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Stanza 1.32.1
इन्द्र॑स्य॒ नु वी॒र्या॑णि॒ प्र वो॑चं॒ यानि॑ च॒कार॑ प्रथ॒मानि॑ व॒ज्री | अह॒न्नहि॒मन्व॒पस्त॑तर्द॒ प्र व॒क्षणा॑ अभिन॒त्पर्व॑तानाम् ||
índrasya nú vīryāā̀ṇi prá vocaṁ yā́ni cakā́ra prathamā́ni vajrī́ áhann áhim ánv apás tatarda prá vakṣáṇā abhinat párvatānām
Let me tell you about the amazing powers of Indra, the one with the thunderbolt! He performed his first great deeds: he killed the serpent, released the waters, and broke open the paths for the mountain streams.
This stanza introduces the epic battle between Indra, the powerful god of thunder, and Vritra, the serpent-like being who hoards the waters. Indra, wielding his thunderbolt, is about to unleash his might. The stanza sets the stage for Indra's first and most significant feats.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इन्द्रस्य नु वी॒र्या॑णि प्र वोचं índrasya nú vīryā̀ṇi prá vocam (11 syllables)
- B. यानि चकार प्रथमानि वज्री yā́ni cakā́ra prathamā́ni vajrī́ (11 syllables)
- C. अहन् अहिं अनु अपः ततर्द áhan áhim ánu apáḥ tatarda (11 syllables)
- D. प्र वक्षणा अभिनत् पर्वतानाम् prá vakṣáṇāḥ abhinat párvatānām (11 syllables)
इन्द्रस्य (índrasya)
of Indra
नु (nú)
now
वी॒र्या॑णि (vīryā̀ṇi)
heroic acts
प्र (prá)
forth
वोचं (vocam)
let me speak
यानि (yā́ni)
which
चकार (cakā́ra)
he performed
प्रथमानि (prathamā́ni)
first
वज्री (vajrī́)
the thunderbolt-wielder
अहन् (áhan)
he struck
अहिं (áhim)
the serpent
अनु (ánu)
after
अपः (apáḥ)
waters
ततर्द (tatarda)
he split open
प्र (prá)
forth
वक्षणा (vakṣáṇāḥ)
channels
अभिनत् (abhinat)
he broke open
पर्वतानाम् (párvatānām)
of the mountains
Stanza 1.32.2
अह॒न्नहिं॒ पर्व॑ते शिश्रिया॒णं त्वष्टा॑स्मै॒ वज्रं॑ स्व॒र्यं॑ ततक्ष | वा॒श्रा इ॑व धे॒नवः॒ स्यन्द॑माना॒ अञ्जः॑ समु॒द्रमव॑ जग्मु॒रापः॑ ||
áhann áhim párvate śiśriyāṇáṁ tváṣṭāsmai vájraṁ svaryàṁ tatakṣa vāśrā́ iva dhenávaḥ syándamānā áñjaḥ samudrám áva jagmur ā́paḥ
He struck down the serpent lying on the mountain. For him, Tvashtar forged the gleaming thunderbolt. Then, like cows rushing forward, the waters flowed down into the ocean.
This stanza details Indra's victory over the serpent Vritra, who was lying on a mountain. After killing Vritra, Indra, with the help of Tvashtar (the divine craftsman), released the waters, which then flowed down like cows to the ocean.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहन् अहिं पर्वते शिश्रियाणं áhan áhim párvate śiśriyāṇám (11 syllables)
- B. त्वष्टा अस्मै वज्रं स्वर्यं ततक्ष tváṣṭā asmai vájram svaryàm tatakṣa (11 syllables)
- C. वाश्रा इव धेनवः स्यन्दमानाः vāśrā́ḥ iva dhenávaḥ syándamānāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अञ्जः समुद्रं अव जग्मुः आपः áñjas samudrám áva jagmuḥ ā́paḥ (11 syllables)
अहन् (áhan)
he struck
अहिं (áhim)
the serpent
पर्वते (párvate)
on the mountain
शिश्रियाणं (śiśriyāṇám)
lying
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvashtar (the divine craftsman)
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
वज्रं (vájram)
thunderbolt
स्वर्यं (svaryàm)
gleaming/heavenly
ततक्ष (tatakṣa)
he forged
वाश्रा (vāśrā́ḥ)
lowing (like cows)
इव (iva)
like
धेनवः (dhenávaḥ)
cows
स्यन्दमानाः (syándamānāḥ)
flowing swiftly
अञ्जः (áñjas)
straight/directly
समुद्रं (samudrám)
to the ocean
अव (áva)
down
जग्मुः (jagmuḥ)
they went
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
Stanza 1.32.3
वृ॒षा॒यमा॑णोऽवृणीत॒ सोमं॒ त्रिक॑द्रुकेष्वपिबत्सु॒तस्य॑ | आ साय॑कं म॒घवा॑दत्त॒ वज्र॒मह॑न्नेनं प्रथम॒जामही॑नाम् ||
vr̥ṣāyámāṇo 'vr̥ṇīta sómaṁ tríkadrukeṣv apibat sutásya ā́ sā́yakam maghávādatta vájram áhann enam prathamajā́m áhīnām
Acting like a powerful bull, he chose the Soma. He drank the pressed juice in three special cups. Then, Indra, the mighty one, grabbed his thunderbolt and struck down the firstborn of the serpents.
This verse describes Indra's warrior spirit, comparing him to a strong bull. He chose the Soma drink and consumed it in three sacred vessels. Armed with his mighty thunderbolt, Indra then struck down the firstborn of the serpents.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वृषायमाणो अवृणीत सोमं vr̥ṣāyámāṇaḥ avr̥ṇīta sómam (11 syllables)
- B. त्रिकद्रुकेषु अपिबत् सुतस्य tríkadrukeṣu apibat sutásya (11 syllables)
- C. आ सायकं which is Indra अदत्त वज्रं ā́ sā́yakam maghávā adatta vájram (11 syllables)
- D. महन् एनं प्रथमजाम् अहीनाम् áhan enam prathamajā́m áhīnām (11 syllables)
वृषायमाणो (vr̥ṣāyámāṇaḥ)
acting like a bull
अवृणीत (avr̥ṇīta)
he chose
सोमं (sómam)
Soma (a ritual drink)
त्रिकद्रुकेषु (tríkadrukeṣu)
in three ritual vessels
अपिबत् (apibat)
he drank
सुतस्य (sutásya)
of the pressed juice
आ (ā́)
up
सायकं (sā́yakam)
weapon
which is Indra (maghávā)
Indra (the bounteous)
अदत्त (adatta)
he took
वज्रं (vájram)
thunderbolt
महन् (áhan)
he struck
एनं (enam)
him
प्रथमजाम् (prathamajā́m)
firstborn
अहीनाम् (áhīnām)
of the serpent
Stanza 1.32.4
यदि॒न्द्राह॑न्प्रथम॒जामही॑ना॒मान्मा॒यिना॒ममि॑नाः॒ प्रोत मा॒याः | आत्सूर्यं॑ ज॒नय॒न्द्यामु॒षासं॑ ता॒दीत्ना॒ शत्रुं॒ न किला॑ विवित्से ||
yád indrā́han prathamajā́m áhīnām ā́n māyínām ámināḥ prótá māyā́ḥ ā́t sū́ryaṁ janáyan dyā́m uṣā́saṁ tādī́tnā śátruṁ ná kílā vivitse
When you, Indra, defeated the firstborn serpent and its cunning magic, you then brought forth the sun, the dawn, and the sky! Truly, after that, you found no enemy capable of standing against you.
This stanza celebrates Indra's power after defeating the firstborn serpent and its magical allies. By conquering this foe, Indra brought forth the sun, dawn, and sky, signifying the return of light and order. This victory established Indra's supreme position, leaving no other enemy capable of challenging him.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यदि इन्द्र अहन् प्रथमजाम् अहीनाम् yát indra áhan prathamajā́m áhīnām (11 syllables)
- B. आत् मायिनां अमिनाः प्र उत मायाः ā́t māyínām ámināḥ prá utá māyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. आत् सूर्य जनयन् द्यां उषसं ā́t sū́ryam janáyan dyā́m uṣā́sam (11 syllables)
- D. तादीत्ना शत्रुं न विवित्से tādī́tnā śátrum ná kíla + vivitse (11 syllables)
यदि (yát)
when
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
अहन् (áhan)
you struck
प्रथमजाम् (prathamajā́m)
firstborn
अहीनाम् (áhīnām)
of the serpent
आत् (ā́t)
then
मायिनां (māyínām)
of the sorcerers/magicians
अमिनाः (ámināḥ)
you destroyed
प्र (prá)
forth
उत (utá)
and
मायाः (māyā́ḥ)
magic
आत् (ā́t)
then
सूर्य (sū́ryam)
the sun
जनयन् (janáyan)
bringing forth
द्यां (dyā́m)
the sky
उषसं (uṣā́sam)
the dawn
तादीत्ना (tādī́tnā)
truly/indeed
शत्रुं (śátrum)
an enemy
न (ná)
not
(kíla +)
विवित्से (vivitse)
you found
Stanza 1.32.5
अह॑न्वृ॒त्रं वृ॑त्र॒तरं॒ व्यं॑स॒मिन्द्रो॒ वज्रे॑ण मह॒ता व॒धेन॑ | स्कन्धां॑सीव॒ कुलि॑शेना॒ विवृ॒क्णाहिः॑ शयत उप॒पृक्पृ॑थि॒व्याः ||
áhan vr̥tráṁ vr̥tratáraṁ vyàṁsam índro vájreṇa mahatā́ vadhéna skándhāṁsīva kúliśenā vívr̥kṇā́hiḥ śayata upapŕ̥k pr̥thivyā́ḥ
Indra struck down Vritra and even worse than Vritra, Vyamasa, with his great, deadly weapon. Like tree trunks chopped by an axe, Vritra's broken body lay scattered, clinging to the earth.
This verse depicts the brutal defeat of Vritra by Indra. Indra, armed with his powerful thunderbolt, shattered Vritra into pieces. The fragmented body of Vritra lay scattered on the earth, likened to tree trunks cut by an axe, signifying the complete destruction of the formidable foe.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहन् वृत्रं वृत्रतरं व्यंसं áhan vr̥trám vr̥tratáram vyàṃsam (11 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रः वज्रेण महता वधेन índraḥ vájreṇa mahatā́ vadhéna (11 syllables)
- C. स्कन्धांसीव इव विवृक्णा skándhāṃsi iva kúliśena + vívr̥kṇā (11 syllables)
- D. आहिः शयत उपपृक् पृथिव्याः áhiḥ śayate upapŕ̥k pr̥thivyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
अहन् (áhan)
he struck
वृत्रं (vr̥trám)
Vritra
वृत्रतरं (vr̥tratáram)
one worse than Vritra
व्यंसं (vyàṃsam)
Vyamasa (another name for a foe)
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
वज्रेण (vájreṇa)
with the thunderbolt
महता (mahatā́)
great
वधेन (vadhéna)
with the weapon/killing blow
स्कन्धांसीव (skándhāṃsi)
limbs/pieces
इव (iva)
like
(kúliśena +)
विवृक्णा (vívr̥kṇā)
cut to pieces
आहिः (áhiḥ)
the serpent
शयत (śayate)
lies
उपपृक् (upapŕ̥k)
touching/clinging to
पृथिव्याः (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
Stanza 1.32.6
अ॒यो॒द्धेव॑ दु॒र्मद॒ आ हि जु॒ह्वे म॑हावी॒रं तु॑विबा॒धमृ॑जी॒षम् | नाता॑रीदस्य॒ समृ॑तिं व॒धानां॒ सं रु॒जानाः॑ पिपिष॒ इन्द्र॑शत्रुः ||
ayoddhéva durmáda ā́ hí juhvé mahāvīráṁ tuvibādhám r̥jīṣám nā́tārīd asya sámr̥tiṁ vadhā́nāṁ sáṁ rujā́nāḥ pipiṣa índraśatruḥ
Like a drunken, useless fighter, he challenged Indra, the mighty hero who crushes many. He couldn't withstand the onslaught of weapons. Indra's foe, broken and falling, was crushed.
This verse characterizes the defeated foe, Vritra, as a cowardly and foolish challenger. Despite his immense power (implied by challenging Indra, the 'mighty hero'), he failed to withstand Indra's onslaught. The verse suggests that Vritra's downfall led to the destruction of his fortresses or strongholds, described as 'shattered' and 'crushed'.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अयोद्धा इव दुर्मद आ हि जुह्वे ayoddhā́ iva durmádaḥ ā́ hí juhvé (11 syllables)
- B. महावीरं तुविबाधं ऋजीषं mahāvīrám tuvibādhám r̥jīṣám (11 syllables)
- C. ना अतारीत् अस्य स्मृतिं वधानां ná atārīt asya sámr̥tim vadhā́nām (11 syllables)
- D. सं रुजानाः पिपिषे इन्द्रशत्रुः sám rujā́nāḥ pipiṣe índraśatruḥ (11 syllables)
अयोद्धा (ayoddhā́)
non-warrior/coward
इव (iva)
like
दुर्मद (durmádaḥ)
madly/foolishly
आ (ā́)
up
हि (hí)
indeed
जुह्वे (juhvé)
he challenged
महावीरं (mahāvīrám)
great hero
तुविबाधं (tuvibādhám)
crushing many/powerful
ऋजीषं (r̥jīṣám)
powerful (as an epithet)
ना (ná)
not
अतारीत् (atārīt)
he endured/passed through
अस्य (asya)
his
स्मृतिं (sámr̥tim)
resistance/onset
वधानां (vadhā́nām)
of the weapons/blows
सं (sám)
together/completely
रुजानाः (rujā́nāḥ)
breaking/shattering
पिपिषे (pipiṣe)
he crushed
इन्द्रशत्रुः (índraśatruḥ)
Indra's foe
Stanza 1.32.7
अ॒पाद॑ह॒स्तो अ॑पृतन्य॒दिन्द्र॒मास्य॒ वज्र॒मधि॒ सानौ॑ जघान | वृष्णो॒ वध्रिः॑ प्रति॒मानं॒ बुभू॑षन्पुरु॒त्रा वृ॒त्रो अ॑शय॒द्व्य॑स्तः ||
apā́d ahastó apr̥tanyad índram ā́sya vájram ádhi sā́nau jaghāna vŕ̥ṣṇo vádhriḥ pratimā́nam búbhūṣan purutrā́ vr̥tró aśayad vyàstaḥ
Without feet or hands, he fought against Indra. Indra struck him on the back with his thunderbolt. Though impotent, he tried to match Indra, but Vritra lay scattered in many pieces.
This verse describes the surreal nature of the battle, where Vritra, despite being 'footless and handless', dared to challenge Indra. Indra, wielding his thunderbolt, struck Vritra on his 'back' (or neck/shoulders). Vritra, rendered 'impotent' (vadhriḥ), lay scattered, unable to match Indra's prowess.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अपाद अहस्तो अपृतन्यत् इन्द्रं apā́t ahastáḥ apr̥tanyat índram (11 syllables)
- B. आ आस्य वज्रं अधि सानौ जघान ā́ asya vájram ádhi sā́nau jaghāna (11 syllables)
- C. वृष्णो वध्रिः प्रतिमानं बुभूषन् vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ vádhriḥ pratimā́nam búbhūṣan (11 syllables)
- D. पुरुत्रा वृत्रो अशयत व्यस्तः purutrā́ vr̥tráḥ aśayat vyàstaḥ (11 syllables)
अपाद (apā́t)
footless
अहस्तो (ahastáḥ)
handless
अपृतन्यत् (apr̥tanyat)
he fought/contended
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
आ (ā́)
upon
आस्य (asya)
his
वज्रं (vájram)
thunderbolt
अधि (ádhi)
on
सानौ (sā́nau)
on the shoulder/back
जघान (jaghāna)
he struck
वृष्णो (vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ)
of the strong one (Vritra)
वध्रिः (vádhriḥ)
impotent/emasculated
प्रतिमानं (pratimā́nam)
rivalry/likeness
बुभूषन् (búbhūṣan)
desiring to be
पुरुत्रा (purutrā́)
in many places
वृत्रो (vr̥tráḥ)
Vritra
अशयत (aśayat)
lay
व्यस्तः (vyàstaḥ)
scattered/dissevered
Stanza 1.32.8
न॒दं न भि॒न्नम॑मु॒या शया॑नं॒ मनो॒ रुहा॑णा॒ अति॑ य॒न्त्यापः॑ | याश्चि॑द्वृ॒त्रो म॑हि॒ना प॒र्यति॑ष्ठ॒त्तासा॒महिः॑ पत्सुतः॒शीर्ब॑भूव ||
nadáṁ ná bhinnám amuyā́ śáyānam máno rúhāṇā áti yanty ā́paḥ yā́ś cid vr̥tró mahinā́ paryátiṣṭhat tā́sām áhiḥ patsutaḥśī́r babhūva
Like a broken dam, he lay there. The waters, finding courage, surged over him. The very rivers that Vritra had held back with his immense power now flowed over his scattered body.
This verse vividly describes the fallen Vritra, lying broken like a dam that has burst. The waters, previously held captive, now flow freely over his body, gaining courage. The waters that Vritra had imprisoned with his might now rush over his corpse, signifying his ultimate defeat.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. नदं न भिन्नं अमुया शयानं nadám ná bhinnám amuyā́ śáyānam (11 syllables)
- B. मनो रुहाणा अति यन्ति आपः mánoḥ úhānāḥ áti yanti ā́paḥ (11 syllables)
- C. याश्चि चिद् वृत्रो महिना पर्यतिष्ठत् yā́ḥ cit vr̥tráḥ mahinā́ paryátiṣṭhat (11 syllables)
- D. तासाम् आहिः पसुतःशीर् बभूव tā́sām áhiḥ patsutaḥśī́ḥ babhūva (11 syllables)
नदं (nadám)
a roaring sound / like a broken dam
न (ná)
not
भिन्नं (bhinnám)
broken
अमुया (amuyā́)
there
शयानं (śáyānam)
lying
मनो (mánoḥ)
of Manu (a term of endearment or possibly referring to a human-like being)
रुहाणा (úhānāḥ)
taking courage
अति (áti)
over
यन्ति (yanti)
they go/flow
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
याश्चि (yā́ḥ)
which
चिद् (cit)
indeed
वृत्रो (vr̥tráḥ)
Vritra
महिना (mahinā́)
by might/greatness
पर्यतिष्ठत् (paryátiṣṭhat)
had encompassed/stood around
तासाम् (tā́sām)
of them
आहिः (áhiḥ)
the serpent
पसुतःशीर् (patsutaḥśī́ḥ)
lying under feet
बभूव (babhūva)
became
Stanza 1.32.9
नी॒चाव॑या अभवद्वृ॒त्रपु॒त्रेन्द्रो॑ अस्या॒ अव॒ वध॑र्जभार | उत्त॑रा॒ सूरध॑रः पु॒त्र आ॑सी॒द्दानुः॑ शये स॒हव॑त्सा॒ न धे॒नुः ||
nīcā́vayā abhavad vr̥tráputréndro asyā áva vádhar jabhāra úttarā sū́r ádharaḥ putrá āsīd dā́nuḥ śaye sahávatsā ná dhenúḥ
The strength of the serpent's mother (Danu) was diminished. Indra's thunderbolt struck her down. The mother lay above, the son below; Danu lay there like a cow with her calf.
This verse speaks of the aftermath of Vritra's defeat. His mother, Danu, a powerful entity associated with cosmic waters, is humbled. Indra's thunderbolt strikes her, and the verse describes the position of mother and son (Vritra) in a final embrace, like a cow lying with her calf, symbolizing their shared fate.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. नीचावया अभवत् वृत्रपुत्रा nīcā́vayāḥ abhavat vr̥tráputrā (11 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रो अस्या अव वधर् जभार índraḥ asyāḥ áva vádhar jabhāra (11 syllables)
- C. उत्तरा सूः अधरः पुत्र आसीत् úttarā sū́ḥ ádharaḥ putráḥ āsīt (11 syllables)
- D. दानुः शये सहवत्सा न धेनुः dā́nuḥ śaye sahávatsā ná dhenúḥ (11 syllables)
नीचावया (nīcā́vayāḥ)
lowered in strength
अभवत् (abhavat)
became
वृत्रपुत्रा (vr̥tráputrā)
mother of Vritra
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
अस्या (asyāḥ)
her
अव (áva)
down
वधर् (vádhar)
weapon/strike
जभार (jabhāra)
he cast/hurled
उत्तरा (úttarā)
upper
सूः (sū́ḥ)
mother
अधरः (ádharaḥ)
lower
पुत्र (putráḥ)
son
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
दानुः (dā́nuḥ)
Danu (mother of Vritra)
शये (śaye)
lay
सहवत्सा (sahávatsā)
with her calf
न (ná)
like
धेनुः (dhenúḥ)
a cow
Stanza 1.32.10
अति॑ष्ठन्तीनामनिवेश॒नानां॒ काष्ठा॑नां॒ मध्ये॒ निहि॑तं॒ शरी॑रम् | वृ॒त्रस्य॑ नि॒ण्यं वि च॑र॒न्त्यापो॑ दी॒र्घं तम॒ आश॑य॒दिन्द्र॑शत्रुः ||
átiṣṭhantīnām aniveśanā́nāṁ kā́ṣṭhānām mádhye níhitaṁ śárīram vr̥trásya niṇyáṁ ví caranty ā́po dīrgháṁ táma ā́śayad índraśatruḥ
Vritra's body lay hidden deep within the never-ending flow of waters that do not stop. The waters carried away the nameless body of Vritra. Indra's foe sank into long-lasting darkness.
This verse describes the fate of Vritra's body after being slain by Indra. His body is hidden within the ceaseless flow of rivers and currents, signifying that even in defeat, Vritra's essence is dispersed within the very waters he tried to control. Indra's victory plunges him into eternal darkness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अतिष्ठन्तीनां अनिवेशनानां átiṣṭhantīnām aniveśanā́nām (11 syllables)
- B. काष्ठानां मध्ये निहितं शरीरं kā́ṣṭhānām mádhye níhitam śárīram (11 syllables)
- C. वृत्रस्य निण्यं वि चरन्त्यापो आपः vr̥trásya niṇyám ví caranti ā́paḥ (11 syllables)
- D. दीर्घं तम आ आशयत् इन्द्रशत्रुः dīrghám támaḥ ā́ aśayat índraśatruḥ (11 syllables)
अतिष्ठन्तीनां (átiṣṭhantīnām)
never-ceasing
अनिवेशनानां (aniveśanā́nām)
without resting place/unstoppable
काष्ठानां (kā́ṣṭhānām)
currents/streams
मध्ये (mádhye)
in the middle of
निहितं (níhitam)
hidden/placed
शरीरं (śárīram)
body
वृत्रस्य (vr̥trásya)
of Vritra
निण्यं (niṇyám)
hidden/secret part
वि (ví)
apart/away
चरन्त्यापो (caranti)
they flow/move
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
दीर्घं (dīrghám)
long/lasting
तम (támaḥ)
darkness
आ (ā́)
into
आशयत् (aśayat)
he lay
इन्द्रशत्रुः (índraśatruḥ)
Indra's foe
Stanza 1.32.11
दा॒सप॑त्नी॒रहि॑गोपा अतिष्ठ॒न्निरु॑द्धा॒ आपः॑ प॒णिने॑व॒ गावः॑ | अ॒पां बिल॒मपि॑हितं॒ यदासी॑द्वृ॒त्रं ज॑घ॒न्वाँ अप॒ तद्व॑वार ||
dāsápatnīr áhigopā atiṣṭhan níruddhā ā́paḥ paṇíneva gā́vaḥ apā́m bílam ápihitaṁ yád ā́sīd vr̥tráṁ jaghanvā́m̐ ápa tád vavāra
The waters, held captive and guarded by serpents, were stagnant like cows captured by the Pani. When Indra killed Vritra, he opened the blocked opening of the waters.
This verse describes the situation before Vritra's defeat, where the waters were held captive ('enclosed by demons, guarded by a serpent') and stagnant, like cows held by a thief (the Pani). Indra's victory over Vritra opened the 'orifice' or dam holding the waters, releasing them.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दासपत्नीरहि गोपा अतिष्ठन् dāsápatnīḥ áhigopāḥ atiṣṭhan (11 syllables)
- B. निरुद्धा आपः पणिन इव गावः níruddhāḥ ā́paḥ paṇínā iva gā́vaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अपां बिलम अपिहितं यदासी त् apā́m bílam ápihitam yát ā́sīt (11 syllables)
- D. वृत्रं जघन्वाँ अप तद् अववार vr̥trám jaghanvā́n ápa tát vavāra (11 syllables)
दासपत्नीरहि (dāsápatnīḥ)
with demons as masters/guarded by demons
गोपा (áhigopāḥ)
guarded by serpents
अतिष्ठन् (atiṣṭhan)
stood
निरुद्धा (níruddhāḥ)
blocked/held back
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
पणिन (paṇínā)
by the Pani (a demon/robber)
इव (iva)
like
गावः (gā́vaḥ)
cows
अपां (apā́m)
of the waters
बिलम (bílam)
opening/cave
अपिहितं (ápihitam)
covered/obstructed
यदासी (yát)
which
त् (ā́sīt)
was
वृत्रं (vr̥trám)
Vritra
जघन्वाँ (jaghanvā́n)
having slain
अप (ápa)
away
तद् (tát)
that
अववार (vavāra)
he opened
Stanza 1.32.12
अश्व्यो॒ वारो॑ अभव॒स्तदि॑न्द्र सृ॒के यत्त्वा॑ प्र॒त्यह॑न्दे॒व एकः॑ | अज॑यो॒ गा अज॑यः शूर॒ सोम॒मवा॑सृजः॒ सर्त॑वे स॒प्त सिन्धू॑न् ||
áśvyo vā́ro abhavas tád indra sr̥ké yát tvā pratyáhan devá ékaḥ ájayo gā́ ájayaḥ śūra sómam ávāsr̥jaḥ sártave saptá síndhūn
You became like a horse's tail when struck, O Indra! When you, the single God, fought, you won back the cows and the Soma. You released the seven rivers to flow.
This verse celebrates Indra's power and victory. After being struck by his own thunderbolt (metaphorically described as a 'horse's tail'), Indra, the lone god, regained lost treasures: cows and Soma. Most importantly, he released the Seven Rivers, enabling flow and life.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अश्व्यो वारो अभव तत् इन्द्र áśvyaḥ vā́raḥ abhavaḥ tát indra (11 syllables)
- B. सृके यत्त्वा त्वा प्रत्यहन् देव एकः sr̥ké yát tvā pratyáhan deváḥ ékaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अजयः गा अजयः शूर सोमं ájayaḥ gā́ḥ ájayaḥ śūra sómam (11 syllables)
- D. अवा सृजः सर्तवे सप्त सिन्धून् áva asr̥jaḥ sártave saptá síndhūn (11 syllables)
अश्व्यो (áśvyaḥ)
like a horse's
वारो (vā́raḥ)
tail
अभव (abhavaḥ)
you became
तत् (tát)
that
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
सृके (sr̥ké)
in the blow/strike
यत्त्वा (yát)
when
त्वा (tvā)
you
प्रत्यहन् (pratyáhan)
struck against
देव (deváḥ)
god
एकः (ékaḥ)
alone/one
अजयः (ájayaḥ)
you won
गा (gā́ḥ)
cows
अजयः (ájayaḥ)
you won
शूर (śūra)
O hero
सोमं (sómam)
Soma
अवा (áva)
down
सृजः (asr̥jaḥ)
you released
सर्तवे (sártave)
to flow
सप्त (saptá)
seven
सिन्धून् (síndhūn)
rivers
Stanza 1.32.13
नास्मै॑ वि॒द्युन्न त॑न्य॒तुः सि॑षेध॒ न यां मिह॒मकि॑रद्ध्रा॒दुनिं॑ च | इन्द्र॑श्च॒ यद्यु॑यु॒धाते॒ अहि॑श्चो॒ताप॒रीभ्यो॑ म॒घवा॒ वि जि॑ग्ये ||
nā́smai vidyún ná tanyatúḥ siṣedha ná yā́m míham ákirad dhrādúniṁ ca índraś ca yád yuyudhā́te áhiś cotā́parī́bhyo maghávā ví jigye
Lightning, thunder, mist, or hailstorms didn't help him. When you, Indra, and the serpent fought, you, the mighty one, won the victory permanently.
This verse emphasizes the futility of Vritra's defenses against Indra. Lightning, thunder, hail, and mist were useless. When Indra and Vritra fought, Indra's power (represented by 'Maghavan') was ultimately victorious, securing his dominance forever.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. न अस्मै विद्युत् न तन्यतुः सिषेध ná asmai vidyút ná tanyatúḥ siṣedha (11 syllables)
- B. न यां मिह अकिरत् हरादुनिं चो ná yā́m míham ákirat hrādúnim ca (11 syllables)
- C. इन्द्र चो यद्यु युयुधाते अहि चो índraḥ ca yát yuyudhā́te áhiḥ ca (11 syllables)
- D. उत अपरीभ्यो मघवा वि जिग्ये utá aparī́bhyaḥ maghávā ví jigye (11 syllables)
न (ná)
nor
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
विद्युत् (vidyút)
lightning
न (ná)
nor
तन्यतुः (tanyatúḥ)
thunder
सिषेध (siṣedha)
availed/helped
न (ná)
nor
यां (yā́m)
which
मिह (míham)
mist
अकिरत् (ákirat)
he scattered
हरादुनिं (hrādúnim)
hailstorm
चो (ca)
and
इन्द्र (índraḥ)
Indra
चो (ca)
and
यद्यु (yát)
when
युयुधाते (yuyudhā́te)
fought
अहि (áhiḥ)
the serpent
चो (ca)
and
उत (utá)
and
अपरीभ्यो (aparī́bhyaḥ)
from others
मघवा (maghávā)
Indra (the bountiful)
वि (ví)
away/completely
जिग्ये (jigye)
won
Stanza 1.32.14
अहे॑र्या॒तारं॒ कम॑पश्य इन्द्र हृ॒दि यत्ते॑ ज॒घ्नुषो॒ भीरग॑च्छत् | नव॑ च॒ यन्न॑व॒तिं च॒ स्रव॑न्तीः श्ये॒नो न भी॒तो अत॑रो॒ रजां॑सि ||
áher yātā́raṁ kám apaśya indra hr̥dí yát te jaghnúṣo bhī́r ágachat náva ca yán navatíṁ ca srávantīḥ śyenó ná bhītó átaro rájāṁsi
Whom did you see as the serpent's avenger, Indra, that fear entered your heart after you killed him? And why did you fly across ninety-nine rivers and the sky like a frightened hawk?
This verse questions Indra's motive after defeating Vritra. It asks who Indra saw that made him fear so much that he had to cross ninety-nine rivers and vast spaces, like a hawk fleeing. This suggests that perhaps Indra's victory wasn't entirely without consequence or fear, or it emphasizes the sheer magnitude of his accomplishment.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहे यातारं कम अपश्य इन्द्र áheḥ yātā́ram kám apaśyaḥ indra (11 syllables)
- B. हृदि यन्न ते जघ्नुषो भीरग च्छत् hr̥dí yát te jaghnúṣaḥ bhī́ḥ ágachat (11 syllables)
- C. नव च यन्न नवतिं च स्रवन्तीः náva ca yát navatím ca srávantīḥ (11 syllables)
- D. श्येनो न भीतो अतरो रजांसि śyenáḥ ná bhītáḥ átaraḥ rájāṃsi (11 syllables)
अहे (áheḥ)
of the serpent
यातारं (yātā́ram)
avenger
कम (kám)
whom
अपश्य (apaśyaḥ)
did you see
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
हृदि (hr̥dí)
in the heart
यन्न (yát)
and
ते (te)
your
जघ्नुषो (jaghnúṣaḥ)
of the slayer
भीरग (bhī́ḥ)
fear
च्छत् (ágachat)
came
नव (náva)
nine
च (ca)
and
यन्न (yát)
and
नवतिं (navatím)
ninety
च (ca)
and
स्रवन्तीः (srávantīḥ)
flowing (rivers)
श्येनो (śyenáḥ)
hawk
न (ná)
like
भीतो (bhītáḥ)
frightened
अतरो (átaraḥ)
you crossed
रजांसि (rájāṃsi)
regions/spaces
Stanza 1.32.15
इन्द्रो॑ या॒तोऽव॑सितस्य॒ राजा॒ शम॑स्य च शृ॒ङ्गिणो॒ वज्र॑बाहुः | सेदु॒ राजा॑ क्षयति चर्षणी॒नाम॒रान्न ने॒मिः परि॒ ता ब॑भूव ||
índro yātó 'vasitasya rā́jā śámasya ca śr̥ṅgíṇo vájrabāhuḥ séd u rā́jā kṣayati carṣaṇīnā́m arā́n ná nemíḥ pári tā́ babhūva
Indra, the thunderbolt-wielder, is the king of all that moves and stays still, of tame and horned creatures. He truly rules the people, encompassing them like the spokes of a wheel fit into the hub.
This verse proclaims Indra's universal kingship. He rules over all beings, both moving and stationary, tame and wild. As the thunderbolt-wielder and the 'king of men', Indra's dominion is absolute, encompassing all like the spokes of a wheel are held by the hub.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इन्द्रो यातो अवसितस्य राजा índraḥ yātáḥ ávasitasya rā́jā (11 syllables)
- B. शमस्य च शृङ्गिणो वज्रबाहुः śámasya ca śr̥ṅgíṇaḥ vájrabāhuḥ (11 syllables)
- C. सेदु इद् उ राजा क्षयति चर्षणीनां sá ít u rā́jā kṣayati carṣaṇīnā́m (11 syllables)
- D. रान् न नेमिः परि ता बभूव arā́n ná nemíḥ pári tā́ babhūva (11 syllables)
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
यातो (yātáḥ)
moving
अवसितस्य (ávasitasya)
stationary
राजा (rā́jā)
king
शमस्य (śámasya)
of the tame
च (ca)
and
शृङ्गिणो (śr̥ṅgíṇaḥ)
horned (animals)
वज्रबाहुः (vájrabāhuḥ)
thunderbolt-armed
सेदु (sá)
he
इद् (ít)
indeed
उ (u)
and
राजा (rā́jā)
king
क्षयति (kṣayati)
rules
चर्षणीनां (carṣaṇīnā́m)
of men/people
रान् (arā́n)
spokes
न (ná)
like
नेमिः (nemíḥ)
the hub/felly
परि (pári)
around
ता (tā́)
them
बभूव (babhūva)
became/encompassed