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Stanza 1.115.1
चि॒त्रं दे॒वाना॒मुद॑गा॒दनी॑कं॒ चक्षु॑र्मि॒त्रस्य॒ वरु॑णस्या॒ग्नेः | आप्रा॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॒न्तरि॑क्षं॒ सूर्य॑ आ॒त्मा जग॑तस्त॒स्थुष॑श्च ||
citráṁ devā́nām úd agād ánīkaṁ cákṣur mitrásya váruṇasyāgnéḥ ā́prā dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ antárikṣaṁ sū́rya ātmā́ jágatas tasthúṣaś ca
Look at that amazing appearance of the gods rising! It's like the eye of Mitra, Varuna, and Agni. The Sun has filled up the sky, earth, and the space in between. It's the very soul of all things, both moving and still.
This verse describes the glorious sunrise! It's like the "face" of the gods, specifically Mitra (friendship/contracts), Varuna (cosmic order/truth), and Agni (fire/messenger), appearing in the sky. The Sun, like a soul, fills the entire space – earth, sky, and atmosphere – encompassing everything that moves and everything that stays still.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. चि॒त्रं दे॒वाना॒ उद गा॒द अनीकं citrám devā́nām út agāt ánīkam (11 syllables)
- B. चक्षुः मित्त्रस्य वरु॑णस्य अग्नेः cákṣuḥ mitrásya váruṇasya agnéḥ (11 syllables)
- C. आप्रा प्राः द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अन्तरि॑क्षं ā́ aprāḥ dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ antárikṣam (11 syllables)
- D. सूर्यः आत्मा जग॑तस्त स्थुष॑ च sū́ryaḥ ātmā́ jágataḥ tasthúṣaḥ ca (11 syllables)
चि॒त्रं (citrám)
amazing, wonderful, diverse
दे॒वाना॒ (devā́nām)
of the gods
उद (út)
up, upward
गा॒द (agāt)
has come forth, has risen
अनीकं (ánīkam)
face, appearance, army
चक्षुः (cákṣuḥ)
eye
मित्त्रस्य (mitrásya)
of Mitra (god of contracts, friendship, cosmic order)
वरु॑णस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuna (god of cosmic order, truth, waters)
अग्नेः (agnéḥ)
of Agni (god of fire, messenger)
आप्रा (ā́)
fully, all around
प्राः (aprāḥ)
filled
द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
sky and earth
अन्तरि॑क्षं (antárikṣam)
the atmosphere, middle space
सूर्यः (sū́ryaḥ)
the Sun
आत्मा (ātmā́)
soul, self
जग॑तस्त (jágataḥ)
of the moving
स्थुष॑ (tasthúṣaḥ)
of the stationary
च (ca)
and
Stanza 1.115.2
सूर्यो॑ दे॒वीमु॒षसं॒ रोच॑मानां॒ मर्यो॒ न योषा॑म॒भ्ये॑ति प॒श्चात् | यत्रा॒ नरो॑ देव॒यन्तो॑ यु॒गानि॑ वितन्व॒ते प्रति॑ भ॒द्राय॑ भ॒द्रम् ||
sū́ryo devī́m uṣásaṁ rócamānām máryo ná yóṣām abhy èti paścā́t yátrā náro devayánto yugā́ni vitanvaté práti bhadrā́ya bhadrám
The Sun follows the Dawn, that shining goddess, just like a young man pursues a maiden. Wherever people devoted to the gods perform their rituals and make offerings, they are setting things up for good fortune.
This verse paints a beautiful picture of the Sun chasing the Dawn. Just as a young man eagerly follows a maiden, the Sun pursues the glowing Dawn. It highlights how dedicated people ("god-devoted men") prepare their offerings and rituals during this transition, aiming for auspiciousness and divine favor.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सूर्यो दे॒वीमु षसं रोच॑मानां sū́ryaḥ devī́m uṣásam rócamānām (11 syllables)
- B. मर्यो न योषा॑म अभ्ये॑ति एति प॒श्चात् máryaḥ ná yóṣām abhí eti paścā́t (11 syllables)
- C. यत्रा नरो देव॒यन्तो यु॒गानि॑ yátra + náraḥ devayántaḥ yugā́ni (11 syllables)
- D. वितन्व॒ते प्रति भद्राय भद्रम् vitanvaté práti bhadrā́ya bhadrám (11 syllables)
सूर्यो (sū́ryaḥ)
the Sun
दे॒वीमु (devī́m)
the goddess
षसं (uṣásam)
the Dawn
रोच॑मानां (rócamānām)
shining, radiant
मर्यो (máryaḥ)
a young man
न (ná)
like, as
योषा॑म (yóṣām)
a maiden, a young woman
अभ्ये॑ति (abhí)
towards, after
एति (eti)
goes, approaches
प॒श्चात् (paścā́t)
behind, after
यत्रा (yátra +)
where
नरो (náraḥ)
men
देव॒यन्तो (devayántaḥ)
devoted to the gods, worshipping
यु॒गानि॑ (yugā́ni)
periods, sacrifices, offerings
वितन्व॒ते (vitanvaté)
they extend, they perform
प्रति (práti)
towards, for
भद्राय (bhadrā́ya)
for the auspicious
भद्रम् (bhadrám)
auspiciousness, good fortune
Stanza 1.115.3
भ॒द्रा अश्वा॑ ह॒रितः॒ सूर्य॑स्य चि॒त्रा एत॑ग्वा अनु॒माद्या॑सः | न॒म॒स्यन्तो॑ दि॒व आ पृ॒ष्ठम॑स्थुः॒ परि॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी य॑न्ति स॒द्यः ||
bhadrā́ áśvā harítaḥ sū́ryasya citrā́ étagvā anumā́dyāsaḥ namasyánto divá ā́ pr̥ṣṭhám asthuḥ pári dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ yanti sadyáḥ
The Sun's horses are amazing - bay-colored, bright, and wonderful, deserving our praise! They climb up to the highest point of the sky and then, in an instant, they travel all around the sky and earth.
The Sun's chariot is described here, pulled by swift, bay-colored, and radiant horses. These magnificent steeds, worthy of praise and worship, are said to ascend to the highest point of the sky. Incredibly, they complete their journey around both the sky and the earth very quickly, within a single moment.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. भद्रा अश्वा ह॒रितः सूर्यस्य bhadrā́ḥ áśvāḥ harítaḥ sū́ryasya (11 syllables)
- B. चि॒त्रा एतग्वाः अनु॒माद्या॑सः citrā́ḥ étagvāḥ anumā́dyāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. नम॒स्यन्तो दि॒व आ पृ॒ष्ठम॑स्थुः अस्थुः namasyántaḥ diváḥ ā́ pr̥ṣṭhám asthuḥ (11 syllables)
- D. परि द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी यन्ति स॒द्यः pári dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ yanti sadyás (11 syllables)
भद्रा (bhadrā́ḥ)
auspicious, bright
अश्वा (áśvāḥ)
horses
ह॒रितः (harítaḥ)
bay-colored, tawny
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the Sun
चि॒त्रा (citrā́ḥ)
diverse, colorful, bright
एतग्वाः (étagvāḥ)
swift-moving, coursing
अनु॒माद्या॑सः (anumā́dyāsaḥ)
worthy of praise and celebration
नम॒स्यन्तो (namasyántaḥ)
worshipping, honoring
दि॒व (diváḥ)
of the sky, of heaven
आ (ā́)
up to
पृ॒ष्ठम॑स्थुः (pr̥ṣṭhám)
ridge, back, highest point
अस्थुः (asthuḥ)
they mounted, they ascended
परि (pári)
around
द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
sky and earth
यन्ति (yanti)
they go, they move
स॒द्यः (sadyás)
at once, immediately, in a moment
Stanza 1.115.4
तत्सूर्य॑स्य देव॒त्वं तन्म॑हि॒त्वं म॒ध्या कर्तो॒र्वित॑तं॒ सं ज॑भार | य॒देदयु॑क्त ह॒रितः॑ स॒धस्था॒दाद्रात्री॒ वास॑स्तनुते सि॒मस्मै॑ ||
tát sū́ryasya devatváṁ tán mahitvám madhyā́ kártor vítataṁ sáṁ jabhāra yadéd áyukta harítaḥ sadhásthād ā́d rā́trī vā́sas tanute simásmai
This is the Sun's divine power, its greatness – how it manages the day. When it withdraws its horses from their place, Night immediately spreads its garment over everything.
This verse explains the Sun's power and divine nature. It states that the Sun's ability to withdraw the light mid-action is part of its divinity and greatness. As soon as the Sun takes its horses off their starting point (signifying the end of daylight), Night immediately spreads its dark cloak over everything.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तन्म सूर्यस्य देव॒त्वं तन्म हि॒त्वं tát sū́ryasya devatvám tát mahitvám (11 syllables)
- B. म॒ध्या कर्तोः वितत सं जभार madhyā́ kártoḥ vítatam sám jabhāra (11 syllables)
- C. यदेदयु इ अयु॑क्त ह॒रितः स॒धस्था॒दा yadā́ ít áyukta harítaḥ sadhásthāt (11 syllables)
- D. आद्रा त्री वास तनुते सि॒मस्मै ā́t rā́trī vā́saḥ tanute simásmai (11 syllables)
तन्म (tát)
that
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the Sun
देव॒त्वं (devatvám)
divinity, godhood
तन्म (tát)
that
हि॒त्वं (mahitvám)
greatness, majesty
म॒ध्या (madhyā́)
in the middle of
कर्तोः (kártoḥ)
of doing, of action
वितत (vítatam)
spread out, extended
सं (sám)
together, completely
जभार (jabhāra)
he has withdrawn, he has taken
यदेदयु (yadā́)
when
इ (ít)
indeed, surely
अयु॑क्त (áyukta)
he unyoked, he released
ह॒रितः (harítaḥ)
the bay horses
स॒धस्था॒दा (sadhásthāt)
from their place, from their station
आद्रा (ā́t)
then, thereafter
त्री (rā́trī)
Night
वास (vā́saḥ)
garment, cloak
तनुते (tanute)
she spreads out
सि॒मस्मै (simásmai)
for him, for this
Stanza 1.115.5
तन्मि॒त्रस्य॒ वरु॑णस्याभि॒चक्षे॒ सूर्यो॑ रू॒पं कृ॑णुते॒ द्योरु॒पस्थे॑ | अ॒न॒न्तम॒न्यद्रुश॑दस्य॒ पाजः॑ कृ॒ष्णम॒न्यद्ध॒रितः॒ सं भ॑रन्ति ||
tán mitrásya váruṇasyābhicákṣe sū́ryo rūpáṁ kr̥ṇute dyór upásthe anantám anyád rúśad asya pā́jaḥ kr̥ṣṇám anyád dharítaḥ sám bharanti
The Sun takes on a form in the sky for Mitra and Varuna to see. One part of its brilliance is endless and shining, while the other part, the dark aspect, is gathered by its bay horses.
This verse speaks about the Sun's changing forms and its visibility to Mitra and Varuna. The Sun shapes itself in the sky's expanse so these gods can see it. Its brilliance is described as unending and radiant, while another aspect, perhaps representing darkness or night, is brought together by the bay horses.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. त मित्त्रस्य वरु॑णस्य अभि॒चक्षे tát mitrásya váruṇasya abhicákṣe (11 syllables)
- B. सूर्यः रू॒पं कृ॒णुते द्योः उपस्थे॑ sū́ryaḥ rūpám kr̥ṇute dyóḥ upásthe (11 syllables)
- C. अ॒न॒न्तम न्य अस्य प आजः anantám anyát rúśat asya pā́jaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. कृ॒ष्णम न्य ह॒रितः सं भ॑रन्ति kr̥ṣṇám anyát harítaḥ sám bharanti (11 syllables)
त (tát)
that
मित्त्रस्य (mitrásya)
of Mitra
वरु॑णस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuna
अभि॒चक्षे (abhicákṣe)
for seeing, for observation
सूर्यः (sū́ryaḥ)
the Sun
रू॒पं (rūpám)
form, shape
कृ॒णुते (kr̥ṇute)
makes for himself, assumes
द्योः (dyóḥ)
of the sky
उपस्थे॑ (upásthe)
in the lap, in the expanse
अ॒न॒न्तम (anantám)
unending, infinite
न्य (anyát)
another, other
अस्य (rúśat)
shining, bright
प (asya)
its
आजः (pā́jaḥ)
power, brilliance, radiance
कृ॒ष्णम (kr̥ṣṇám)
dark, black
न्य (anyát)
another, other
ह॒रितः (harítaḥ)
the bay horses
सं (sám)
together
भ॑रन्ति (bharanti)
they bring, they carry
Stanza 1.115.6
अ॒द्या दे॑वा॒ उदि॑ता॒ सूर्य॑स्य॒ निरंह॑सः पिपृ॒ता निर॑व॒द्यात् | तन्नो॑ मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो मामहन्ता॒मदि॑तिः॒ सिन्धुः॑ पृथि॒वी उ॒त द्यौः ||
adyā́ devā úditā sū́ryasya nír áṁhasaḥ pipr̥tā́ nír avadyā́t tán no mitró váruṇo māmahantām áditiḥ síndhuḥ pr̥thivī́ utá dyaúḥ
Today, O gods, as the Sun rises, please protect us from trouble and from any shame. May Mitra, Varuna, Aditi, the river, the Earth, and the Sky grant us this protection.
This is a prayer for protection and well-being. The singer asks the gods, specifically invoking them at sunrise, to protect them from troubles and disgrace. They wish for Mitra, Varuna, Aditi (the infinite mother goddess), the river Sindhu, Earth, and Sky to grant them this boon and ensure their well-being.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अ॒द्या दे॑वा उदि॑ता सूर्यस्य adyá + devāḥ úditā sū́ryasya (11 syllables)
- B. निर सः पिपृ॒ता निर व॒द्यात् nís áṃhasaḥ pipr̥tá + nís avadyā́t (11 syllables)
- C. तन्नो नो मित्त्रो वरु॑णस्य मा॒म॒हन्ता॒मदि॑तिः tát naḥ mitráḥ váruṇaḥ māmahantām (11 syllables)
- D. सिन्धुः पृथि॒वी उ॒त द्यौः द्यौः áditiḥ síndhuḥ pr̥thivī́ utá dyaúḥ (11 syllables)
अ॒द्या (adyá +)
today
दे॑वा (devāḥ)
O gods
उदि॑ता (úditā)
at the rising
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the Sun
निर (nís)
from, out of
सः (áṃhasaḥ)
trouble, distress, sin
पिपृ॒ता (pipr̥tá +)
protect, fill, deliver
निर (nís)
from, out of
व॒द्यात् (avadyā́t)
disgrace, fault, dishonor
तन्नो (tát)
that
नो (naḥ)
to us
मित्त्रो (mitráḥ)
Mitra
वरु॑णस्य (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna
मा॒म॒हन्ता॒मदि॑तिः (māmahantām)
may they magnify, may they grant
सिन्धुः (áditiḥ)
Aditi (goddess of infinity, mother of gods)
पृथि॒वी (síndhuḥ)
the river (often the Indus)
उ॒त (pr̥thivī́)
the Earth
द्यौः (utá)
and
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
the Sky