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Stanza 1.113.1
इ॒दं श्रेष्ठं॒ ज्योति॑षां॒ ज्योति॒रागा॑च्चि॒त्रः प्र॑के॒तो अ॑जनिष्ट॒ विभ्वा॑ | यथा॒ प्रसू॑ता सवि॒तुः स॒वायँ॑ ए॒वा रात्र्यु॒षसे॒ योनि॑मारैक् ||
idáṁ śréṣṭhaṁ jyótiṣāṁ jyótir ā́gāc citráḥ praketó ajaniṣṭa víbhvā yáthā prásūtā savitúḥ savā́yam̐ evā́ rā́try uṣáse yónim āraik
Here comes the best of lights, the brightest light! A wonderful, all-pervading brilliance has been born. Just as everything is set in motion by Savitr for his own purpose, so Night has cleared the way, making room for the Dawn.
This verse celebrates the arrival of a brilliant new light, surpassing all others. It marks the departure of night and the birth of the dawn, which is likened to a new beginning facilitated by the sun god Savitr. This transition is a powerful natural event, bringing forth brightness and renewal.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इदं श्रेष्ठं ज्योतिषां ज्योतिः आ अगात् idám śréṣṭham jyótiṣām jyótiḥ ā́ agāt (11 syllables)
- B. चित्रः प्रकेतः अजनिष्ट विभ्वा citráḥ praketáḥ ajaniṣṭa víbhvā (11 syllables)
- C. यथा प्रसूता सवित्तः सवायँ yáthā prásūtā savitúḥ savā́ya (11 syllables)
- D. ए॒वा रात्र्यु षसे योनिं आरैक् evá + rā́trī uṣáse yónim āraik (11 syllables)
इदं (idám)
this
श्रेष्ठं (śréṣṭham)
best, most excellent
ज्योतिषां (jyótiṣām)
of lights
ज्योतिः (jyótiḥ)
light
आ (ā́)
up to, hither
अगात् (agāt)
has come
चित्रः (citráḥ)
colorful, wonderful
प्रकेतः (praketáḥ)
sign, mark, visible sign
अजनिष्ट (ajaniṣṭa)
was born
विभ्वा (víbhvā)
all-pervading, extensive
यथा (yáthā)
as, like
प्रसूता (prásūtā)
set in motion, impelled
सवित्तः (savitúḥ)
of the Sun-god Savitr
सवायँ (savā́ya)
for creation, for impulse
ए॒वा (evá +)
so
रात्र्यु (rā́trī)
Night
षसे (uṣáse)
for the Dawn
योनिं (yónim)
womb, place, origin
आरैक् (āraik)
made void, cleared
Stanza 1.113.2
रुश॑द्वत्सा॒ रुश॑ती श्वे॒त्यागा॒दारै॑गु कृ॒ष्णा सद॑नान्यस्याः | स॒मा॒नब॑न्धू अ॒मृते॑ अनू॒ची द्यावा॒ वर्णं॑ चरत आमिना॒ने ||
rúśadvatsā rúśatī śvetyā́gād ā́raig u kr̥ṣṇā́ sádanāny asyāḥ samānábandhū amŕ̥te anūcī́ dyā́vā várṇaṁ carata āmināné
The radiant, white-clad Dawn has arrived, like a mother with her bright offspring. The dark Night has given up her dwelling to her. These two sisters, immortal and inseparable, constantly changing their colors, move together through the sky.
The dawn, radiant and white, arrives, taking over from the dark night. They are described as sisters, immortal and following each other, constantly changing their appearance. This verse paints a vivid picture of the cyclical dance between night and day.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. रुशद्वत्सा रुशती श्वेत्यागा आ अगात् rúśadvatsā rúśatī śvetyā́ ā́ agāt (11 syllables)
- B. आरैगु उ कृष्णा सदनांन्यस्याः स्याः ā́raik u kr̥ṣṇā́ sádanāni asyāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. समानबन्धू अमृते अनूची samānábandhū amŕ̥te anūcī́ (11 syllables)
- D. द्यावा वर्णं चरत आमिनांने dyā́vā várṇam carataḥ āmināné (11 syllables)
रुशद्वत्सा (rúśadvatsā)
having a radiant calf (symbolizing dawn's new beginnings)
रुशती (rúśatī)
shining, radiant
श्वेत्यागा (śvetyā́)
white
आ (ā́)
hither
अगात् (agāt)
has come
आरैगु (ā́raik)
made void, left
उ (u)
and
कृष्णा (kr̥ṣṇā́)
black, dark (referring to Night)
सदनांन्यस्याः (sádanāni)
dwellings, places
स्याः (asyāḥ)
her
समानबन्धू (samānábandhū)
closely related, sisters
अमृते (amŕ̥te)
immortal ones
अनूची (anūcī́)
following one another
द्यावा (dyā́vā)
sky, heavens (dual, referring to Night and Dawn)
वर्णं (várṇam)
color
चरत (carataḥ)
they move
आमिनांने (āmināné)
changing, transforming
Stanza 1.113.3
स॒मा॒नो अध्वा॒ स्वस्रो॑रन॒न्तस्तम॒न्यान्या॑ चरतो दे॒वशि॑ष्टे | न मे॑थेते॒ न त॑स्थतुः सु॒मेके॒ नक्तो॒षासा॒ सम॑नसा॒ विरू॑पे ||
samānó ádhvā svásror anantás tám anyā́nyā carato deváśiṣṭe ná methete ná tasthatuḥ suméke náktoṣā́sā sámanasā vírūpe
The path of these two sisters is the same, unending. Taught by the gods, they travel one after the other. Though they have different forms, they share a single mind, never opposing each other, and never pausing.
The path of the two sisters, Night and Dawn, is the same and endless. Guided by the gods, they take turns traversing it. Though different in appearance, they are united in purpose, never clashing, and moving gracefully.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. समानो अध्वा स्वस्रोरन न्तस्तम samānáḥ ádhvā svásroḥ anantáḥ (11 syllables)
- B. तम अन्यांन्या चरतो देवशि tám anyā́nyā carataḥ deváśiṣṭe (11 syllables)
- C. न मेथेते न तस्थतुः सुमेके ná methete ná tasthatuḥ suméke (11 syllables)
- D. नक्तोषासा समनसा विरू náktoṣā́sā sámanasā vírūpe (11 syllables)
समानो (samānáḥ)
same
अध्वा (ádhvā)
path, way
स्वस्रोरन (svásroḥ)
of the two sisters
न्तस्तम (anantáḥ)
unending
तम (tám)
that
अन्यांन्या (anyā́nyā)
one after the other
चरतो (carataḥ)
they move
देवशि (deváśiṣṭe)
appointed by the gods
न (ná)
not
मेथेते (methete)
they oppose
न (ná)
not
तस्थतुः (tasthatuḥ)
they stand still
सुमेके (suméke)
well-formed, beautiful
नक्तोषासा (náktoṣā́sā)
Night and Dawn
समनसा (sámanasā)
of one mind, united
विरू (vírūpe)
of different forms
Stanza 1.113.4
भास्व॑ती ने॒त्री सू॒नृता॑ना॒मचे॑ति चि॒त्रा वि दुरो॑ न आवः | प्रार्प्या॒ जग॒द्व्यु॑ नो रा॒यो अ॑ख्यदु॒षा अ॑जीग॒र्भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ||
bhā́svatī netrī́ sūnŕ̥tānām áceti citrā́ ví dúro na āvaḥ prā́rpyā jágad vy ù no rāyó akhyad uṣā́ ajīgar bhúvanāni víśvā
Shining brightly, the leader of joyful sounds, she appears before us. As if opening portals, the radiant Dawn reveals the world's treasures to us, awakening all living beings.
Dawn appears as a brilliant leader, opening the doors of the sky with her radiant light. She reveals riches and awakens all living beings, symbolizing the dawn's power to bring forth abundance and life.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. भास्वती नेत्री सूनृता bhā́svatī netrī́ sūnŕ̥tānām (11 syllables)
- B. अचेति चित्रा वि दुरो नः आ áceti citrā́ ví dúraḥ naḥ āvar (11 syllables)
- C. प्रार्प्या जग वि उ नः राय अख्यदु prā́rpya + jágat ví u naḥ rāyáḥ akhyat (11 syllables)
- D. ष अजीग भुवनानि विश्वा uṣā́ḥ ajīgar bhúvanāni víśvā (11 syllables)
भास्वती (bhā́svatī)
shining brightly
नेत्री (netrī́)
leader
सूनृता (sūnŕ̥tānām)
of joyful sounds, of blessings
अचेति (áceti)
is perceived, is seen
चित्रा (citrā́)
varied, brilliant
वि (ví)
all around
दुरो (dúraḥ)
doors, gates
नः (naḥ)
to us
आ (āvar)
opened
प्रार्प्या (prā́rpya +)
stirring
जग (jágat)
the world
वि (ví)
all around
उ (u)
and
नः (naḥ)
to us
राय (rāyáḥ)
riches
अख्यदु (akhyat)
showed, revealed
ष (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
अजीग (ajīgar)
awakened, roused
भुवनानि (bhúvanāni)
worlds, beings
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
Stanza 1.113.5
जि॒ह्म॒श्ये॒३॒॑ चरि॑तवे म॒घोन्या॑भो॒गय॑ इ॒ष्टये॑ रा॒य उ॑ त्वम् | द॒भ्रं पश्य॑द्भ्य उर्वि॒या वि॒चक्ष॑ उ॒षा अ॑जीग॒र्भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ||
jihmaśyè cáritave maghóny ābhogáya iṣṭáye rāyá u tvam dabhrám páśyadbhya urviyā́ vicákṣa uṣā́ ajīgar bhúvanāni víśvā
You, O Dawn, awaken those lying down for various purposes: one for enjoyment, another for wealth. You awaken those who see little to gain broader vision. You have awakened all beings.
Dawn awakens people from their slumber, urging them towards different goals: some seek enjoyment, some wealth, and others desire to see further. This highlights Dawn's role in prompting activity and ambition.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. जिह्मश्ये चरितवे मघोनी jihmaśyè cáritave maghónī (11 syllables)
- B. आभोगय इष्टये राय उ त्वम् ābhogáye iṣṭáye rāyé u tvam (11 syllables)
- C. दभ्रं पश्यद्भ्य उर्विया विचक्ष dabhrám páśyadbhyaḥ urviyā́ vicákṣe (11 syllables)
- D. ष अजीग भुवनानि विश्वा uṣā́ḥ ajīgar bhúvanāni víśvā (11 syllables)
जिह्मश्ये (jihmaśyè)
lying down, prone
चरितवे (cáritave)
for moving, for acting
मघोनी (maghónī)
rich, bounteous (O Dawn)
आभोगय (ābhogáye)
for enjoyment
इष्टये (iṣṭáye)
for worship, for desire
राय (rāyé)
for wealth
उ (u)
or
त्वम् (tvam)
you
दभ्रं (dabhrám)
little, small
पश्यद्भ्य (páśyadbhyaḥ)
to those who see
उर्विया (urviyā́)
widely, extensively
विचक्ष (vicákṣe)
for seeing, for vision
ष (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
अजीग (ajīgar)
awakened, roused
भुवनानि (bhúvanāni)
worlds, beings
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
Stanza 1.113.6
क्ष॒त्राय॑ त्वं॒ श्रव॑से त्वं मही॒या इ॒ष्टये॑ त्व॒मर्थ॑मिव त्वमि॒त्यै | विस॑दृशा जीवि॒ताभि॑प्र॒चक्ष॑ उ॒षा अ॑जीग॒र्भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ||
kṣatrā́ya tvaṁ śrávase tvam mahīyā́ iṣṭáye tvam ártham iva tvam ityaí vísadr̥śā jīvitā́bhipracákṣa uṣā́ ajīgar bhúvanāni víśvā
You are for dominion, you are for glory, you are for greatness, and you are for achieving various goals. You have set all beings in motion, each according to their different paths.
Dawn motivates people towards their specific callings: dominion, glory, greatness, or varied pursuits. She energizes everyone to engage in their life's work, highlighting her role in initiating human activity and purpose.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. क्षत्राय त्वमि श्रव त्वमि महीया kṣatrā́ya tvam śrávase tvam mahīyaí (11 syllables)
- B. इष्टये त्वमि अर्थ इव त्वमि त्य iṣṭáye tvam ártham iva tvam ityaí (11 syllables)
- C. विसदृशा जीविता अभिप्रेचक्ष vísadr̥śā jīvitā́ abhipracákṣe (11 syllables)
- D. ष अजीग भुवनानि विश्वा uṣā́ḥ ajīgar bhúvanāni víśvā (11 syllables)
क्षत्राय (kṣatrā́ya)
for dominion, for power
त्वमि (tvam)
you
श्रव (śrávase)
for glory, for fame
त्वमि (tvam)
you
महीया (mahīyaí)
for greatness, for abundance
इष्टये (iṣṭáye)
for pursuit, for attainment
त्वमि (tvam)
you
अर्थ (ártham)
for a purpose, for a goal
इव (iva)
like, as
त्वमि (tvam)
you
त्य (ityaí)
for going, for moving
विसदृशा (vísadr̥śā)
of different kinds, varied
जीविता (jīvitā́)
lives, beings
अभिप्रेचक्ष (abhipracákṣe)
for moving forward, for progressing
ष (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
अजीग (ajīgar)
awakened, roused
भुवनानि (bhúvanāni)
worlds, beings
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
Stanza 1.113.7
ए॒षा दि॒वो दु॑हि॒ता प्रत्य॑दर्शि व्यु॒च्छन्ती॑ युव॒तिः शु॒क्रवा॑साः | विश्व॒स्येशा॑ना॒ पार्थि॑वस्य॒ वस्व॒ उषो॑ अ॒द्येह सु॑भगे॒ व्यु॑च्छ ||
eṣā́ divó duhitā́ práty adarśi vyuchántī yuvatíḥ śukrávāsāḥ víśvasyéśānā pā́rthivasya vásva úṣo adyéhá subhage vy ùcha
Here she is, the daughter of the sky, appearing as a radiant, young maiden in bright clothes. You are the ruler of all earthly wealth, O auspicious Dawn! Shine upon us here today!
Dawn, the daughter of the sky, appears in shining, youthful form. She is the sovereign lady of all earthly treasures, and the hymn calls for her to shine upon them with blessings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. एषा दिवो दुहिता प्रत्य अदर्शि eṣā́ diváḥ duhitā́ práti adarśi (11 syllables)
- B. व्युच्छन्ती युवतिः शुक्रवासाः vyuchántī yuvatíḥ śukrávāsāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. विश्वस्य ईशाना पार्थिवस्य वस्व víśvasya ī́śānā pā́rthivasya vásvaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. उषो अद्य इह सुभगे वि उच्छ úṣaḥ adyá ihá subhage ví ucha (11 syllables)
एषा (eṣā́)
this
दिवो (diváḥ)
of the sky
दुहिता (duhitā́)
daughter
प्रत्य (práti)
towards
अदर्शि (adarśi)
was seen, appeared
व्युच्छन्ती (vyuchántī)
shining, appearing
युवतिः (yuvatíḥ)
young maiden
शुक्रवासाः (śukrávāsāḥ)
wearing bright clothes
विश्वस्य (víśvasya)
of all
ईशाना (ī́śānā)
ruling, sovereign
पार्थिवस्य (pā́rthivasya)
of the earthly
वस्व (vásvaḥ)
treasure, wealth
उषो (úṣaḥ)
O Dawn
अद्य (adyá)
today
इह (ihá)
here
सुभगे (subhage)
O auspicious one, O beautiful one
वि (ví)
forth
उच्छ (ucha)
shine
Stanza 1.113.8
प॒रा॒य॒ती॒नामन्वे॑ति॒ पाथ॑ आयती॒नां प्र॑थ॒मा शश्व॑तीनाम् | व्यु॒च्छन्ती॑ जी॒वमु॑दी॒रय॑न्त्यु॒षा मृ॒तं कं च॒न बो॒धय॑न्ती ||
parāyatīnā́m ánv eti pā́tha āyatīnā́m prathamā́ śáśvatīnām vyuchántī jīvám udīráyanty uṣā́ mr̥táṁ káṁ caná bodháyantī
She follows the path of those who have gone before and is the first of the endless dawns to come. As she rises, she awakens the living, but she never awakens the dead from their sleep.
Dawn follows the path of previous dawns and leads the way for future ones. She awakens the living but does not disturb the dead, symbolizing the dawn's connection to life and consciousness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. परायती अनु एति पाथ parāyatīnā́m ánu eti pā́thaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. आयती प्रथमा शश्वती āyatīnā́m prathamā́ śáśvatīnām (11 syllables)
- C. व्युच्छन्ती जीवमु दीरयन्त्यु vyuchántī jīvám udīráyanti (11 syllables)
- D. ष मृ कं चन बोधयन्ती uṣā́ḥ mr̥tám kám caná bodháyantī (11 syllables)
परायती (parāyatīnā́m)
of those going away, departed
अनु (ánu)
after, along
एति (eti)
goes
पाथ (pā́thaḥ)
path
आयती (āyatīnā́m)
of those coming
प्रथमा (prathamā́)
first
शश्वती (śáśvatīnām)
of the continuous, endless
व्युच्छन्ती (vyuchántī)
shining, appearing
जीवमु (jīvám)
the living
दीरयन्त्यु (udīráyanti)
causes to rise, awakens
ष (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
मृ (mr̥tám)
the dead
कं (kám)
anyone
चन (caná)
even
बोधयन्ती (bodháyantī)
causing to awaken
Stanza 1.113.9
उषो॒ यद॒ग्निं स॒मिधे॑ च॒कर्थ॒ वि यदाव॒श्चक्ष॑सा॒ सूर्य॑स्य | यन्मानु॑षान्य॒क्ष्यमा॑णाँ॒ अजी॑ग॒स्तद्दे॒वेषु॑ चकृषे भ॒द्रमप्नः॑ ||
úṣo yád agníṁ samídhe cakártha ví yád ā́vaś cákṣasā sū́ryasya yán mā́nuṣān yakṣyámāṇām̐ ájīgas tád devéṣu cakr̥ṣe bhadrám ápnaḥ
O Dawn, since you helped kindle the fire (Agni) and revealed yourself with the sun's light, and awakened humans for worship, you have performed a great service for the gods.
The hymn praises Dawn for her role in enabling worship. By bringing the light and the sun's eye, she helps humans ignite the sacred fire (Agni) and awaken to perform sacrifices, thus serving the gods.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. षो य अग्निं समिधे चकार्थ úṣaḥ yát agním samídhe cakártha (11 syllables)
- B. वि य आव चक्षसा सूर्यस्य ví yát ā́vaḥ cákṣasā sū́ryasya (11 syllables)
- C. य मानुष यक्ष्यमा अजीग yát mā́nuṣān yakṣyámāṇān ájīgar (11 syllables)
- D. त देवेषु चकृषे भद्रम अन्नः tát devéṣu cakr̥ṣe bhadrám ápnaḥ (11 syllables)
षो (úṣaḥ)
O Dawn
य (yát)
since
अग्निं (agním)
Agni, the fire god
समिधे (samídhe)
for kindling
चकार्थ (cakártha)
you made, you caused
वि (ví)
apart, widely
य (yát)
since
आव (ā́vaḥ)
you shone, you revealed
चक्षसा (cákṣasā)
with the eye, with the light
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the Sun
य (yát)
since
मानुष (mā́nuṣān)
humans
यक्ष्यमा (yakṣyámāṇān)
who will offer sacrifice
अजीग (ájīgar)
you awakened
त (tát)
that
देवेषु (devéṣu)
among the gods
चकृषे (cakr̥ṣe)
you performed
भद्रम (bhadrám)
auspicious, good
अन्नः (ápnaḥ)
action, deed
Stanza 1.113.10
किया॒त्या यत्स॒मया॒ भवा॑ति॒ या व्यू॒षुर्याश्च॑ नू॒नं व्यु॒च्छान् | अनु॒ पूर्वाः॑ कृपते वावशा॒ना प्र॒दीध्या॑ना॒ जोष॑म॒न्याभि॑रेति ||
kíyāty ā́ yát samáyā bhávāti yā́ vyūṣúr yā́ś ca nūnáṁ vyuchā́n ánu pū́rvāḥ kr̥pate vāvaśānā́ pradī́dhyānā jóṣam anyā́bhir eti
How far away is the moment when you, Dawn, will meet the ones that have shone and the ones that are yet to shine? You follow the former dawns with longing and joyfully accompany the others.
This verse reflects on the cyclical nature of dawns. It questions how long it will be before the present dawn meets the past and future dawns, highlighting Dawn's eternal presence and her longing for continuity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. किया आ य समया भवाति kíyāti ā́ yát samáyā bhávāti (11 syllables)
- B. या व्यु या च नू व्युच्छान् yā́ḥ vyūṣúḥ yā́ḥ ca nūnám vyuchā́n (11 syllables)
- C. अनु पूर्वाः कृपते वावशाना ánu pū́rvāḥ kr̥pate vāvaśānā́ (11 syllables)
- D. प्रदीध्याना जोष् अन्याभि एति pradī́dhyānā jóṣam anyā́bhiḥ eti (11 syllables)
किया (kíyāti)
how much, how far
आ (ā́)
up to
य (yát)
when
समया (samáyā)
together, midway
भवाति (bhávāti)
it happens, it becomes
या (yā́ḥ)
which (dawns)
व्यु (vyūṣúḥ)
have shone
या (yā́ḥ)
which (dawns)
च (ca)
and
नू (nūnám)
now, indeed
व्युच्छान् (vyuchā́n)
shining forth
अनु (ánu)
following
पूर्वाः (pū́rvāḥ)
former
कृपते (kr̥pate)
desires, longs for
वावशाना (vāvaśānā́)
desiring, longing
प्रदीध्याना (pradī́dhyānā)
shining brightly, illuminating
जोष् (jóṣam)
with joy, gladly
अन्याभि (anyā́bhiḥ)
with the others
एति (eti)
goes
Stanza 1.113.11
ई॒युष्टे ये पूर्व॑तरा॒मप॑श्यन्व्यु॒च्छन्ती॑मु॒षसं॒ मर्त्या॑सः | अ॒स्माभि॑रू॒ नु प्र॑ति॒चक्ष्या॑भू॒दो ते य॑न्ति॒ ये अ॑प॒रीषु॒ पश्या॑न् ||
īyúṣ ṭé yé pū́rvatarām ápaśyan vyuchántīm uṣásam mártyāsaḥ asmā́bhir ū nú praticákṣyābhūd ó té yanti yé aparī́ṣu páśyān
Those mortals who saw the dawn in earlier times are gone. We, who are alive now, see her shining. Those who will be born in the future will also see her.
The hymn contrasts those who lived before and saw the dawn with the present generation and future ones. It celebrates the continuity of experiencing Dawn's light, emphasizing her enduring presence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ईयुष्टे ते ये पूर्वतरा अपश्यन् īyúḥ té yé pū́rvatarām ápaśyan (11 syllables)
- B. व्युच्छन्ती षसं मर्त्यासः vyuchántīm uṣásam mártyāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अस्माभि उ नु प्रतीचक्षा भूदो asmā́bhiḥ u + nú praticákṣyā abhūt (11 syllables)
- D. आ उ ते यन्ति ये अपरीषु पश्या ā́ u té yanti yé aparī́ṣu páśyān (11 syllables)
ईयुष्टे (īyúḥ)
have gone
ते (té)
they
ये (yé)
who
पूर्वतरा (pū́rvatarām)
earlier, more ancient
अपश्यन् (ápaśyan)
saw
व्युच्छन्ती (vyuchántīm)
shining, appearing
षसं (uṣásam)
Dawn
मर्त्यासः (mártyāsaḥ)
mortals
अस्माभि (asmā́bhiḥ)
by us
उ (u +)
indeed
नु (nú)
now
प्रतीचक्षा (praticákṣyā)
to be seen, visible
भूदो (abhūt)
has become
आ (ā́)
up to
उ (u)
and
ते (té)
they
यन्ति (yanti)
go, come
ये (yé)
who
अपरीषु (aparī́ṣu)
in the later ones
पश्या (páśyān)
will see
Stanza 1.113.12
या॒व॒यद्द्वे॑षा ऋत॒पा ऋ॑ते॒जाः सु॑म्ना॒वरी॑ सू॒नृता॑ ई॒रय॑न्ती | सु॒म॒ङ्ग॒लीर्बिभ्र॑ती दे॒ववी॑तिमि॒हाद्योषः॒ श्रेष्ठ॑तमा॒ व्यु॑च्छ ||
yāvayáddveṣā r̥tapā́ r̥tejā́ḥ sumnāvárī sūnŕ̥tā īráyantī sumaṅgalī́r bíbhratī devávītim ihā́dyóṣaḥ śréṣṭhatamā vy ùcha
You dispel enemies, uphold order, and are born of truth. You bring joy and pleasant sounds, and are filled with blessings. Shining brightly and auspiciously, bringing divine offerings, shine upon us today, O Dawn, with the best of life!
This verse praises Dawn with numerous epithets, highlighting her power to dispel foes, uphold cosmic order, and bring joy and prosperity. She is invoked to shine brightly, bringing life and good fortune.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यावयदि ऋतपा ऋतेजाः yāvayáddveṣāḥ r̥tapā́ḥ r̥tejā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. सुम्नावरी सूनृता ईरयन्ती sumnāvárī sūnŕ̥tāḥ īráyantī (11 syllables)
- C. सुमङ्ग बिभ्र देववीति sumaṅgalī́ḥ bíbhratī devávītim (11 syllables)
- D. इह अद्य षः श्रेष्ठतमा वि उच्छ ihá adyá uṣaḥ śréṣṭhatamā ví ucha (11 syllables)
यावयदि (yāvayáddveṣāḥ)
driving away foes
ऋतपा (r̥tapā́ḥ)
protector of order
ऋतेजाः (r̥tejā́ḥ)
born of order, truthful
सुम्नावरी (sumnāvárī)
bestower of joy
सूनृता (sūnŕ̥tāḥ)
pleasant sounds, blessings
ईरयन्ती (īráyantī)
sending forth, causing
सुमङ्ग (sumaṅgalī́ḥ)
very auspicious
बिभ्र (bíbhratī)
bearing, bringing
देववीति (devávītim)
divine worship, offerings
इह (ihá)
here
अद्य (adyá)
today
षः (uṣaḥ)
O Dawn
श्रेष्ठतमा (śréṣṭhatamā)
most excellent
वि (ví)
forth
उच्छ (ucha)
shine
Stanza 1.113.13
शश्व॑त्पु॒रोषा व्यु॑वास दे॒व्यथो॑ अ॒द्येदं व्या॑वो म॒घोनी॑ | अथो॒ व्यु॑च्छा॒दुत्त॑राँ॒ अनु॒ द्यून॒जरा॒मृता॑ चरति स्व॒धाभिः॑ ||
śáśvat puróṣā́ vy ùvāsa devy átho adyédáṁ vy āā̀vo maghónī átho vy ùchād úttarām̐ ánu dyū́n ajárāmŕ̥tā carati svadhā́bhiḥ
The divine Dawn has shone brightly in the past. Today, she shines forth with abundance. May she continue to shine in the future! She moves forward with her own undecaying, immortal powers.
This verse affirms Dawn's eternal nature. She has shone in the past, shines now with riches, and will continue to shine in the future, moving forward with her own undecaying strength, symbolizing immortality and constant renewal.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शश्व पुरोषा ष वि उवा देवी śáśvat purā́ uṣā́ḥ ví uvāsa devī́ (11 syllables)
- B. अथो उ अद्य इदं वि आ मघोनी átha u adyá idám ví āvar maghónī (11 syllables)
- C. अथो उ वि उच्छा उत्तरा अनु द्यू átha u ví uchāt úttarān ánu dyū́n (11 syllables)
- D. अजराम अमृता चरति स्वधाभिः ajárā amŕ̥tā carati svadhā́bhiḥ (11 syllables)
शश्व (śáśvat)
always, formerly
पुरोषा (purā́)
long ago, formerly
ष (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
वि (ví)
forth
उवा (uvāsa)
dwelt, shone
देवी (devī́)
goddess
अथो (átha)
and
उ (u)
and
अद्य (adyá)
today
इदं (idám)
this
वि (ví)
forth
आ (āvar)
opened, revealed
मघोनी (maghónī)
rich, bounteous
अथो (átha)
and
उ (u)
and
वि (ví)
forth
उच्छा (uchāt)
may shine
उत्तरा (úttarān)
later, subsequent
अनु (ánu)
following
द्यू (dyū́n)
days
अजराम (ajárā)
ageless, undecaying
अमृता (amŕ̥tā)
immortal
चरति (carati)
moves
स्वधाभिः (svadhā́bhiḥ)
with her own powers/strength
Stanza 1.113.14
व्य१॒॑ञ्जिभि॑र्दि॒व आता॑स्वद्यौ॒दप॑ कृ॒ष्णां नि॒र्णिजं॑ दे॒व्या॑वः | प्र॒बो॒धय॑न्त्यरु॒णेभि॒रश्वै॒रोषा या॑ति सु॒युजा॒ रथे॑न ||
vy àñjíbhir divá ā́tāsv adyaud ápa kr̥ṣṇā́ṁ nirṇíjaṁ devy āā̀vaḥ prabodháyanty aruṇébhir áśvair óṣā́ yāti suyújā ráthena
She shone with brilliance in the sky's framework. The goddess cast off the robe of darkness. Awakening the world with her reddish horses, Dawn arrives in her well-yoked chariot.
Dawn appears in the sky, shedding her dark cloak and revealing her radiant form. With her bright horses, she awakens the world and arrives in her chariot, symbolizing the powerful and beautiful emergence of a new day.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वि अञ्जिभि दिव आतासु अद्यौ ví añjíbhiḥ diváḥ ā́tāsu adyaut (11 syllables)
- B. अप कृष्णां निर्णिजं देवी आ ápa kr̥ṣṇā́m nirṇíjam devī́ āvar (11 syllables)
- C. प्रबो अरुणेभि अश्वै prabodháyantī aruṇébhiḥ áśvaiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आ ष याति सुयुजा रथेन ā́ uṣā́ḥ yāti suyújā ráthena (11 syllables)
वि (ví)
apart, brightly
अञ्जिभि (añjíbhiḥ)
with shining brightness
दिव (diváḥ)
of the sky
आतासु (ā́tāsu)
in the borders, in the expanse
अद्यौ (adyaut)
shone
अप (ápa)
away
कृष्णां (kr̥ṣṇā́m)
dark
निर्णिजं (nirṇíjam)
covering, cloak
देवी (devī́)
goddess
आ (āvar)
cast off, removed
प्रबो (prabodháyantī)
awakening
अरुणेभि (aruṇébhiḥ)
with reddish
अश्वै (áśvaiḥ)
with horses
आ (ā́)
hither
ष (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
याति (yāti)
comes, goes
सुयुजा (suyújā)
well-yoked
रथेन (ráthena)
with a chariot
Stanza 1.113.15
आ॒वह॑न्ती॒ पोष्या॒ वार्या॑णि चि॒त्रं के॒तुं कृ॑णुते॒ चेकि॑ताना | ई॒युषी॑णामुप॒मा शश्व॑तीनां विभाती॒नां प्र॑थ॒मोषा व्य॑श्वैत् ||
āváhantī póṣyā vā́ryāṇi citráṁ ketúṁ kr̥ṇute cékitānā īyúṣīṇām upamā́ śáśvatīnāṁ vibhātīnā́m prathamóṣā́ vy àśvait
Bringing all desirable blessings, Dawn creates a brilliant, radiant appearance. She is the last of the countless dawns that have passed and the first of the bright dawns to come; she has arisen.
Dawn brings all blessings and shines with brilliant light. She is the last of the past dawns and the first of the coming ones, marking a continuous cycle of renewal and radiance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ पोष्या वार्या āváhantī póṣyā vā́ryāṇi (11 syllables)
- B. चित्रं केतुं कृणुते चेकि citrám ketúm kr̥ṇute cékitānā (11 syllables)
- C. ईयुषी उपमा शश्वती īyúṣīṇām upamā́ śáśvatīnām (11 syllables)
- D. विभाती प्रथम ष वि अश्वैत् vibhātīnā́m prathamā́ uṣā́ḥ ví aśvait (11 syllables)
आ (āváhantī)
bringing
पोष्या (póṣyā)
nourishing, sustaining
वार्या (vā́ryāṇi)
desirable things, blessings
चित्रं (citrám)
brilliant, wonderful
केतुं (ketúm)
light, radiance
कृणुते (kr̥ṇute)
makes, creates
चेकि (cékitānā)
shining, radiant
ईयुषी (īyúṣīṇām)
of those who have gone
उपमा (upamā́)
the last, the end
शश्वती (śáśvatīnām)
of the countless
विभाती (vibhātīnā́m)
of the shining ones
प्रथम (prathamā́)
first
ष (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
वि (ví)
forth
अश्वैत् (aśvait)
arisen, appeared
Stanza 1.113.16
उदी॑र्ध्वं जी॒वो असु॑र्न॒ आगा॒दप॒ प्रागा॒त्तम॒ आ ज्योति॑रेति | आरै॒क्पन्थां॒ यात॑वे॒ सूर्या॒याग॑न्म॒ यत्र॑ प्रति॒रन्त॒ आयुः॑ ||
úd īrdhvaṁ jīvó ásur na ā́gād ápa prā́gāt táma ā́ jyótir eti ā́raik pánthāṁ yā́tave sū́ryāyā́ganma yátra pratiránta ā́yuḥ
Arise! The breath of life has returned to us. Darkness has gone away, and light is coming. She has made a path for the sun to travel. We have reached a place where people can prolong their lives.
This verse is an awakening call. Dawn's arrival brings back life and consciousness ('breath', 'life'), banishes darkness, and ushers in light. It signifies a transition to a state where life can be prolonged and flourished.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उदी र्ध्वं जीव असु न आ अगात् út īrdhvam jīváḥ ásuḥ naḥ ā́ agāt (11 syllables)
- B. अप प्र अगात् तम आ ज्योति एति ápa prá agāt támaḥ ā́ jyótiḥ eti (11 syllables)
- C. आरैक् पन्थां यातवे सूर्याया ā́raik pánthām yā́tave sū́ryāya (11 syllables)
- D. अगन्म य प्रतिरन्त आयुः áganma yátra pratiránte ā́yuḥ (11 syllables)
उदी (út)
upwards
र्ध्वं (īrdhvam)
arise!
जीव (jīváḥ)
life
असु (ásuḥ)
breath, vital energy
न (naḥ)
to us
आ (ā́)
hither
अगात् (agāt)
has gone
अप (ápa)
away
प्र (prá)
forward
अगात् (agāt)
has gone
तम (támaḥ)
darkness
आ (ā́)
hither
ज्योति (jyótiḥ)
light
एति (eti)
comes
आरैक् (ā́raik)
left, made
पन्थां (pánthām)
path
यातवे (yā́tave)
for traveling
सूर्याया (sū́ryāya)
for the Sun
अगन्म (áganma)
we have reached
य (yátra)
where
प्रतिरन्त (pratiránte)
they prolong, extend
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
Stanza 1.113.17
स्यूम॑ना वा॒च उदि॑यर्ति॒ वह्निः॒ स्तवा॑नो रे॒भ उ॒षसो॑ विभा॒तीः | अ॒द्या तदु॑च्छ गृण॒ते म॑घोन्य॒स्मे आयु॒र्नि दि॑दीहि प्र॒जाव॑त् ||
syū́manā vācá úd iyarti váhni stávāno rebhá uṣáso vibhātī́ḥ adyā́ tád ucha gr̥ṇaté maghony asmé ā́yur ní didīhi prajā́vat
The singer, praising the shining dawns, sends forth his song. Shine for us today, O bounteous Dawn, and grant us life full of children!
The hymn calls upon Dawn to shine with blessings upon those who praise her and upon the worshippers. She is asked to bring life and offspring, emphasizing her role in bestowing fertility and divine favor.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स्य्यूम वाच उद ईयर्ति वन्निः syū́manā vācáḥ út iyarti váhniḥ (11 syllables)
- B. स्तवा रेभ ष विभाती stávānaḥ rebháḥ uṣásaḥ vibhātī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अ॒द्या त उच्छ गृणते मघोन adyá + tát ucha gr̥ṇaté maghoni (11 syllables)
- D. अस्मे आयुः नि दिदीहि प्रजाव asmé ā́yuḥ ní didīhi prajā́vat (11 syllables)
स्य्यूम (syū́manā)
woven, created
वाच (vācáḥ)
of the voice, of the speech
उद (út)
upwards
ईयर्ति (iyarti)
sends forth
वन्निः (váhniḥ)
singer, one who carries (the message)
स्तवा (stávānaḥ)
praising
रेभ (rebháḥ)
singer, praiser
ष (uṣásaḥ)
the dawns
विभाती (vibhātī́ḥ)
shining brightly
अ॒द्या (adyá +)
today
त (tát)
that
उच्छ (ucha)
shine
गृणते (gr̥ṇaté)
to the singer, to the one who praises
मघोन (maghoni)
O bounteous one
अस्मे (asmé)
to us
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
नि (ní)
down
दिदीहि (didīhi)
shine, bestow
प्रजाव (prajā́vat)
with offspring, fruitful
Stanza 1.113.18
या गोम॑तीरु॒षसः॒ सर्व॑वीरा व्यु॒च्छन्ति॑ दा॒शुषे॒ मर्त्या॑य | वा॒योरि॑व सू॒नृता॑नामुद॒र्के ता अ॑श्व॒दा अ॑श्नवत्सोम॒सुत्वा॑ ||
yā́ gómatīr uṣásaḥ sárvavīrā vyuchánti dāśúṣe mártyāya vāyór iva sūnŕ̥tānām udarké tā́ aśvadā́ aśnavat somasútvā
May the dawns that bring cows, heroes, and horses, and shine for the devoted mortal, be attained by the Soma-pressers. May they receive these blessings when their joyful songs arise, louder than Vayu's voice.
This verse describes the dawns that bring prosperity like cattle and heroes to devout mortals. It expresses a wish that those who press Soma will attain these blessings, suggesting Dawn's connection to abundance and successful rituals.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. या गोमती उषसः सर्ववी yā́ḥ gómatīḥ uṣásaḥ sárvavīrāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. व्युच्छन्ति दाशुषे मर्त्याय vyuchánti dāśúṣe mártyāya (11 syllables)
- C. वायोरि व सूनृता उद vāyóḥ iva sūnŕ̥tānām udarké (11 syllables)
- D. ता अश्वदा अश्नवत् सोमसुत्वा tā́ḥ aśvadā́ḥ aśnavat somasútvā (11 syllables)
या (yā́ḥ)
which
गोमती (gómatīḥ)
possessing cows, rich in cattle
उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
dawns
सर्ववी (sárvavīrāḥ)
having all heroes, full of heroes
व्युच्छन्ति (vyuchánti)
shine forth
दाशुषे (dāśúṣe)
to the devoted offerer
मर्त्याय (mártyāya)
to the mortal
वायोरि (vāyóḥ)
of Vayu (the wind god)
व (iva)
like
सूनृता (sūnŕ̥tānām)
of pleasant sounds, of joyous songs
उद (udarké)
at the end, in the culmination
ता (tā́ḥ)
those
अश्वदा (aśvadā́ḥ)
giver of horses
अश्नवत् (aśnavat)
may attain
सोमसुत्वा (somasútvā)
Soma-presser
Stanza 1.113.19
मा॒ता दे॒वाना॒मदि॑ते॒रनी॑कं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ के॒तुर्बृ॑ह॒ती वि भा॑हि | प्र॒श॒स्ति॒कृद्ब्रह्म॑णे नो॒ व्यु१॒॑च्छा नो॒ जने॑ जनय विश्ववारे ||
mātā́ devā́nām áditer ánīkaṁ yajñásya ketúr br̥hatī́ ví bhāhi praśastikŕ̥d bráhmaṇe no vy ùchā́ no jáne janaya viśvavāre
You are the mother of the gods, the radiance of Aditi, and the banner of sacrifice. Shine forth, exalted one! Favor our devotion, O universal one, and bring forth progeny among people!
Dawn is praised as the mother of the gods, the embodiment of Aditi, and the banner of sacrifice. She is called upon to shine brilliantly, to favor devotion, and to foster fertility among people.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. माता देवाना अदिते अनीकं mātā́ devā́nām áditeḥ ánīkam (11 syllables)
- B. यज्ञस्य केतु बृहती वि भाहि yajñásya ketúḥ br̥hatī́ ví bhāhi (11 syllables)
- C. प्रशस्ति ब्रह्मणे न वि उच्छ praśastikŕ̥t bráhmaṇe naḥ ví ucha (11 syllables)
- D. आ न ज जनय विश्व ā́ naḥ jáne janaya viśvavāre (11 syllables)
माता (mātā́)
mother
देवाना (devā́nām)
of the gods
अदिते (áditeḥ)
of Aditi (the infinite)
अनीकं (ánīkam)
form, radiance, army
यज्ञस्य (yajñásya)
of the sacrifice
केतु (ketúḥ)
banner, standard
बृहती (br̥hatī́)
great, exalted
वि (ví)
forth
भाहि (bhāhi)
shine!
प्रशस्ति (praśastikŕ̥t)
bestower of praise, favorer
ब्रह्मणे (bráhmaṇe)
for our devotion, prayer
न (naḥ)
us
वि (ví)
forth
उच्छ (ucha)
shine!
आ (ā́)
hither
न (naḥ)
us
ज (jáne)
among people
जनय (janaya)
cause to be born, make fruitful
विश्व (viśvavāre)
O bestower of all, universal
Stanza 1.113.20
यच्चि॒त्रमप्न॑ उ॒षसो॒ वह॑न्तीजा॒नाय॑ शशमा॒नाय॑ भ॒द्रम् | तन्नो॑ मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो मामहन्ता॒मदि॑तिः॒ सिन्धुः॑ पृथि॒वी उ॒त द्यौः ||
yác citrám ápna uṣáso váhantījānā́ya śaśamānā́ya bhadrám tán no mitró váruṇo māmahantām áditiḥ síndhuḥ pr̥thivī́ utá dyaúḥ
Whatever brilliant, auspicious wealth the dawns bring for the worshipper who makes offerings, may Mitra, Varuna, Aditi, the River, the Earth, and the Sky grant that to us.
The hymn concludes with a prayer for blessings. It asks that the brilliant wealth brought by the dawns, meant to benefit worshippers, be granted by Mitra, Varuna, Aditi, the Sindhu (river/ocean), Earth, and Heaven.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. य चित्रम अन्न ष वहन्ति yát citrám ápnaḥ uṣásaḥ váhanti (11 syllables)
- B. ईजा शशमा भद्रं ījānā́ya śaśamānā́ya bhadrám (11 syllables)
- C. त न मित्रो वरुणो मामहन्ता tát naḥ mitráḥ váruṇaḥ māmahantām (11 syllables)
- D. अदि सिन्धुः पृथि उत द्यौः áditiḥ síndhuḥ pr̥thivī́ utá dyaúḥ (11 syllables)
य (yát)
whatever
चित्रम (citrám)
brilliant, varied
अन्न (ápnaḥ)
wealth, treasure
ष (uṣásaḥ)
dawns
वहन्ति (váhanti)
bring
ईजा (ījānā́ya)
to the one who worships
शशमा (śaśamānā́ya)
to the one who honors, reveres
भद्रं (bhadrám)
auspicious, good
त (tát)
that
न (naḥ)
to us
मित्रो (mitráḥ)
Mitra (god of friendship, contracts)
वरुणो (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna (god of cosmic order, justice)
मामहन्ता (māmahantām)
may they magnify, may they bestow
अदि (áditiḥ)
Aditi (mother goddess, infinity)
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
river, ocean
पृथि (pr̥thivī́)
Earth
उत (utá)
and
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
Sky, Heaven