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Stanza 1.41.1
यं रक्ष॑न्ति॒ प्रचे॑तसो॒ वरु॑णो मि॒त्रो अ॑र्य॒मा | नू चि॒त्स द॑भ्यते॒ जनः॑ ||
yáṁ rákṣanti prácetaso váruṇo mitró aryamā́ nū́ cit sá dabhyate jánaḥ
Anyone whom the wise gods Varuna, Mitra, and Aryaman protect, can never be harmed. Such a person is truly safe.
This stanza reassures us that no harm can come to anyone protected by the divine triad: Varuna, Mitra, and Aryaman. These powerful deities, described as 'pracetasaḥ' (possessing profound wisdom or consciousness), act as guardians, ensuring the safety and well-being of those under their watch.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यं रक्ष॑न्ति प्रचे॑तसो yám rákṣanti prácetasaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. वरु॑णो मि॒त्रो अर्य॒मा váruṇaḥ mitráḥ aryamā́ (8 syllables)
- C. नू चि त्स दभ्यते जनः॑ nú + cit sá dabhyate jánaḥ (8 syllables)
यं (yám)
Whom
रक्ष॑न्ति (rákṣanti)
Protect
प्रचे॑तसो (prácetasaḥ)
Wise, thoughtful
वरु॑णो (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna (a chief deity)
मि॒त्रो (mitráḥ)
Mitra (a deity associated with friendship and contracts)
अर्य॒मा (aryamā́)
Aryaman (a deity associated with hospitality and justice)
नू (nú +)
Indeed, now
चि (cit)
Indeed, even
त्स (sá)
He
दभ्यते (dabhyate)
Is harmed, is subdued
जनः॑ (jánaḥ)
Person, man
Stanza 1.41.2
यं बा॒हुते॑व॒ पिप्र॑ति॒ पान्ति॒ मर्त्यं॑ रि॒षः | अरि॑ष्टः॒ सर्व॑ एधते ||
yám bāhúteva píprati pā́nti mártyaṁ riṣáḥ áriṣṭaḥ sárva edhate
The person whom they protect, like someone blessed with strong arms, is kept safe from harm and thrives, prospering in every way.
This verse describes the benefits of divine protection, stating that the person guarded by the gods thrives and remains unharmed by any dangers or enemies. Their prosperity and well-being are assured, as if they are constantly being enriched and shielded from all harm.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यं बा॒हुते॑व पिप्र॑ति पान्ति yám bāhútā iva píprati (8 syllables)
- B. मर्त्यं॑ रि॒षः अरि॑ष्टः pā́nti mártyam riṣáḥ (8 syllables)
- C. सर्व॑ एधते वि áriṣṭaḥ sárvaḥ edhate (8 syllables)
यं (yám)
Whom
बा॒हुते॑व (bāhútā)
With strong arms, with abundance
पिप्र॑ति (iva)
Like, as if
पान्ति (píprati)
Enrich, make full
मर्त्यं॑ (pā́nti)
Protect, guard
रि॒षः (mártyam)
Mortal man
अरि॑ष्टः (riṣáḥ)
From harm, from loss
सर्व॑ (áriṣṭaḥ)
Unharmed, uninjured
एधते (sárvaḥ)
All, entire
वि (edhate)
Thrives, prospers, grows
Stanza 1.41.3
वि दु॒र्गा वि द्विषः॑ पु॒रो घ्नन्ति॒ राजा॑न एषाम् | नय॑न्ति दुरि॒ता ति॒रः ||
ví durgā́ ví dvíṣaḥ puró ghnánti rā́jāna eṣām náyanti duritā́ tiráḥ
They (the divine kings) drive away dangers and enemies, leading this person through difficult paths and overcoming troubles.
This verse highlights the power of divine guidance, stating that the 'kings' (referring to the gods or divine forces) clear away difficulties and enemies for an individual. They lead this person away from troubles and through dangerous situations, ensuring a safe passage forward.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. वि दु॒र्गा वि द्विषः॑ पु॒रो ví durgā́ ví dvíṣaḥ purás (8 syllables)
- B. घ्नन्ति राजा॑न एषाम् ghnánti rā́jānaḥ eṣām (8 syllables)
- C. नय॑न्ति दुरि॒ता ति॒रः náyanti duritā́ tirás (8 syllables)
वि (ví)
Away, apart
दु॒र्गा (durgā́)
Difficulties, fortresses, dangers
वि (ví)
Away, apart
द्विषः॑ (dvíṣaḥ)
Enemies, hatred
पु॒रो (purás)
Forward, in front
घ्नन्ति (ghnánti)
Strike down, destroy
राजा॑न (rā́jānaḥ)
Kings (often referring to deities)
एषाम् (eṣām)
Of him, of them
नय॑न्ति (náyanti)
Lead, guide
दुरि॒ता (duritā́)
Evils, distresses, hardships
ति॒रः (tirás)
Across, beyond
Stanza 1.41.4
सु॒गः पन्था॑ अनृक्ष॒र आदि॑त्यास ऋ॒तं य॒ते | नात्रा॑वखा॒दो अ॑स्ति वः ||
sugáḥ pánthā anr̥kṣará ā́dityāsa r̥táṁ yaté nā́trāvakhādó asti vaḥ
O Adityas, the path is smooth and easy for one who follows the truth. There is nothing in them that displeases you.
This verse describes the path of righteousness ('rta') as being smooth and easy for those who follow it, especially when guided by the Adityas. It implies that adhering to cosmic order and truth removes obstacles and ensures that the divine beings are pleased, not angered, by one's actions.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. सु॒गः पन्था॑ अनृक्ष॒र sugáḥ pánthāḥ anr̥kṣaráḥ (8 syllables)
- B. आदि॑त्यास य॒ते नात्रा॑वखा॒दो ā́dityāsaḥ r̥tám yaté (8 syllables)
- C. अस्ति वः च॒तुर॑श्चि द्द दद॑माना ná átra avakhādáḥ asti vaḥ (8 syllables)
सु॒गः (sugáḥ)
Easy to traverse, smooth
पन्था॑ (pánthāḥ)
Path, way
अनृक्ष॒र (anr̥kṣaráḥ)
Not stumbling, not falling, smooth
आदि॑त्यास (ā́dityāsaḥ)
O Adityas (sons of Aditi, divine beings)
य॒ते (r̥tám)
Truth, cosmic order, righteousness
नात्रा॑वखा॒दो (yaté)
For him who goes, for him who follows
अस्ति (ná)
Not
वः (átra)
Here, in this matter
च॒तुर॑श्चि (avakhādáḥ)
Obstacle, stumbling block
द्द (asti)
Is
दद॑माना (vaḥ)
To you
Stanza 1.41.5
यं य॒ज्ञं नय॑था नर॒ आदि॑त्या ऋ॒जुना॑ प॒था | प्र वः॒ स धी॒तये॑ नशत् ||
yáṁ yajñáṁ náyathā nara ā́dityā r̥júnā pathā́ prá vaḥ sá dhītáye naśat
O heroes, Adityas, what sacrifice you guide along the straight path – may that reach you well for our devotion.
This verse addresses the Adityas directly, asking them to guide human endeavors, specifically sacrifices, along the right path. It expresses a desire for these divine actions and efforts to be recognized and accepted by the gods, bringing them closer to the divine.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यं य॒ज्ञं नय॑था नर yám yajñám náyatha + naraḥ (8 syllables)
- B. आदि॑त्या ऋ॒जुना॑ प॒था ā́dityāḥ r̥júnā pathā́ (8 syllables)
- C. प्र वः स धी॒तये॑ नशत् prá vaḥ sá dhītáye naśat (8 syllables)
यं (yám)
Which
य॒ज्ञं (yajñám)
Sacrifice, offering
नय॑था (náyatha +)
You lead, you guide
नर (naraḥ)
Heroes, men (vocative)
आदि॑त्या (ā́dityāḥ)
O Adityas
ऋ॒जुना॑ (r̥júnā)
Straight, direct
प॒था (pathā́)
By the path
प्र (prá)
Forward, forth
वः (vaḥ)
To you
स (sá)
That
धी॒तये॑ (dhītáye)
For devotion, for thought, for nourishment
नशत् (naśat)
May it reach, may it attain
Stanza 1.41.6
स रत्नं॒ मर्त्यो॒ वसु॒ विश्वं॑ तो॒कमु॒त त्मना॑ | अच्छा॑ गच्छ॒त्यस्तृ॑तः ||
sá rátnam mártyo vásu víśvaṁ tokám utá tmánā áchā gachaty ástr̥taḥ
That mortal, unhindered, moves towards and attains wealth, all good things, and offspring.
This verse celebrates the rewards of a life lived in accordance with divine principles. It states that a mortal who consistently moves towards the divine ('achchha') and is unhindered ('astritaḥ') attains wealth, prosperity, and all desired good things, including offspring.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स रत्नं॒ मर्त्यो वसु sá rátnam mártyaḥ vásu (8 syllables)
- B. विश्वं॑ तो॒कमु उत त्मना॑ víśvam tokám utá tmánā (8 syllables)
- C. अच्छा गच्छ॒त्यस्तृ॑तः मा ácha + gachati ástr̥taḥ (8 syllables)
स (sá)
That
रत्नं॒ (rátnam)
Treasure, jewel, precious thing
मर्त्यो (mártyaḥ)
Mortal man
वसु (vásu)
Wealth, good
विश्वं॑ (víśvam)
All, entire
तो॒कमु (tokám)
Offspring, descendant
उत (utá)
And
त्मना॑ (tmánā)
With himself, by himself
अच्छा (ácha +)
Towards, to
गच्छ॒त्यस्तृ॑तः (gachati)
Goes, attains
मा (ástr̥taḥ)
Unharmed, unhindered, unwearied
Stanza 1.41.7
क॒था रा॑धाम सखायः॒ स्तोमं॑ मि॒त्रस्या॑र्य॒म्णः | महि॒ प्सरो॒ वरु॑णस्य ||
kathā́ rādhāma sakhāya stómam mitrásyāryamṇáḥ máhi psáro váruṇasya
Friends, how shall we offer praise and adoration to Mitra, Aryaman, and Varuna?
This is a plea from the speaker to their companions, asking how they should praise or offer worship to the great gods Mitra, Aryaman, and Varuna. The focus is on preparing a worthy offering or hymn ('stoma') to please these deities.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. क॒था रा॒धाम सखायः kathā́ rādhāma sakhāyaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. स्तोम मि॒त्रस्या॑र्य म्नः stómam mitrásya aryamṇáḥ (8 syllables)
- C. महि प्सरो वरु॑णस्य máhi psáraḥ váruṇasya (8 syllables)
क॒था (kathā́)
How
रा॒धाम (rādhāma)
May we accomplish, may we worship
सखायः (sakhāyaḥ)
O friends
स्तोम (stómam)
Praise, hymn, song of praise
मि॒त्रस्या॑र्य (mitrásya)
Of Mitra
म्नः (aryamṇáḥ)
Of Aryaman
महि (máhi)
Great, mighty
प्सरो (psáraḥ)
Offering, food, sustenance
वरु॑णस्य (váruṇasya)
Of Varuna
Stanza 1.41.8
मा वो॒ घ्नन्तं॒ मा शप॑न्तं॒ प्रति॑ वोचे देव॒यन्त॑म् | सु॒म्नैरिद्व॒ आ वि॑वासे ||
mā́ vo ghnántam mā́ śápantam práti voce devayántam sumnaír íd va ā́ vivāse
I will not address the one who harms or insults the worshipper of the gods. I will only approach you with good things.
The speaker declares their intention not to address or support anyone who harms or insults the divine ('devayantam'). Instead, they wish to connect with the gods solely through sincere devotion and worship, expressing a preference for spiritual connection over negative interactions.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. मा आ घ्नन्तं मा शप॑न्त mā́ vaḥ ghnántam mā́ śápantam (8 syllables)
- B. प्रति वोचे देव॒यन्त práti voce devayántam (8 syllables)
- C. सु॒म्नैरि द्व आ विव.से च sumnaíḥ ít vaḥ ā́ vivāse (8 syllables)
मा (mā́)
Not
आ (vaḥ)
To you
घ्नन्तं (ghnántam)
Striking, harming
मा (mā́)
Not
शप॑न्त (śápantam)
Cursing, reviling
प्रति (práti)
Towards, in response
वोचे (voce)
May I speak, may I address
देव॒यन्त (devayántam)
Worshipping the gods, devoted to the gods
सु॒म्नैरि (sumnaíḥ)
With blessings, with favor, with good things
द्व (ít)
Indeed, thus
आ (vaḥ)
To you
विव.से (ā́)
To, towards
च (vivāse)
May I approach, may I dwell with
Stanza 1.41.9
च॒तुर॑श्चि॒द्दद॑मानाद्बिभी॒यादा निधा॑तोः | न दु॑रु॒क्ताय॑ स्पृहयेत् ||
catúraś cid dádamānād bibhīyā́d ā́ nídhātoḥ ná duruktā́ya spr̥hayet
One should fear the one who holds everything, and not desire to utter harsh words.
This verse advises caution against harsh or ill-spoken words. It suggests that one should fear and avoid speaking negatively, perhaps implying a divine power ('caturaḥ') that oversees all actions and words, and that one should not desire to utter such harmful speech.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. च॒तुर॑श्चि द्द दद॑माना catúraḥ cit dádamānāt (8 syllables)
- B. बिभी॒यादा निधा॑तोः न bibhīyā́t ā́ nídhātoḥ (7 syllables)
- C. दुरु क्ताय स्पृहयेत् ná duruktā́ya spr̥hayet (8 syllables)
च॒तुर॑श्चि (catúraḥ)
Four (possibly referring to the four directions or a divine power)
द्द (cit)
Indeed, even
दद॑माना (dádamānāt)
Giving, bestowing (possibly referring to judgment)
बिभी॒यादा (bibhīyā́t)
Should fear
निधा॑तोः (ā́)
Towards, up to
न (nídhātoḥ)
Of establishing, of placing (possibly relating to judgment or consequence)
दुरु (ná)
Not
क्ताय (duruktā́ya)
For evil speech, for harsh words
स्पृहयेत् (spr̥hayet)
Should desire, should long for