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Stanza 1.20.1
अ॒यं दे॒वाय॒ जन्म॑ने॒ स्तोमो॒ विप्रे॑भिरास॒या | अका॑रि रत्न॒धात॑मः ||
ayáṁ devā́ya jánmane stómo víprebhir āsayā́ ákāri ratnadhā́tamaḥ
For this divine birth, we've composed this hymn, rich with gems, sung by eloquent speakers.
This verse is a beautiful invocation, where the poet presents a hymn, crafted with great care and skill, to the divine for the occasion of a new beginning or birth. The hymn is described as 'gem-bestowing,' suggesting it brings blessings and prosperity, and it's made by eloquent speakers, highlighting the power of well-chosen words.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अयं देवाय जन्मने ayám devā́ya jánmane (8 syllables)
- B. स्तोमो विप्रेभिरासया आसया stómaḥ víprebhiḥ āsayā́ (8 syllables)
- C. अकारि रत्नधातमोः ákāri ratnadhā́tamaḥ (8 syllables)
अयं (ayám)
this
देवाय (devā́ya)
for the divine
जन्मने (jánmane)
for the birth/creation
स्तोमो (stómaḥ)
hymn of praise
विप्रेभिरासया (víprebhiḥ)
by the eloquent/inspired ones
आसया (āsayā́)
from the mouth/speech
अकारि (ákāri)
was made/created
रत्नधातमोः (ratnadhā́tamaḥ)
most gem-bestowing/wealth-giving
Stanza 1.20.2
य इन्द्रा॑य वचो॒युजा॑ तत॒क्षुर्मन॑सा॒ हरी॑ | शमी॑भिर्य॒ज्ञमा॑शत ||
yá índrāya vacoyújā tatakṣúr mánasā hárī śámībhir yajñám āśata
Those who, with their minds and words, skillfully fashioned the horses and chariots for Indra, and through their actions reached the sacrifice.
This stanza celebrates the creators, likely the Ribhus, who skillfully crafted divine instruments and offerings. They 'carved' or fashioned horses (perhaps symbolizing speed or power) and chariots with their minds, using words and rituals, to reach and please Indra, the king of gods, thereby fulfilling the purpose of sacrifice.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. ये इन्द्राय वचोयुजा yé índrāya vacoyújā (8 syllables)
- B. ततक्षुर्मनसा मनसा हरी tatakṣúḥ mánasā hárī (8 syllables)
- C. शमीभिर्य यज्ञमा आशत śámībhiḥ yajñám āśata (8 syllables)
ये (yé)
who
इन्द्राय (índrāya)
for Indra
वचोयुजा (vacoyújā)
harnessed by word/speech
ततक्षुर्मनसा (tatakṣúḥ)
fashioned/carved
मनसा (mánasā)
with the mind
हरी (hárī)
horses
शमीभिर्य (śámībhiḥ)
by means of hymns/songs
यज्ञमा (yajñám)
sacrifice
आशत (āśata)
reached/attained
Stanza 1.20.3
तक्ष॒न्नास॑त्याभ्यां॒ परि॑ज्मानं सु॒खं रथ॑म् | तक्ष॑न्धे॒नुं स॑ब॒र्दुघा॑म् ||
tákṣan nā́satyābhyām párijmānaṁ sukháṁ rátham tákṣan dhenúṁ sabardúghām
Crafting a chariot that moved everywhere for the divine twins, they also fashioned a cow that gave abundant milk.
Continuing from the previous verse, this stanza highlights the masterful creations of the Ribhus. They fashioned a swift and versatile chariot for the divine twins, the Nasatyas (Ashvins), and also created a cow that produced abundant nourishment, showcasing their incredible skill in crafting divine objects and beings.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. तक्षन्धेनुं नासत्याभ्यां tákṣan nā́satyābhyām (8 syllables)
- B. परिश्मानं सुखं रथं párijmānam sukhám rátham (8 syllables)
- C. तक्षन्धेनुं धेनुं सबर्दुघां tákṣan dhenúm sabardúghām (8 syllables)
तक्षन्धेनुं (tákṣan)
crafting/fashioning
नासत्याभ्यां (nā́satyābhyām)
for the Nasatyas (divine twins)
परिश्मानं (párijmānam)
all-encompassing/moving everywhere
सुखं (sukhám)
comfortable/easy
रथं (rátham)
chariot
तक्षन्धेनुं (tákṣan)
crafting/fashioning
धेनुं (dhenúm)
cow
सबर्दुघां (sabardúghām)
giving abundant nourishment/milk
Stanza 1.20.4
युवा॑ना पि॒तरा॒ पुनः॑ स॒त्यम॑न्त्रा ऋजू॒यवः॑ | ऋ॒भवो॑ वि॒ष्ट्य॑क्रत ||
yúvānā pitárā púnaḥ satyámantrā r̥jūyávaḥ r̥bhávo viṣṭy àkrata
The skilled Ribhus, with true prayers and honest effort, made their parents young again.
This verse praises the Ribhus for their incredible feat of rejuvenation. Possessing true knowledge and unwavering dedication, they were able to restore youth to their parents, demonstrating a profound mastery over time and form, possibly symbolizing spiritual renewal or the revitalizing power of their craft.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. युवाना पितरा पुनः yúvānā pitárā púnar (8 syllables)
- B. सत्यमन्त्रा ऋजूयवः satyámantrāḥ r̥jūyávaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. ऋभवो विष्टिअक्रत अक्रत r̥bhávaḥ viṣṭī́ akrata (8 syllables)
युवाना (yúvānā)
making young
पितरा (pitárā)
parents
पुनः (púnar)
again
सत्यमन्त्रा (satyámantrāḥ)
whose prayers are true/effective
ऋजूयवः (r̥jūyávaḥ)
straightforward/honest in desire
ऋभवो (r̥bhávaḥ)
the Ribhus (a class of divine artisans)
विष्टिअक्रत (viṣṭī́)
with effort/work
अक्रत (akrata)
made/accomplished
Stanza 1.20.5
सं वो॒ मदा॑सो अग्म॒तेन्द्रे॑ण च म॒रुत्व॑ता | आ॒दि॒त्येभि॑श्च॒ राज॑भिः ||
sáṁ vo mádāso agmaténdreṇa ca marútvatā ādityébhiś ca rā́jabhiḥ
Your exhilarating energies came together with Indra, the Maruts, and the powerful Adityas and kings.
This verse describes a powerful gathering of divine forces. The exhilarating 'drops' (likely referring to Soma-juice or divine energies) arrive together, accompanied by the mighty Indra, the storm gods (Maruts), and the radiant solar deities (Adityas), all led by majestic kings, creating a scene of immense divine power and presence.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. सं वः मदास अग्मतेन्द्रेण sám vaḥ mádāsaḥ agmata (8 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रेण च मरुत्वता índreṇa ca marútvatā (8 syllables)
- C. आदित्येभिः च राजभिः ādityébhiḥ ca rā́jabhiḥ (8 syllables)
सं (sám)
together
वः (vaḥ)
your
मदास (mádāsaḥ)
intoxicating drops/joys (of Soma)
अग्मतेन्द्रेण (agmata)
came/arrived
इन्द्रेण (índreṇa)
with Indra
च (ca)
and
मरुत्वता (marútvatā)
accompanied by the Maruts
आदित्येभिः (ādityébhiḥ)
with the Adityas
च (ca)
and
राजभिः (rā́jabhiḥ)
with the kings
Stanza 1.20.6
उ॒त त्यं च॑म॒सं नवं॒ त्वष्टु॑र्दे॒वस्य॒ निष्कृ॑तम् | अक॑र्त च॒तुरः॒ पुनः॑ ||
utá tyáṁ camasáṁ návaṁ tváṣṭur devásya níṣkr̥tam ákarta catúraḥ púnaḥ
And that new vessel, skillfully made by the god Tvashtar, you have fashioned four times.
This verse acknowledges the creation of a new, remarkable drinking vessel, the 'camasa,' crafted by the divine artisan Tvashtar. The verse implies that the listeners or the Ribhus themselves have skillfully made four such vessels, suggesting a replication or enhancement of Tvashtar's original design.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. उत त्यं चमस नव utá tyám camasám návam (8 syllables)
- B. त्वष्टुर् देवस्य निष्कृतं tváṣṭuḥ devásya níṣkr̥tam (8 syllables)
- C. अकर्त चतुरः पुनः ákarta catúraḥ púnar (8 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
त्यं (tyám)
that
चमस (camasám)
drinking vessel (camasa)
नव (návam)
new
त्वष्टुर् (tváṣṭuḥ)
of Tvashtar (the divine craftsman)
देवस्य (devásya)
of the god
निष्कृतं (níṣkr̥tam)
skillfully made/fashioned
अकर्त (ákarta)
you made/fashioned
चतुरः (catúraḥ)
four
पुनः (púnar)
again
Stanza 1.20.7
ते नो॒ रत्ना॑नि धत्तन॒ त्रिरा साप्ता॑नि सुन्व॒ते | एक॑मेकं सुश॒स्तिभिः॑ ||
té no rátnāni dhattana trír ā́ sā́ptāni sunvaté ékam-ekaṁ suśastíbhiḥ
Bestow upon us these treasures, and upon the devoted performer of sacrifice, giving each individually, pleased by our praises.
This verse is a plea for blessings and rewards. The speaker asks the divine beings (likely the Ribhus, referred to as 'they') to bestow precious gifts upon them, particularly to the one who performs the sacrifice ('sunvate') 'thrice seven times' (a significant number, possibly indicating devotion or intensity). These gifts are to be given individually, prompted by the worshippers' well-recited praises.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. ते नो रत्नानि धत्तन té naḥ rátnāni dhattana (8 syllables)
- B. त्रिः आ साप्तानि सुन्वते trís ā́ sā́ptāni sunvaté (8 syllables)
- C. एकमेकं सुशस्तिभिः ékam-ekam suśastíbhiḥ (8 syllables)
ते (té)
they
नो (naḥ)
upon us
रत्नानि (rátnāni)
treasures/gems/wealth
धत्तन (dhattana)
bestow/grant
त्रिः (trís)
thrice
आ (ā́)
up to
साप्तानि (sā́ptāni)
seven times (making 21)
सुन्वते (sunvaté)
for the one who presses/prepares Soma (the sacrificer)
एकमेकं (ékam-ekam)
each one
सुशस्तिभिः (suśastíbhiḥ)
with good praises/eulogies
Stanza 1.20.8
अधा॑रयन्त॒ वह्न॒योऽभ॑जन्त सुकृ॒त्यया॑ | भा॒गं दे॒वेषु॑ य॒ज्ञिय॑म् ||
ádhārayanta váhnayó 'bhajanta sukr̥tyáyā bhāgáṁ devéṣu yajñíyam
The performing priests upheld their roles, and through skillful devotion, they secured a share in the sacrifice among the gods.
This verse describes the role of the priests or officiants ('vahnayaḥ') in the sacrificial ritual. They diligently performed their duties ('adhārayanta') and, through their skillful and pious actions ('sukr̥tyayā'), secured a share in the sacrifice for themselves and perhaps for the gods, highlighting the efficacy of devoted participation in sacred rites.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अधारयन्त वह्नायो ádhārayanta váhnayaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. अभजन्ता सुकृत्यया ábhajanta sukr̥tyáyā (8 syllables)
- C. भागं देवेषु यज्ञियं bhāgám devéṣu yajñíyam (8 syllables)
अधारयन्त (ádhārayanta)
they upheld/maintained/performed
वह्नायो (váhnayaḥ)
bearers (priests/officiants)
अभजन्ता (ábhajanta)
they shared/obtained a portion
सुकृत्यया (sukr̥tyáyā)
by good deeds/skillful action
भागं (bhāgám)
share/portion
देवेषु (devéṣu)
among the gods
यज्ञियं (yajñíyam)
belonging to the sacrifice/worthy of sacrifice