises to Indra, recognizing him as the ultimate bestower of riches and prosperity.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यः रायः अवभिः महान् yáḥ rāyáḥ avániḥ mahā́n (8 syllables)
- B. सुपारः सुन्वतः सखा supāráḥ sunvatáḥ sákhā (8 syllables)
- C. तस्मै इन्द्राय गायत tásmai índrāya gāyata (8 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
रायः (rāyáḥ)
of wealth, of riches
अवभिः (avániḥ)
protector, preserver
महान् (mahā́n)
great, mighty
सुपारः (supāráḥ)
easy to cross over, helpful
सुन्वतः (sunvatáḥ)
of the one who presses Soma
सखा (sákhā)
friend
तस्मै (tásmai)
to him
इन्द्राय (índrāya)
to Indra
गायत (gāyata)
sing